CN109166438A - A kind of breathing thermal manikin and its operating method sucking exposure detection for particulate pollutant human body - Google Patents
A kind of breathing thermal manikin and its operating method sucking exposure detection for particulate pollutant human body Download PDFInfo
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- CN109166438A CN109166438A CN201811197793.5A CN201811197793A CN109166438A CN 109166438 A CN109166438 A CN 109166438A CN 201811197793 A CN201811197793 A CN 201811197793A CN 109166438 A CN109166438 A CN 109166438A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breathing thermal manikins and its operating method that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body, comprising: dummy's ontology, body temperature controlling device, breathing simulator and several particulate matter detection means；Body temperature controlling device is installed on dummy's ontology；Breathing simulator includes 3D printing respiratory tract and manual simulation's lung；3D printing respiratory tract is set to dummy's body interior, and simulated lung is set to dummy's body exterior, conveys leather hose by gas and is connected with respiratory tract；Several particulate matter detection means are separately mounted in the environment in the bottom volume of the 3D printing respiratory tract of breathing simulator and at the mouth and nose of dummy's ontology and outside 1 meter of dummy's ontology.The present invention can simulate the heating temperature of human body surface and inside, can restore the human body microenvironment under truth to large extent；The also respiratory characteristic of analog human body；It can be used for the concentration of analog detection particle contamination substance environment servant's body respiratory region microenvironment and respiratory tract endoparticle pollutant.
Description
Technical field
It is the invention belongs to breathe thermal manikin technical field, in particular to a kind of for the sucking exposure of particulate pollutant human body
The breathing thermal manikin and its operating method of detection.
Background technique
Thermal manikin refers to body configuration, can simulate the instrument and equipment of human-body radiating situation, be primarily used to room
The places such as the evaluation of interior environmental degree of comfort and the test of clothing thermal resistance.Replacing true man to do experimental study using thermal manikin can be objective
Ground systematically evaluates thermal environment and predicts human body to the physiological reaction of thermal environment.And the experiment severe, dangerous in some comparisons
Under environmental condition, using true man do experiment danger coefficient it is higher, personal safety cannot be guaranteed, it is necessary to replace true man with dummy
It tests, improves experiment safety.Existing various thermal manikins generally only carry out the simulation of human body temperature, are not related to human body
Thermal manikin is applied to the inspection of indoor environmental quality for current serious problem of environmental pollution by the simulation of respiratory characteristic
It surveys, completes the human body sucking exposure assessment of environmental contaminants, just need the development for carrying out breathing thermal manikin.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of breathing thermal manikins that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body
And its operating method, to solve above-mentioned technical problem.Breathing thermal manikin of the invention can simulate human body surface hair
Hot temperature restores influence of the human body temperature distribution situation and human body Thermal plume under truth to environment；Also analog people
The respiratory characteristic of body reproduces influence of the human body respiration air-flow to human body microenvironment；It can be used for analog detection particle contamination substance environment
Lower human body microenvironment and respiratory tract endoparticle pollutant suck exposure concentrations；Testing result can be to judge particle contamination substance environment pair
The influence of real human body respiratory tract provides relatively reliable data basis and theoretical direction.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of breathing thermal manikin sucking exposure detection for particulate pollutant human body, comprising: dummy's ontology, body temperature control
Device, breathing simulator and several particulate matter detection means processed；Body temperature controlling device is installed on dummy's ontology, adjusts for controlling
The Temperature Distribution for saving dummy's ontology body surface reproduces influence of the human body Thermal plume to particulate matter sucking exposure；Breathe simulator packet
It includes: 3D printing respiratory tract and manual simulation's lung；3D printing respiratory tract is set in dummy's ontology, and manual simulation's lung is set to dummy
This is external；Manual simulation's lung conveys leather hose by gas and is connected with 3D printing respiratory tract, for providing for 3D printing respiratory tract
Steady and sustained respiratory air flow, the entire simulator that breathes is for simulating human normal respiratory characteristic；Several particle analyte detection dresses
Set be separately mounted to breathing simulator 3D printing respiratory tract bottom volume in and dummy's ontology mouth and nose at and dummy
In environment outside 1 meter of ontology, it is respectively used to 3D printing respiratory tract exposure concentrations, the dummy's ontology microenvironment of detection particulate pollutant
The concentration of external environment locating for concentration and dummy's ontology.
Further, dummy's ontology includes dummy's shell and simulated skin layer；Simulated skin layer is laid in outside dummy's shell；
Body temperature controlling device includes: heating coil；Heating coil is arranged between dummy's shell and simulated skin layer.
Further, dummy's shell is made of reinforced plastic glass fibre material；Simulated skin layer is made of fabric fiber material.
Further, body temperature controlling device includes: temperature controller, temperature-detecting device and heating device；Temperature control
The signal receiving end of device is connected with the signal output end of temperature-detecting device, and temperature-detecting device can monitor dummy's ontology
Temperature；The signal output end of temperature controller is connected with heating device, and heating device can make dummy's ontology heat up.
Further, heating device is silicon rubber heater wire circle or heating wire, silicon rubber heater wire circle or heating wire and temperature
Degree controller is connected；Temperature-detecting device is temperature sense probe.
Further, silicon rubber heater wire circle is equably wrapped in head, trunk and the four limbs of dummy's shell, passes through temperature
Controller can control silicon rubber heater wire circle and generate the entire dummy's shell of heat partition heating；The front end of temperature controller and band
There is the temperature sense probe of sensing device to be connected, the terminal of temperature controller is PLC control circuit.
Further, the shape of 3D printing respiratory tract is determined according to human respiratory tract's CT scan result, is led to by photosensitive resin
Cross 3D printing building；Manual simulation's lung includes: check-valves, delivery valve, air pump and control device；Air pump is by intake line and exhales
Pipeline is connected to simulated respiration road out, and check-valves is provided on intake line, is breathed out and is provided with delivery valve on pipeline；Check-valves,
The signal receiving end of delivery valve and air pump is connected with the signal output end of control device respectively.
Further, particulate matter detection means include particle concentration sensor, single-chip microcontroller, sequence controller, show in real time
Show device and data storage mould group；The signal receiving end of single-chip microcontroller connects the letter of particle concentration sensor by sequence controller
Number output end, particle concentration sensor are used to acquire the particle concentration data in environment, dummy's microenvironment area and respiratory tract；
The signal receiving end of the signal output end connection real-time display device of single-chip microcontroller, real-time display device are used for the particle concentration that will test
Data carry out real-time display；The signal receiving end of the signal output end connection data storage mould group of single-chip microcontroller.
Further, particle concentration sensor is digital versatile particle concentration sensor.
A kind of operating method for the breathing thermal manikin sucking exposure detection for particulate pollutant human body, specific steps packet
It includes:
Step 1, breathing thermal manikin is placed in environment to be detected, opens body temperature controlling device, is controlled by body temperature
Device realizes dummy's ontology partition heating to simulate normal body temperature's distribution, until dummy's temperature is stablized；
Step 2, breathing simulator is opened, minute respiratory capacity and respiratory rate are adjusted, simulates human normal respiratory activity,
Stablize to respiratory state；
Step 3, the particle in environment is detected by the particulate matter detection means in the environment that is arranged in outside 1 meter of dummy's ontology
Total quantity control on emission value；
Step 4, particle in human body microenvironment is detected by being mounted on particulate matter detection means at dummy's ontology mouth and nose
Pollutant concentration value；
Step 5, by the particulate matter detection means being mounted in respiratory tract bottom volume, the particle detected in respiratory tract is dirty
Contaminate object concentration；
Step 6, the particle concentration value that analytical procedure 3 is obtained to step 5, comparing result are completed to particulate pollutant people
The detection and analysis of Influential Factors of body sucking exposure.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
Breathing thermal manikin of the invention is special by the breathing of breathing simulator and body temperature controlling device analog human body
It seeks peace body temperature distribution characteristics；Breathing thermal manikin is placed in pollution environment, can detect dummy's ontology by particulate matter detection means
Particulate pollutant concentration in microenvironment and simulated respiration road, and then particulate pollutant Environmental insults' respiratory tract can be studied
It influences, result of study can suck exposure assessment for human body and provide reliable data support and theoretical direction.Breathing of the invention is warm
Body dummy can realize simulation human body respiration and body temperature；Particulate matter detection means and simulated respiration road are organically combined, it can mould
Quasi- research human body is under severe particle contamination substance environment, sucking exposure concentrations of the particulate pollutant in respiratory tract；Analog
Compare the particulate pollutant of different-grain diameter in the difference of the exposure concentrations of respiratory tract；It can be used for studying indoor air quality and interior
Environmental insults suck the problems such as influence of exposure.
Further, heating device is used to provide heat for dummy's shell and simulated skin layer；Generally guarantee that heating is equal
Even needs adhered aluminium foil on dummy's shell, but the radiance of aluminium foil and actual human body radiance difference are larger, to improve dummy
Radiation heat transfer accuracy lays simulated skin layer other than dummy's shell and heating device；Heating device is arranged in dummy's shell
It can avoid that heating wires are exposed be easy to cause security risk between body and simulated skin layer；Heating device heat loss can also be reduced,
Make the unnecessary heat dissipation of heating device within the acceptable range, guarantees the accuracy of temperature and Feedback of Power.
Further, referring to true man's form Design, dummy's shell is made dummy's shell of reinforced plastic glass fibre material, have compared with
Good heating conduction；Simulated skin layer uses fabric fiber material, and slin emissivity can be made suitable with human skin；The two combines
Body surface feature can be preferably simulated, can further improve the accuracy and reliability of analog detection.
Further, temperature-detecting device is able to detect the temperature of dummy's ontology, and temperature-detecting device will test result biography
It is defeated by temperature controller；Temperature controller by control heating device, can real-time control adjustment dummy's ontology temperature, vacation can be made
The temperature of human body is maintained at the temperature range of needs.
Further, the front end of temperature controller is connected with the temperature sense probe with sensing device, temperature control
The terminal of device is that PLC control circuit is fed back after temperature sense probe detects temperature through control circuit, be can reach by PLC control
More accurate real-time control adjusts the purpose of dummy's body temperature；Temperature sense probe is respectively arranged in the cavity of dummy's ontology
At portion and surface of shell different subregions temperature control；The temperature sense probe being set in dummy's chamber body is connected with temperature controller
It connects, for incuding temperature and its variation inside dummy；It is set to the temperature sense probe and temperature control of dummy's housing outer surface
Device processed is connected, for incuding shell temperature and its variation of dummy's different subregions；Control circuit can pass through power supply adaptor
It is connect with normal power supplies, convenient for operation.
Further, the breathing situation under simulator analog people's different conditions is breathed；Simulated respiration road is according to true
Real human respiratory tract's CT scan as a result, in conjunction with 3D printing technique use photosensitive resin rebuild human upper airway mock-up,
With geometrical boundary identical with the real human body upper respiratory tract, can completely and accurately restore respiratory tract flow field situation with
Grain object motion feature in human upper airway；When simulated lung works, control device controls air pump pumpdown time and sucking rate, gas
Outside air is pumped by pump by connecting the intake line of check-valves, and control device closes check-valves and opens delivery valve, air pump
Gas is realized into the overall process of simulated lung simulation human body respiration with this from exhalation pipeline output by delivery valve；It needs further
Illustrate: simulated respiration road model of the invention is according to real human body respiratory tract CT scan as a result, in conjunction with 3D printing technique
The human upper airway mock-up rebuild using photosensitive resin.With the simplification respiratory tract model or office being often used in previous research
Portion's respiratory tract model is different, and respiratory tract model of the invention has geometrical boundary identical with the real human body upper respiratory tract, can
Complete and accurate reduction respiratory tract flow field situation and the particulate matter motion feature in human upper airway, especially to throat
The reduction of structure is so that can accurately reflect what the presence of turbulent flow and transition flow moved particulate matter in respiratory tract in experiment
It influences, improves the authenticity and reliability of experimental measurements.In breathing simulator of the invention, pass through control device control
Air pump processed can produce the respiratory air flow of different frequency and intensity, can closer to the changing rule of the practical respiratory air flow of human body
The more accurately respiratory flow situation of change under reflection human body difference active state, so as to be built more in respiratory tract model
Air velocity distribution under adjunction person of modern times's body full-scale condition, can make analog detection test in particulate pollutant in upper airway model
Exposed amount has relatively reliable reference value closer to the true value of human body.
Further, single-chip microcontroller connects sequence controller, and sequence controller connects particle concentration sensor, and acquisition is external
The particle concentration data of environment, human body respiration area and dummy's respiratory tract；Single-chip microcontroller connects real-time display device, to detected
Grain object concentration data carries out real-time display, convenient for intuitive observation；Single-chip microcontroller connects data and stores mould group, saves collected
Grain object concentration data, is used for subsequent analysis research.The concentration value that namely particle concentration sensor obtains can be stored in single-chip microcontroller
RAM in, while clock chip, by serial ports and microcontroller communication, data are sent out per next byte from clock, are at this moment led
Machine starts to will acquire particle concentration value and time data, is transferred data in real time under sequence controller effect using bus
It is shown, and is stored in data storage card in display, handled convenient for later data；In addition existing that particulate matter is being breathed
In the research of road exposure mechanism, the methods of computer simulation is commonly used, the present invention can be particulate matter in respiratory tract exposure feelings
Basic data needed for the research of condition provides computer sim- ulation simulation.
Further, sensor selects digital versatile particle concentration sensor, and it is former which is based on laser light scattering
Reason, can in continuous acquisition and unit of account volume in air different-grain diameter suspended particulate substance number, i.e. particle concentration is distributed,
And then it is converted into mass concentration；Its measurement range is 0.3~1.0 micron, and 1.0~2.5 microns, 2.5~10 microns, single responds
Time is less than 1s, and main output is each concentration of particles amount of substance and number in unit volume, wherein the unit of particulate matter number
Volume is 0.1 liter, mass concentration unit are as follows: microgram/cubic meter, acquisition data reliability are higher.Particle concentration sensor
Laser light scattering principle is of different size, the Ke Yijian that forms impulse waveform after light scatters according to the particulate matter of different-grain diameter size
Measure the particulate matter quantity of different-grain diameter in unit volume.
The operating method of breathing thermal manikin of the invention is suitable for the invention breathing thermal manikin, can be used for simulating and grind
Study carefully the exposure of human body respiration and respiratory tract under particle contamination substance environment, it is easy to operate.The controllable parameter of step 1 is
Body surface temperature and heating power, the controllable parameter of step 2 are respiratory rate and respiratory capacity, step 3 it is measurable
Parameter is ambient particle pollutant concentration, step 4 and the measurable parameter of step 5 be human body respiratory region particulate pollutant concentration with
And human body lower respiratory tract particle concentration exposed amount can be to the environment of multiple positions by arranging multiple particulate matter detection means
Parameter carries out real-time monitoring, when analog research detection human body is in particle contamination substance environment, particulate pollutant in respiratory tract
Exposure concentrations.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of entirety of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body of the invention connects
Connect structural schematic block diagram；
Fig. 2 is a kind of whole knot of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body of the invention
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of 3D printing respiratory tract in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is on a kind of breathing thermal manikin shell for sucking exposure detection for particulate pollutant human body of the invention
Temperature region divides schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the schematic illustration of manual simulation's lung of the invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of particulate matter of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body of the invention
The circuit connection diagram of concentration sensor；
Fig. 7 is a kind of particulate matter of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body of the invention
The full pin configuration schematic diagram of concentration sensor；
Fig. 8 is a kind of operation side of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body of the invention
The schematic process flow diagram of method；
In Fig. 2 and Fig. 5,1,3D printing respiratory tract；2, silicon rubber heater wire circle；3, manual simulation's lung；4, particle quality testing
Survey device；5, real-time display device；6, check-valves；7, control device；8, delivery valve；9, air pump.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of breathing thermal manikin sucking exposure detection for particulate pollutant human body of the invention, packet
It includes: dummy's ontology, body temperature controlling device, breathing simulator and several particulate matter detection means 4.Body temperature controlling device directly with
Dummy's ontology is connected, and acts on dummy's ontology different demarcation regional location；The 3D printing respiratory tract breathed in simulator is embedding
Enter in dummy's ontology, particulate matter detection means 4 are arranged in dummy's body interior and human peripheral many places.Dummy's ontology can basis
The body characteristics of volunteer make standardized human body's model using Tractus 3D printer, for reproducing true human body body
Feature.Respiratory tract model is the respiratory tract CT scan according to volunteer as a result, using medical software Materialise Mimics
17 carry out the three-dimensional reconstruction of respiratory tract, have geometrical boundary identical as the real human body upper respiratory tract in conjunction with what 3D printing technique was remolded
Photosensitive resin respiratory tract mock-up.
Dummy's ontology includes dummy's shell and simulated skin layer；Dummy's shell is made of reinforced plastic glass fibre material；Simulate skin
Skin layers are made of fabric fiber material.Dummy's shell is made referring to true man's form Design, dummy's shell of reinforced plastic glass fibre material,
With preferable heating conduction；Simulated skin layer uses fabric fiber material, and slin emissivity can be made suitable with human skin；Two
Person, which combines, can preferably simulate body surface feature, can further improve the accuracy and reliability of analog detection.Simulate skin
Skin layers are laid in outside dummy's shell；Body temperature controlling device includes heating device；Heating device setting is in dummy's shell and simulation skin
Between skin layers.
Body temperature controlling device is installed on dummy's ontology, and body temperature controlling device is used to control to adjust the temperature of dummy's ontology.Body
Temperature control device includes: temperature controller, temperature-detecting device and heating device；The signal receiving end and temperature of temperature controller
The signal output end of detection device is connected, and temperature-detecting device can monitor the temperature of dummy's ontology；The letter of temperature controller
Number output end is connected with the signal receiving end of heating device, and heating device can make dummy's ontology heat up.Heating device is silicon
Rubber-heating coil 2 or heating wire；Silicon rubber heater wire circle 2 or heating wire are connected with temperature controller；Temperature detection dress
It is set to temperature sense probe.Silicon rubber heater wire circle 2 is equably wrapped in head, trunk and the four limbs of dummy's shell, passes through temperature
Degree controller can control silicon rubber heater wire circle 2 and generate the entire dummy's shell of heat；The front end of temperature controller and band
There is the temperature sense probe of sensing device to be connected, the terminal of temperature controller is PLC control circuit.With reference to Fig. 4, dummy's ontology
Whole body divides multiple individual sections, it may be assumed that head, neck, chest, preabdomen, back, buttocks, left and right upper arm, left and right forearm and
Hand, left and right thigh, left and right shank and foot, form meet adult man stance, and section partition refers to ASHARE handbook phase
It speaks on somebody's behalf bright；Silicon rubber heater wire circle 2 is equably wrapped between dummy's shell and simulated skin layer, is fixed by aluminum foil and adhesive tape, is led to
Excess temperature controller carries out the control of sectional temperature, and the control of each section of body surface is all relatively independent, heating element
It is completely independent.Both of which can be used to control it, one is the heating powers of control each section, monitor each
Partial surface temperature variation, one is the surface temperatures of control each section, monitor the heating power variation of various pieces；Silicon
2 outer layer of rubber-heating coil has been coated with fabric skin outer layer.During realistic simulation test experience: temperature controller front end and band
There is the temperature sense probe of sensing device to be connected, terminal is PLC control circuit.Silicon rubber heater wire circle 2 is fast by heater wire
The positive and negative connector of speed is connected with temperature controller, and the other end of temperature controller is connect by power supply adaptor with normal power supplies.
Zone temperature is arranged by temperature controller, adds heating on dummy surface through silicon rubber heater wire circle 2, is examined by temperature sense probe
Whether each zone temperature reaches setup parameter, and feeds back to PLC control circuit, final that each zone temperature in dummy surface is maintained to keep
It is constant, it can more actually simulate body surface temperature profile.
Breathing simulator includes 3D printing respiratory tract 1 and manual simulation's lung 3；3D printing respiratory tract 1 is set to dummy's sheet
Internal portion, manual simulation's lung 3 are set to dummy's body exterior, and breathing simulator is for simulating human normal respiratory characteristic.It exhales
Inhaling simulator includes: 3D printing respiratory tract 1 and manual simulation's lung 3；The shape of 3D printing respiratory tract 1 is according to human respiratory tract CT
Scanning result determines that 3D printing respiratory tract 1 is constructed by photosensitive resin by 3D printing；Manual simulation's lung 3 includes check-valves 6, defeated
Valve 8, air pump 9 and control device 7 out；Air pump 9 is connected to by intake line and exhalation pipeline with 3D printing respiratory tract 1, suction line
It is provided with check-valves 6 on road, breathes out and is provided with delivery valve 8 on pipeline；The signal receiving end of check-valves 6, delivery valve 8 and air pump 9
It is connected respectively with the signal output end of control device 7.Referring to figs. 2 to Fig. 5, physical simulation detection can integrate CT and sweep in testing
Both technology and 3D printing technique advantage are retouched, specially by 300 human upper airway CT scan pictures, is imported
17 software of Materialise Mimics carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, using photosensitive resin material by the respiratory tract geometry of reconstruction
3D printing is carried out, the respiratory tract model of acquisition is existed comprising human face, oral cavity, nasal cavity, throat, tracheae and preceding 4 grades of bronchuses
Interior human upper airway and lung volume mock-up is, it can be achieved that the height to each region geometry boundary of the upper respiratory tract restores.
3 implementation method of manual simulation's lung: artificial lung includes check-valves 6, control device 7, delivery valve 8, air pump 9, four root breath pipelines.People
Work simulated lung 3 carries out control pump machine work by controlling chip, and air pump 9 passes through 6 downside of hide glue pipeline e connection check-valves, non-return
Valve 6 upside pipeline d and middle part pipeline a is directly connected to outside air, 9 other side connecting pipeline f of air pump to delivery valve 8, delivery valve 8
The other side is divided into two root skin hose line b, c and is connected to external environment to pipeline mouth.When artificial lung work, air pump 9 passes through non-return
Air is pumped into air pump 9 by a, d pipeline of valve 6, and control device carries out 9 pumpdown time of reaction controlling air pump and sucking rate, and by gas
Body intake pipeline f, check-valves 6 is closed at this time, and gas cannot be exported from a, d mouthfuls, and gas is divided into two by delivery valve 8 by pipeline f
Part is exported from b, c pipeline respectively, the overall process of artificial lung simulated respiration is realized with this, wherein cortex pipeline has outside pipeline mouth
Extend.The breathing situation under simulator analog people's different conditions is breathed, manual simulation's lung 3 conveys leather hose and 3D by gas
The reserved opening of lung in the respiratory tract of printing is connected, side air inlet, side outlet；3D printing respiratory tract 1 is according to true
Human respiratory tract's CT scan has as a result, in conjunction with the human upper airway mock-up that 3D printing technique uses photosensitive resin to rebuild
There is geometrical boundary identical with the real human body upper respiratory tract, can completely and accurately restore respiratory tract flow field situation and particle
Object motion feature in human upper airway；When manual simulation's lung 3 works, control device controls 9 pumpdown time of air pump and pumping
Outside air is pumped by amount, air pump 9 by connecting the intake line of check-valves 6, and control device closes check-valves 6 and opens output
Valve 8, air pump 9 are exported gas from exhalation pipeline by delivery valve 8, realize that manual simulation's lung 3 simulates the complete of human body respiration with this
Process；3D printing respiratory tract 1 combines the accuracy and reliability that can further improve analog detection with manual simulation's lung 3.It needs
To be further illustrated: simulated respiration road model of the invention is according to real human body respiratory tract CT scan as a result, in conjunction with 3D
The human upper airway mock-up that printing technique uses photosensitive resin to rebuild.With the simplification respiratory tract being often used in previous research
Model or local respiratory tract model are different, and respiratory tract model of the invention has geometrical edge identical with the real human body upper respiratory tract
Boundary can completely and accurately restore respiratory tract flow field situation and the particulate matter motion feature in human upper airway, especially
It is that the presence that can accurately reflect turbulent flow and transition flow in so that testing is restored to particulate matter in respiratory tract to laryngeal structure
The influence of interior movement improves the authenticity and reliability of experimental measurements.In breathing simulator of the invention, pass through control
Device control air pump processed can produce the respiratory air flow of different frequency and intensity, and the variation closer to the practical respiratory air flow of human body is advised
Rule, can reflect the respiratory flow situation of change under human body difference active state, more accurately so as in respiratory tract model
Build the air velocity distribution being more nearly under human body full-scale condition, can make analog detection test in particulate pollutant in the upper respiratory tract
Exposed amount in model has relatively reliable reference value closer to the true value of human body.
Several particulate matter detection means 4 are separately mounted in the 3D printing respiratory tract 1 of breathing simulator and dummy's ontology
On, particulate matter detection means 4 are respectively used to microenvironment in detection dummy's ontology, in 3D printing respiratory tract 1 and locating for dummy's ontology
The particle concentration of external environment.Particulate matter detection means 4 include particle concentration sensor, single-chip microcontroller, sequence controller, reality
When display 5 and data store mould group；The signal receiving end of single-chip microcontroller connects particle concentration sensing by sequence controller
The signal output end of device, particle concentration sensor are used to acquire the particle concentration data of environment and dummy's respiratory tract；Monolithic
The signal receiving end of the signal output end connection real-time display device 5 of machine, real-time display device 5 are used for the particle concentration number that will test
According to progress real-time display；The signal receiving end of the signal output end connection data storage mould group of single-chip microcontroller.Specially single-chip microcontroller connects
Sequence controller is connect, sequence controller connects particle concentration sensor, acquires the particulate matter of external environment and dummy's respiratory tract
Concentration data；Single-chip microcontroller connects real-time display device 5, real-time display is carried out to particle concentration data detected, convenient for intuitive
Observation；Single-chip microcontroller connects data and stores mould group, i.e. reader of the single-chip microcontroller connection with tf data storage card, preservation is acquired
Particle concentration data, be used for subsequent analysis research.The concentration value that namely particle concentration sensor obtains can be stored in list
In the RAM of piece machine, while clock chip, by serial ports and microcontroller communication, data are sent out per next byte from clock, this
When host start to will acquire particle concentration value and time data, transferred data under sequence controller effect using bus
It is shown, and is stored in data storage card in real-time display device 5, handled convenient for later data；It is steady with high-precision and height
Fixed advantage, in addition it is existing to particulate matter respiratory tract exposure mechanism research in, commonly use the methods of computer simulation,
Data basis needed for the present invention can provide computer sim- ulation simulation in the research of respiratory tract exposure for particulate matter.Particulate matter is dense
The digital versatile particle concentration sensor that sensor is independent research is spent, with reference to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.It is compiled according to demand for control
Program is embedded in single-chip microcontroller, effectively reduces exploitation plate bulk, realizes the purpose of sensor insertion respiratory tract model.MCU passes through SET
Pin emits signal to reset circuit, controls level height by R1 resistance position, realizes data acquisition；Pass through PMS5003's
Serial ports sends pin TXD and issues, and receives pin by the serial ports of MCU and receives data, be delivered to LED screen, realizes real time monitoring.
Sensor selects digital versatile particle concentration sensor, which is based on laser light scattering principle, can be continuous
The suspended particulate substance number of different-grain diameter in air in simultaneously unit of account volume is acquired, i.e. particle concentration is distributed, and then is converted
At mass concentration；Its measurement range is 0.3~1.0 micron, and 1.0~2.5 microns, 2.5~10 microns, the single response time is less than
1s, main output are each concentration of particles amount of substance and number in unit volume, and wherein the unit volume of particulate matter number is 0.1
It rises, mass concentration unit are as follows: microgram/cubic meter, acquisition data reliability are higher.The laser light scattering of particle concentration sensor is former
Reason is of different size to form impulse waveform after light scatters according to the particulate matter of different-grain diameter size, can detecte out unit bodies
The particulate matter quantity of different-grain diameter in product.Particle concentration sensor is responsible for the acquisition of PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10, is dissipated based on light
Principle is penetrated, it is of different size to form impulse waveform after light scatters according to the particulate matter of different-grain diameter size, can detecte out single
The particulate matter quantity of different-grain diameter in the volume of position.The concentration value that particle concentration sensor obtains can be stored in the RAM of single-chip microcontroller
, while clock chip, by serial ports and microcontroller communication, data are sent out per next byte from clock, at this moment host start by
Particle concentration value and time data are obtained, transfer data to real-time display device 5 using bus under sequence controller effect
In shown, and be stored in data storage card, handled convenient for later data.It is provided for precise measurement sucking exposure good
Basis, also there is reference value to the sucking exposure research of other following indoor pollutants.
The present invention provides a kind of breathing thermal manikin system that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body, packets
Include: dummy's ontology, the breathing simulator being placed in outside dummy, the body temperature controlling device for being placed in dummy's the inner surface and the outer surface,
It is placed in the particulate matter detection means in dummy's body with ambient enviroment.Function achieved by the present invention includes: simulation and controls people
Body body temperature simulates the breathing of people, compares the difference of different diameter airborne particle exposure concentrations in 3D printing respiratory tract, compares and detected
The particulate matter exposure concentrations in ambient particle object concentration and 3D printing respiratory tract arrived.Breathing thermal manikin of the invention include compared with
Complete body surface structure and respiratory tract model can carry out true human body thermic load and breathing simulation, reproduce the hot plumage of body surface
Flow the influence to respiratory region microenvironment.By monitoring to the breathing thermal manikin and parameter acquisition, objective human body can be obtained
Particulate matter exposed amount parameter is breathed, can be used for tests and the alternative tests of human body such as various thermal comforts, air quality detection, be work
The guarantee of people's working environment provides data basis.
Existing various thermal manikins generally only carry out the simulation of human body temperature, are not related to the mould of human body respiration characteristic
It is quasi-, human body respiration air-flow, Thermal plume and the coupling of surrounding draft can be reappeared using the breathing thermal manikin with respiratory tract and made
The airflow characteristic in human body microenvironment under；By the cadaver test in environmental chamber, different type, different-grain diameter, no are studied
With the indoor distribution feature of particulate matter, transportation law under concentration conditions, the exposure for specifying particulate matter in human body lower respiratory tract is regular,
Influence in conjunction with particulate matter movement, sedimentation theory analysis particulate matter type, partial size, concentration difference to lower respiratory tract exposed amount, determines
Relationship between particulate matter lower respiratory tract exposed amount and environment mean concentration.In conjunction with ventilation experiment, personalized ventilation and complete can be illustrated
The human body microenvironment air-flow interaction feature that face is divulged information under coupling and indoor accelerated test Ventilation Control mechanism.Final result of study
Can detailed forecasts particulate matter sucking exposure, the conveying therapeutic effect of suction-type aerosol class drug and the interior of particulate matter
Ventilation Control effect, and the formulation to indoor air quality quality control standard is provided to foundation with control method.
Referring to Fig. 8, a kind of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body of the invention
Operating method, specific steps include:
Step 1, breathing thermal manikin is placed in environment to be detected, opens body temperature controlling device, is controlled by body temperature
Device realizes dummy's ontology partition heating to simulate normal body temperature's distribution, and dummy's temperature is waited to stablize；
Step 2, breathing simulator is opened, minute respiratory capacity and respiratory rate are adjusted, simulates human normal respiratory activity,
Respiratory state is waited to stablize；
Step 3, the particulate pollutant in environment is detected by the particulate matter detection means being arranged in outside 1 meter of dummy's ontology to put down
Equal concentration value；
Step 4, particle in human body microenvironment is detected by being mounted on particulate matter detection means at dummy's ontology mouth and nose
Pollutant concentration value；
Step 5, by the particulate matter detection means being mounted in respiratory tract bottom volume, the particle detected in respiratory tract is dirty
Contaminate object concentration；
Step 6, the particle concentration value that analytical procedure 3 is obtained to step 5, comparing result are completed to particulate pollutant people
The detection and analysis of Influential Factors of body sucking exposure.
The operating method of breathing thermal manikin of the invention is suitable for the invention breathing thermal manikin, can be used for simulating and grind
Study carefully the exposure of human body respiration and respiratory tract under particle contamination substance environment, it is easy to operate.The controllable parameter of step 1 is
Body surface temperature and heating power, the controllable parameter of step 2 are respiratory rate and respiratory capacity, step 3 it is measurable
Parameter is ambient particle pollutant concentration, and measurable parameter of step 4 and step 5 is human body respiratory region particulate pollutant concentration
And human body lower respiratory tract particle concentration exposed amount can be to the ring of multiple positions by arranging multiple particulate matter detection means
Border parameter carries out real-time monitoring, when analog research detection human body is in particle contamination substance environment, particulate pollutant in respiratory tract
Exposure concentrations.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of breathing thermal manikin for sucking exposure detection for particulate pollutant human body characterized by comprising Jia Renben
Body, body temperature controlling device, breathing simulator and several particulate matter detection means (4)；
Body temperature controlling device is installed on dummy's ontology, for controlling to adjust the Temperature Distribution of dummy's ontology body surface, reproduces Studies of Human Body Heat
Influence of the plume to particulate matter sucking exposure；
Breathing simulator includes: 3D printing respiratory tract (1) and manual simulation's lung (3)；3D printing respiratory tract (1) is set to dummy
In ontology, it is external that manual simulation's lung (3) is set to dummy's sheet；Manual simulation's lung (3) conveys leather hose by gas and exhales with 3D printing
It inhales road (1) to be connected, for providing steady and sustained respiratory air flow for 3D printing respiratory tract (1), the entire simulator that breathes is used
In simulation human normal respiratory characteristic；
Several particulate matter detection means (4) are separately mounted in the bottom volume of the 3D printing respiratory tract (1) of breathing simulator
In the environment at the mouth and nose of dummy's ontology and outside 1 meter of dummy's ontology, the respiratory tract for being respectively used to detection particulate pollutant is sudden and violent
The concentration of external environment locating for dew concentration, dummy's ontology microenvironment concentration and dummy's ontology.
2. a kind of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, dummy's ontology includes dummy's shell and simulated skin layer；Simulated skin layer is laid in outside dummy's shell；
Body temperature controlling device includes: heating coil；Heating coil is arranged between dummy's shell and simulated skin layer.
3. a kind of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that, dummy's shell is made of reinforced plastic glass fibre material；Simulated skin layer is made of fabric fiber material.
4. a kind of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, body temperature controlling device includes: temperature controller, temperature-detecting device and heating device；The signal of temperature controller
Receiving end is connected with the signal output end of temperature-detecting device, and temperature-detecting device can monitor the temperature of dummy's ontology；Temperature
The signal output end of degree controller is connected with heating device, and heating device can make dummy's ontology heat up.
5. a kind of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that, heating device is silicon rubber heater wire circle (2) or heating wire, silicon rubber heater wire circle (2) or heating wire and temperature
Controller is connected；Temperature-detecting device is temperature sense probe.
6. a kind of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that, silicon rubber heater wire circle (2) is wrapped in head, trunk and the four limbs of dummy's shell, can by temperature controller
It controls silicon rubber heater wire circle (2) and generates heat, it being capable of the entire dummy's shell of partition heating；The front end of temperature controller with have
The temperature sense probe of sensing device is connected, and the terminal of temperature controller is PLC control circuit.
7. a kind of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that,
The shape of 3D printing respiratory tract (1) is determined according to human respiratory tract's CT scan result, passes through 3D printing structure by photosensitive resin
It builds；
Manual simulation's lung (3) includes: check-valves (6), delivery valve (8), air pump (9) and control device (7)；Air pump (9) passes through suction
Enter pipeline and exhalation pipeline is connected to simulated respiration road (1), is provided on intake line check-valves (6), breathes out and be arranged on pipeline
There are delivery valve (8)；The signal receiving end of check-valves (6), delivery valve (8) and air pump (9) is defeated with the signal of control device (7) respectively
Outlet is connected.
8. a kind of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, particulate matter detection means (4) include particle concentration sensor, single-chip microcontroller, sequence controller, real-time display device
(5) and data store mould group；
The signal receiving end of single-chip microcontroller connects the signal output end of particle concentration sensor by sequence controller, and particulate matter is dense
Degree sensor is used to acquire the particle concentration data in environment, dummy's microenvironment area and respiratory tract；The signal of single-chip microcontroller exports
The signal receiving end of end connection real-time display device (5), the particle concentration data that real-time display device (5) is used to will test carry out real
When show；The signal receiving end of the signal output end connection data storage mould group of single-chip microcontroller.
9. a kind of breathing thermal manikin that exposure detection is sucked for particulate pollutant human body according to claim 8,
It is characterized in that, particle concentration sensor is digital versatile particle concentration sensor.
10. body is warmed up in the breathing described in a kind of any one of claims 1 to 9 for the sucking exposure detection of particulate pollutant human body
The operating method of dummy, which is characterized in that specific steps include:
Step 1, breathing thermal manikin is placed in environment to be detected, opens body temperature controlling device, passes through body temperature controlling device
Dummy's ontology partition heating is realized to simulate normal body temperature's distribution, stablizes dummy's temperature；
Step 2, breathing simulator is opened, minute respiratory capacity and respiratory rate are adjusted, human normal respiratory activity is simulated, makes to exhale
It inhales in stable condition；
Step 3, the particle contamination in environment is detected by the particulate matter detection means in the environment that is arranged in outside 1 meter of dummy's ontology
Object mean intensity value；
Step 4, particle contamination in human body microenvironment is detected by being mounted on particulate matter detection means at dummy's ontology mouth and nose
Object concentration value；
Step 5, by the particulate matter detection means being mounted in respiratory tract bottom volume, the particulate pollutant in respiratory tract is detected
Concentration；
Step 6, the particle concentration value that analytical procedure 3 is obtained to step 5, comparing result are completed to inhale particulate pollutant human body
Enter exposed detection and analysis of Influential Factors.
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