CN109164582B

CN109164582B - Head-up display

Info

Publication number: CN109164582B
Application number: CN201811296612.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁蓬霞; 王维; 陈小川
Original assignee: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-01
Filing date: 2018-11-01
Publication date: 2022-05-27
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-01
Also published as: CN109164582A

Abstract

The invention discloses a head-up display, comprising: optical system, optical system includes display screen and automatically controlled grating, automatically controlled grating is established the light-emitting side of display screen, automatically controlled grating includes: the light-emitting diode comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a fixed refractive index medium and a variable refractive index medium, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged, the first electrode is arranged on the first substrate, the second electrode is arranged on the second substrate, the fixed refractive index medium is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the refractive index is fixed, and the variable refractive index medium is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the refractive index can be electrically controlled and adjusted. The head-up display has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, no need of mechanical elements and complex optical elements, capability of adjusting the imaging position, size and brightness and good environmental adaptability.

Description

Head-up display

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of head-up displays, in particular to a head-up display.

Background

A Head-Up Display (HUD), an abbreviation of Head Up Display, also called Head-Up Display, can map information required during driving onto a front windshield so that a driver can see the information clearly without lowering his Head. However, the display effect of the head-up display in the related art is not ideal enough, and the drawbacks of complex structure, heavy device, insufficient precision, high cost, easy abrasion, short service life and the like exist.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. The invention provides a head-up display which is simple in structure, low in cost and capable of performing imaging adjustment.

The head-up display according to the present invention includes: optical system, optical system includes display screen and automatically controlled grating, automatically controlled grating is established the light-emitting side of display screen, automatically controlled grating includes: the light-emitting diode comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a fixed refractive index medium and a variable refractive index medium, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged, the first electrode is arranged on the first substrate, the second electrode is arranged on the second substrate, the fixed refractive index medium is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the refractive index is fixed, and the variable refractive index medium is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the refractive index can be electrically controlled and adjusted.

The head-up display has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, no need of mechanical elements and complex optical elements, capability of adjusting the imaging position, size and brightness and good environmental adaptability.

In some embodiments, the heads-up display further comprises: a detection system in communication with the optical system, the detection system comprising: at least one of the human eye tracking module, the ambient light detection module and the vehicle speed detection module.

In some embodiments, the heads-up display further comprises: and the projection screen is arranged on the light emitting side of the electric control grating.

In some embodiments, the heads-up display further comprises: the optical system is arranged on the base, and the bottom surface of the base is provided with an anti-skidding structural part.

In some embodiments, the fixed refractive index medium is a fixed grating, the variable refractive index medium is liquid crystal, the first electrode is a common electrode, and the second electrode is a pixel electrode.

In some embodiments, the fixed refractive index medium is a polymer, the variable refractive index medium is a liquid crystal, the first electrode is a common electrode, and the second electrode is a pixel electrode.

In some embodiments, the polymer is: one of resin, polytetrafluoroethylene and siloxane.

In some embodiments, the first substrate is: one of glass, quartz, silicon carbide, PET, PI, and/or the second substrate is: one of glass, quartz, silicon carbide, PET, and PI.

In some embodiments, the first electrode is: one of ITO, nano silver and metal layer, and/or the second electrode is a transparent electrode and is: one of ITO, nano silver and metal layer.

In some embodiments, the display screen is: one of LCD, LCOS, OLED, LED, spatial light modulator.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of a heads-up display according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrically controlled grating according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrically controlled grating according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the design of an electrically controlled grating according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the design of an electrically controlled grating according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a pixel binning schematic of an electrically controlled grating according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a pixel binning schematic of an electrically controlled grating according to another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a head-up display according to another embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals:

a heads-up display 1000; a human eye 2000; a front windshield 3000;

an optical system 100;

a display screen 1; an electric control grating 2;

a first substrate 21; a second substrate 22; a first electrode 23; a second electrode 24;

a fixed refractive index medium 25; a variable refractive index medium 26;

a detection system 200; an eye tracking module 3; an ambient light detection module 4; a vehicle speed detection module 5;

a projection screen 300;

a base 400; non-slip structure 401.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. To simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. Moreover, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize the applicability of other processes and/or the use of other materials.

A Head-Up Display (HUD), an abbreviation of Head Up Display, also called Head-Up Display, can map information required during driving onto a front windshield so that a driver can see the information clearly without lowering his Head. However, it is very difficult to easily read the image displayed on the head-up display in both daytime and at night without disturbing the normal line of sight. Moreover, the head-up display in the related art has the problem of double images and more colors, so that a driver is hard to observe, and needs to switch the sight line from time to time, thereby influencing the driving safety.

In addition, the imaging distance of the head-up display in the related art is about 1m to 2.5m, but the optimal imaging distance is about 18 to 20 m in consideration of the visual focus of human eyes, and the imaging distance of the head-up display should reach 3m to 4m in consideration of safety. Some zoom head-up display systems exist in the related art, and the focal length is adjusted in a mechanical transmission mode, however, the mode has the disadvantages of complex structure, heavy device, insufficient precision, high cost, easy abrasion, short service life, poor display effect and the like.

In addition, an adjustable head-up display is also provided in the related art, and the position of the image is adjusted mechanically, so that the problem that the image is in a certain position and is difficult to adapt to drivers reviewing different manuscripts is solved.

A head-up display 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 8.

Specifically, the head-up display 1000 according to the embodiment of the present invention may be an external type or an internal type, and the head-up display 1000 according to the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to vehicles, airplanes, ships, and the like, for assisting driving.

As shown in fig. 1, the head-up display 1000 may include an optical system 100, and the optical system 100 may include: display screen 1 and automatically controlled grating 2, automatically controlled grating 2 is established in the light-emitting side of display screen 1 to display screen 1 can be towards automatically controlled grating 2 emergent ray. With reference to fig. 2 and 3, the electrically controlled grating 2 may include: a first substrate 21, a second substrate 22, a first electrode 23, a second electrode 24, a fixed refractive index medium 25, and a variable refractive index medium 26.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 are disposed opposite to each other (i.e., the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 are disposed at an interval, for example, the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 may be disposed in parallel or substantially in parallel), the first electrode 23 is disposed on the first substrate 21 (for example, may be disposed on a surface of a side of the first substrate 21 facing the second substrate 22), and the second electrode 24 is disposed on the second substrate 22 (for example, may be disposed on a surface of a side of the second substrate 22 facing the first substrate 21).

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a fixed refractive index medium 25 is provided between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 and has a fixed refractive index, and a variable refractive index medium 26 is provided between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 and has an electrically controllable refractive index. That is, when the energization state of the first electrode 23 and the second electrode 24 is changed, the refractive index of the fixed refractive index medium 25 is not changed, and the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 26 is changed, thereby explaining that the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 26 is electrically controllable to be adjusted.

Thus, by adjusting the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 26, the focus position of the light emitted from the display panel 1 projected to the human eye can be adjusted. More specifically, when the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 26 is the same as the refractive index of the fixed refractive index medium 25, the electrically controlled grating 2 cannot change the emission angle of the light emitted from the display panel 1, but after adjusting the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 26 to make the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 26 different from the refractive index of the fixed refractive index medium 25, the electrically controlled grating 2 can function to change the emission angle of the light emitted from the display panel 1, and thus, by adjusting the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 26 to control the difference between the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 26 and the refractive index of the fixed refractive index medium 25, the size of the emission angle of the light emitted from the display panel 1 can be controlled, and the focus position of the human eyes projecting the light emitted from the display panel 1 can be adjusted.

Thus, according to the head-up display 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention, at least the following effects can be achieved: (1) changing into imaging positions according to different heights, body shapes, sitting postures and the like of drivers, and providing different patterns of focusing positions according to the sight lines of the drivers; (2) the problem of unclear imaging under the interference of natural light at night and in the daytime can be solved; (3) the head-up display 1000 has a simple and ultra-thin structure, does not need a mechanical transmission device and a complex optical element, has stable performance and environmental adaptability, and has obvious advantages and wide application prospects. The reason for achieving the above-described effects is discussed later.

As shown in fig. 1, according to the head-up display 1000 of the embodiment of the invention, the optical system 100 may include a display screen 1 and an electrically controlled grating 2 by reflective imaging of the optical system 100, where the electrically controlled grating 2 is a liquid crystal grating attached to the display screen 1. Specifically, the specific type of the electrically controlled grating 2 (i.e. electrically controlled liquid crystal grating) is not limited, as long as the function of adjusting the optical path can be realized by an electrically controlled manner, and for example, the specific type may be: plane grating, slope grating, stereo grating, holographic grating, blazed grating, etc. In addition, the electrically controlled grating 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention may have a pixel structure, so that the display content of the display screen 1 may be modulated by regions and pixels.

For example, the electrically controlled grating 2 according to two embodiments of the present invention is briefly described below.

Example one

As shown in fig. 2, the fixed refractive index medium 25 is a fixed grating, the variable refractive index medium 26 is a liquid crystal (e.g., a normal nematic liquid crystal, a blue phase liquid crystal, etc.), the first electrode 23 is a common electrode (i.e., Com electrode), and the second electrode 24 is a pixel electrode. For example, in some specific processes, the electrically controlled grating 2 may be obtained by processing a first electrode 23 on the lower surface of the first substrate 21, processing a second electrode 24 on the upper surface of the second substrate 22, processing a rectangular stepped fixed grating made of silicon nitride, inorganic substance, organic substance, resin, etc. on the second electrode 24 by using photolithography, nanoimprint technology, laser direct writing technology, etc., and then filling liquid crystal between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22. Therefore, the electric control grating 2 according to the first embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, easy control, low cost and long service life.

Therefore, a certain voltage is applied to the first electrode 23 and the second electrode 24 to form an electric field, that is, after the first electrode 23 and the second electrode 24 are electrified, the electric field can be formed between the first electrode 23 and the second electrode 24, the electric field condition can be adjusted by respectively adjusting the voltages of the first electrode 23 and the second electrode 24, after the electric field is changed, the structure and the refractive index of the fixed grating are not changed, the arrangement direction of each small liquid crystal monomer in the liquid crystal is changed, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal is changed, and the function of adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal can be achieved, so that the integral emergent ray angle of the electric control grating 2 can be changed by changing the difference value between the refractive index of the liquid crystal and the refractive index of the fixed grating, the focusing position of human eyes is changed, and the imaging effect of the optical system 100 is controlled.

Here, it should be noted that the concept, the structure and the electrical control principle of the "common electrode" and the "pixel electrode" are well known to those skilled in the art, and are not described in detail and only briefly described here. Specifically, each liquid crystal cell is deflected by a change in an electric field in a vertical electric field formed between the "common electrode" and the "pixel electrode", so that the average refractive index of the liquid crystal as a whole is changed to achieve an effect of adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal. In addition, the refractive index of the liquid crystal described herein refers to the average refractive index of the liquid crystal.

Example two

As shown in fig. 3, the fixed-refractive-index medium 25 is a polymer phase (for example, resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, siloxane, etc., so that the polymer has good stability with liquid crystal and is immiscible with liquid crystal), the variable-refractive-index medium 26 is a liquid crystal phase (for example, ordinary nematic liquid crystal, blue phase liquid crystal, etc.), the first electrode 23 is a common electrode (i.e., Com electrode), and the second electrode 24 is a pixel electrode. For example, in some specific processes, a first electrode 23 may be formed on the lower surface of the first substrate 21, a second electrode 24 may be formed on the upper surface of the second substrate 22, and then a polymer and liquid crystal are poured between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22, and then the polymer is moved and polymerized into a spaced polymer phase by using the interference exposure, the flood exposure, and the like, and the liquid crystal sandwiched between the two adjacent polymer phases constitutes a liquid crystal phase. Therefore, compared with the first embodiment, the second embodiment is manufactured by adopting the polymer dispersed liquid crystal mode, and has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, easy control, low cost and long service life.

Therefore, a certain voltage is applied to the first electrode 23 and the second electrode 24 to form an electric field, that is, after the first electrode 23 and the second electrode 24 are electrified, the electric field can be formed between the first electrode 23 and the second electrode 24, and the electric field condition can be adjusted by adjusting the voltage of the first electrode 23 and the voltage of the second electrode 24 respectively, after the electric field is changed, the structure and the refractive index of the polymer phase are not changed, and the arrangement direction of each liquid crystal monomer in the liquid crystal phase is changed, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal phase is changed, and thus the function of adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal phase can be achieved, and thus by changing the difference between the refractive index of the liquid crystal phase and the refractive index of the polymer phase, the angle of the emergent light of the whole electrically controlled grating 2 can be changed, the focusing position of human eyes is changed, and the imaging effect of the optical system 100 is controlled.

Next, the principle of the adaptation of the head-up display 1000 according to the embodiment of the present invention is briefly described.

Specifically, the design of the electrically controlled grating 2 aims to control the diffraction order and improve the diffraction efficiency, and both the image display position and the image size are essentially controlled by the diffraction efficiency and the light-emitting angle of the electrically controlled grating 2.

As shown in fig. 4, basic parameters of the design of the electrically controlled grating 2 are shown, where the right side of the incident light zero order and the diffraction order m are negative orders, the left side of the incident light zero order and the diffraction order m are positive orders, n1 is the refractive index of the incident light medium (e.g., the second substrate 22), n2 is the refractive index of the emergent light medium (e.g., the variable refractive index medium 26), n3 is the refractive index of the emergent light medium (e.g., the fixed refractive index medium 25), θ 1 light incident angle, θ 2 light emergent angle, and P is the grating period (e.g., the arrangement period of the fixed refractive index medium 25).

Fig. 5 shows a specific example of the design of the electrically controlled grating 2, where the refractive index n1 of the second substrate 22 is 1.5, the refractive index n2 of the variable refractive index medium 26 is 1.25, the refractive index n3 of the fixed refractive index medium 25 is 2, the grating period P is 391nm, the duty cycle is 50%, the groove depth H is 455nm, the tilt angle θ 3 of the fixed grating is 20 °, and the light incident angle θ 1 is 65 °. The experimental result shows that when the diffraction order m is T-1, the light emergence angle theta 2 is-0.066 DEG, and the light emergence efficiency reaches 92.5%; when the diffraction order m is R-2, the light emergence angle theta 2 is 65.2 degrees, and the light emergence efficiency reaches 0.17 percent; when the diffraction order m is R-1, the light emergent angle theta 2 is-0.044 degrees, and the light emergent efficiency reaches 2.4 percent; when the diffraction order m is R0, the light exit angle θ 2 is 65 °, and the light extraction efficiency reaches 4.7%. Therefore, when the diffraction order m is T-1, the light emergent angle theta 2 is approximately equal to 0 degrees, namely light can be emitted perpendicular to the second substrate 22, the light emitting efficiency reaches 92.5 percent, the deflection of the light can regulate and control the light emitting direction of the pixel, and the light effect is high and the loss of the light brightness is less.

In particular, a display screenThe 1 and the electric control grating 2 can be tightly jointed without gaps or jointed with a reserved small gap, so that the emergent light of the display screen 1 can be considered to be vertically incident to the electric control grating 2, and at the moment, the emergent light of the display screen 1 is vertically incident to the electric control grating 2

Therefore, when the grating period P is fixed, the diffraction order m is fixed, and the light wavelength λ is fixed, the change in the refractive index n2 of the variable refractive index medium 26 (i.e., liquid crystal) determines the change in the light exit angle θ 2.

Or, for the control of the exit angle: 2 pi/λ · n1 ═ 2 pi/λ · ncsin θ 2+ q2 pi/P, (q ═ 0, ± 1, ± 2, …), where nc is the equivalent refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 26 (i.e., liquid crystal) and the second substrate 22 (in order to explain the principle, the two may be directly averaged, and in the actual product design, the light exit direction θ 2 may be precisely designed by professional optical simulation software). In a general application scenario, the light-emitting direction θ 2 of a pixel at a certain position on the display screen 1 is often fixed, and is determined by the position of the pixel relative to the projection reflection screen, that is, the light-emitting direction θ 2 of the display mode in the above formula is fixed, and at this time, by adjusting the period P of the grating, the light (wavelength λ) with a given color can be emitted in a given direction (the included angle between the light and the normal line of the panel is θ 2).

Since the refractive index n2 of the variable index medium 26 (i.e., liquid crystal) can be controlled by an electric field, it varies between the ordinary refractive index no and the extraordinary refractive index ne (i.e., either no or ne, or in between, preferably no is selected). When the refractive index of the liquid crystal 26 is equal to that of the fixed grating 25, the effect of the fixed grating 25 is masked, and the projection content of the display screen 1 is not changed; when the refractive index of the liquid crystal 26 is different from that of the fixed grating 25 by a large amount, the fixed grating 25 has the most obvious effect, the coupling efficiency of the light coupled out from the waveguide layer is the highest, and when the refractive index of the liquid crystal 26 is between the two conditions, the liquid crystal is in other diffraction states.

Therefore, the refractive indexes of the liquid crystals at different positions are controlled by the electric field to be different (namely, the adjustment of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer between no and ne can be realized by adjusting the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer), the display graph can be enlarged and reduced, or the upper, lower, left and right positions of the whole pattern can be moved, so that the display graph can adapt to different environments and actual conditions of different observers (or according to the principle, the refractive index change of the liquid crystal 26 can be controlled according to different position light deflection requirements, the adjustment effect on emergent light of the display screen 1 is achieved, and the view field size, the brightness, the focusing position and the like of the head-up display 1000 are adjusted). Thus, the head-up display 1000 can control the liquid crystal deflection (i.e., refractive index change) by the electric field according to different driving habits and different application scenarios, thereby achieving an adaptive adjustment effect.

Next, a principle of realizing a high luminance effect of the head-up display 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention is briefly described.

As shown in fig. 6-7, an alternative pixel combination scheme is shown, which is used to improve the display brightness, so that the image displayed by the head-up display 1000 can still be clearly read in a strong light environment, and has a higher contrast ratio and an increased reading comfort. As shown in fig. 6, S1 is to merge two adjacent pixels above and below into the same pixel (i.e., the emergent light of two adjacent pixels P1 above and below the display screen 1 is converged onto one projection imaging pixel P2 by adjusting the electrical control grating 2), S2 is to merge two adjacent pixels above and below the display screen into the same pixel (i.e., the emergent light of two adjacent pixels P1 above and below the display screen 1 is converged onto one projection imaging pixel P2 by adjusting the electrical control grating 2), S3 is to merge four adjacent pixels into the same pixel (i.e., the emergent light of four adjacent pixels P1 above the display screen 1 is converged onto one projection imaging pixel P2 by adjusting the electrical control grating 2), and S4 is to merge six adjacent pixels into the same pixel (i.e., the emergent light of six adjacent pixels P1 above the display screen 1 is converged onto one projection imaging pixel P1 by adjusting the electrical control grating 2). It should be noted that this scheme is only used for illustration, and in practical use, the head-up display 1000 may adopt different pixel combination schemes according to different ambient light conditions.

The light emitting direction is adjusted through the electric control grating 2, and the combined pixels can transmit the light directivity to a specific positionAnd display brightness is improved. As shown in fig. 7, another display effect diagram of pixel combination is shown, nit (nit) is a unit of luminance, and 1nit is 1cd/m²The brightness is a physical quantity of the intensity of light emission (reflection) on the surface of a light-emitting body (reflector). The human eye 2000 observes a light source from a direction in which the ratio of the intensity of the light to the area of the light source "seen" by the human eye 2000 is defined as the luminance of the light source unit, i.e. the luminous intensity per unit projected area. Luminance is the human perception of the intensity of light. The pixel combination principle is to concentrate light rays on several pixel areas onto one pixel area to enhance light intensity.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, the heads-up display 1000 may further include: a detection system 200, the detection system 200 in communication with the optical system 100, the detection system 200 may include: at least one of the eye tracking module 3, the ambient light detection module 4, and the vehicle speed detection module 5.

For example, when the detection system 200 includes the eye tracking module 3, the optical system 100 can know the current actual situation of the driver (e.g. the height, sitting posture, etc. of the driver) according to the signal fed back by the eye tracking module 3, thereby performing relevant adjustment actions, realizing adjustment of the image focal length, the image position, etc., further effectively reducing the problems of defocusing and blurred vision caused by different drivers or the change of the sitting posture of the driver, and improving the application range and the driving safety.

For example, when the detection system 200 includes the vehicle speed detection module 5, the optical system 100 can know the current vehicle speed according to a signal fed back by the vehicle speed detection module 5, so as to perform relevant adjustment actions, implement adjustment of image focal length, image position, and the like, thereby effectively reducing the movement of the driver's sight line focus caused by vehicle speed variation and other factors, avoiding defocusing and sight line blurring problems, and improving driving safety.

For example, when the detection system 200 includes the ambient light detection module 4, the optical system 100 may adjust the brightness and the size of the field of view of the display image according to the signal fed back by the ambient light detection module 4 by the pixel combination principle, so that the projection brightness and the size of the field of view may be effectively increased without changing the display screen 1, so as to enhance the visibility under strong light, and increase the field of view of the driver as much as possible when the environment allows.

Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the head-up display 1000 may not include the detection system 200, and at this time, the optical system 100 may be driven to perform corresponding regulation and control actions in a manner of manually inputting instructions, so as to meet actual use requirements.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the light emitted through the electrically controlled grating 2 may be projected on a front windshield 3000 of the vehicle, so that the human eye 2000 can read the light by reflection, but the invention is not limited thereto, and for example, in some other embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 8, the head-up display 1000 may further include: the projection screen 300 and the projection screen 300 are arranged on the light emitting side of the electric control grating 2, at the moment, the light emitted by the electric control grating 2 can be projected on the projection screen 300, and therefore when the projection screen 300 is made of materials with strong reflectivity, the imaging definition can be improved. However, when the head-up display 1000 includes the projection screen 300, the light emitted from the electrically controlled grating 2 may be projected onto the front windshield 3000 by adjusting the electrically controlled grating 2, so as to meet different practical requirements.

In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 8, the head-up display 1000 may be external, in which case, the head-up display 1000 may include a base 400, the optical system 100 is disposed on the base 400, and the bottom surface of the base 400 has an anti-slip structure 401 (for example, a corrugated surface, a convex surface, a rubber pad, etc., as long as it can perform an anti-slip function). Therefore, the head-up display 1000 is convenient to take and place, and the setting of the head-up display 1000 is stable, so that the imaging stability is improved. When the head-up display 1000 is built-in, the base 400 may be present or absent.

In summary, according to the head-up display 1000 of the embodiment of the invention, by adopting the laminated structure of the display screen 1 and the electric control grating 2, the self-adjusting function for different environments, different scenes, different drivers and driving habits can be realized, the self-adaptive effect is achieved, and the high-brightness display effect can be achieved, so that the problem of difficult reading in a strong light environment in the daytime is effectively solved, and the practicability is strong. In addition, the head-up display 1000 according to the embodiment of the invention has a simple structure, and the optical elements are flattened, so that the service life and the impact resistance of the head-up display 1000 can be greatly improved.

More specifically, the head-up display 1000 according to the embodiment of the invention has no complicated mechanical elements and optical devices in the basic device structure, and has the advantages of simple structure, good stability, high precision and low cost. By designing and processing the electric control grating 2 of the micro-nano level wave optical principle, the image focusing position is adjusted according to the position of a driver, and the propagation direction of the pixel level light is simply and effectively adjusted (the propagation direction of the pixel level adjustment light is adjusted), so that the electric control grating is suitable for the heights, body shapes and sitting postures of different drivers. Light is focused according to the brightness of the environment, and the brightness limit is improved by reducing the projection view field under the environment with strong external light (namely the pixel merging principle), so that the brightness intensity of the pixels is adjusted, the size of the reflected image is adjusted, and the problem that the projection content of the head-up display 1000 cannot be seen clearly under the environment with strong light is solved.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the display screen 1 may be: LCD (abbreviation for Liquid Crystal Display), LCOS (new Display of reflective type in which LCD and CMOS integrated circuit are organically combined), OLED (abbreviation for Organic Light Emitting Diode), LED (abbreviation for Light Emitting Diode), spatial Light modulator, but is not limited thereto. Therefore, the device is convenient to obtain and process, and has the advantages of thin size, long service life and good bump resistance.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the first substrate 21 is a transparent matrix, rigid or flexible, and may be, for example: glass, quartz, silicon carbide, PET (i.e., high temperature resistant polyester film), PI (abbreviation of polyimide film), but not limited thereto. Therefore, the imaging device is convenient to obtain and process, thin in size, long in service life, good in bumping resistance, free of interference on emergent light and capable of improving imaging integrity.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the second substrate 22 is a transparent matrix, rigid or flexible, and may be, for example: glass, quartz, silicon carbide, PET (i.e., high temperature resistant polyester film), PI (abbreviation of polyimide film), but not limited thereto. Therefore, the imaging device is convenient to obtain and process, thin in size, long in service life, good in bumping resistance, free of interference on emergent light and capable of improving imaging integrity.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the first electrode 23 is a transparent conductive material, and may be, for example: ITO, nano silver, a metal layer (preferably an ultra-thin metal layer on the order of several tens of nanometers or less), but is not limited thereto. Therefore, the imaging device is convenient to obtain and process, thin in size, long in service life, good in bumping resistance, free of interference on emergent light and capable of improving imaging integrity.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the second electrode 24 is a transparent conductive material, and may be, for example: ITO, nano silver, a metal layer (preferably an ultra-thin metal layer on the order of several tens of nanometers or less), but is not limited thereto. Therefore, the imaging device is convenient to obtain and process, thin in size, long in service life, good in bumping resistance, free of interference on emergent light and capable of improving imaging integrity.

Here, it should be noted that, without contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in the present specification. In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to imply that the number of technical features indicated are in fact significant. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A heads-up display, comprising:

optical system, optical system includes display screen and automatically controlled grating, automatically controlled grating is established the light-emitting side of display screen, automatically controlled grating includes: the head-up display comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a fixed refractive index medium and a variable refractive index medium, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged, the first electrode is arranged on the first substrate, the second electrode is arranged on the second substrate, the fixed refractive index medium is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the refractive index is fixed, the variable refractive index medium is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the refractive index can be electrically controlled and adjusted, and a display graph is amplified, reduced or the position of an integral pattern is moved by adjusting the electrically controlled grating so as to adjust the view field size, the brightness or the focusing position of the head-up display;

a detection system in communication with the optical system, the detection system comprising: at least one of an eye tracking module, an ambient light detection module and a vehicle speed detection module;

the head-up display has a high-brightness display effect, when the high-brightness display effect needs to be displayed, the optical system combines pixels to improve the display brightness, and when the pixels are combined, emergent rays of a plurality of adjacent pixels are converged on one projection imaging pixel by adjusting the electric control grating.

2. The heads-up display of claim 1 further comprising:

and the projection screen is arranged on the light emitting side of the electric control grating.

3. The heads-up display of claim 1 further comprising:

the optical system is arranged on the base, and the bottom surface of the base is provided with an anti-skidding structural part.

4. The heads-up display of claim 1 wherein the fixed index medium is a fixed grating, the variable index medium is liquid crystal, the first electrode is a common electrode, and the second electrode is a pixel electrode.

5. The heads-up display of claim 1 wherein the fixed index medium is a polymer, the variable index medium is liquid crystal, the first electrode is a common electrode, and the second electrode is a pixel electrode.

6. The heads-up display of claim 5 wherein the polymer is: one of resin, polytetrafluoroethylene and siloxane.

7. The head-up display of claim 1, wherein the first substrate is: one of glass, quartz, silicon carbide, PET, PI, and/or the second substrate is: one of glass, quartz, silicon carbide, PET, and PI.

8. The heads-up display of claim 1 wherein the first electrode is: one of ITO, nano silver and metal layer, and/or the second electrode is a transparent electrode and is: one of ITO, nano silver and metal layers.

9. The heads-up display of claim 1 wherein the display screen is: one of LCD, LCOS, OLED, LED, spatial light modulator.