CN109164025A - A kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device and method - Google Patents
A kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109164025A CN109164025A CN201811358811.3A CN201811358811A CN109164025A CN 109164025 A CN109164025 A CN 109164025A CN 201811358811 A CN201811358811 A CN 201811358811A CN 109164025 A CN109164025 A CN 109164025A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/02—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test devices, including passing through the sequentially connected sampling gun of sampling pipe, cyclone separator, first drier, DPI ram and moisture trap, the input end side of cyclone separator is provided with flue, thieff hatch is provided on the side wall of flue, sampling gun is inserted into flue by thieff hatch, the front end of sampling gun is equipped with sample nozzle, sample nozzle is set to the middle part in flue, sampling gun, heating packet is provided on the outside of cyclone separator and DPI ram, heating, which is wrapped, is equipped with temperature control equipment, the other end of moisture trap has vacuum pump by piping connection.The present invention can be realized effective acquisition to PM2.5 in flue gas, and the state by judging the analysis of smoke components thermal power plant PM2.5 discharge.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to stationary source smoke test fields, and in particular to a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device and method.
Background technique
To the end of the year 2010, in addition to PM2.5 is included in national standard and carries out mandatory limitation by some countries such as USA and EU, generation
Most of country does not all carry out the system monitoring to PM2.5 also in boundary, meanwhile, the World Health Organization thinks, in surrounding air
The average annual concentration of PM2.5 is less than 10 μ g/m3It is safety value, and some areas of China are all higher than 50 μ g/m3Close to 80 μ g/m3, very
To higher.PM2.5 standard limited value is set most wide using World Health Organization in China " ambient air quality " (GB3095-2012)
Limit value, PM2.5 and 24 hour average concentration limit values are set to 0.035mg/m respectively in " standard "3And 0.075mg/m3, with the world
Health organization (WHO) first stage transitional period target value is identical.
China was issued on 2 29th, 2012, started " ambient air quality " implemented integrally on January 1st, 2016,
Standard increases 8 hour concentration limit value monitoring index of fine particle (PM2.5) and ozone, and since then, PM2.5 first official is included in sky
Gas quality standard carries out thin in the key areas such as Jing-jin-ji region, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and municipality directly under the Central Government and provincial capital in 2012
The monitoring projects such as grain object (PM2.5), will open for 2013 in 113 environmental protection key cities and national environmental protection City
Exhibition monitoring, the above city of all ground levels will be covered by 2015.
The purpose of stationary source particulate matter quality concentration mensuration is to check whether the particulate matter of discharge of pollutant sources accords with
The regulation for closing discharge standard, evaluates the capability and performance and service condition of cleaning equipment, mentions for atmosphere quality management with evaluation
For scientific basis.In order to more efficiently, efficiently control the discharge of fine particle PM2.5, using related economic means and side
Formula controls the discharge of fine particle PM2.5, meets people to living environment increasingly higher demands, it is necessary to the searching actively made great efforts
Pollute the small energy, real time on-line monitoring pollutant mass concentration, accomplish the discharge for controlling pollutant with a definite target in view.Mesh
Before, the thermal power plant in China is gradually developed to the direction of large capacity and low soot emissions.Therefore, research high sensitivity, Gao Zhun
The exactness and detection method of easy to operate fine particle PM2.5 not only has theory significance is mentioned with more service national economy
It rises people's lives and improves the realistic meaning of air quality.
The analysis method of PM2.5 uses trace oscillating balance method, β ray method in air, because surrounding air and thermal power plant produce
Raw smoke components and test condition difference are bigger, the comparison of the emission equivalent of PM2.5 and horizontal research in coal steam-electric plant smoke
It is few, and the present dedusting method in China is mainly electric precipitator, bag filter, electrostatic fabric filter etc., because the fineness of coal dust,
Milling systems mode, boiler load are the principal elements for influencing dust particles characteristic, so needing to select to be suitble to thermal power plant
The test equipment and test method of flue gas condition.It is to obtain accurately to monitor number that China, which currently administers the primary basis PM2.5,
According to, and this needs more accurate determination techniques method and apparatus instrument, therefore, it is necessary to study a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 surveys
Try device and method.
Summary of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, it can be realized the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of to PM2.5 in flue gas
Effectively acquisition, and thermal power plant's PM2.5 test device by judging the analysis of smoke components thermal power plant's PM2.5 discharge state
And method.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device, including pass through the sequentially connected sampling gun of sampling pipe, cyclone separator, the
One drier, DPI ram and moisture trap, the input end side of cyclone separator are provided with flue, on the side wall of flue
It is provided with thieff hatch, sampling gun is inserted into flue by thieff hatch, and the front end of sampling gun is equipped with sample nozzle, and sample nozzle is set
It is placed in the middle part in flue, heating packet is provided on the outside of sampling gun, cyclone separator and DPI ram, peace is wrapped in heating
Equipped with temperature control equipment, the other end of moisture trap has vacuum pump by piping connection.
Preferably, aforementioned DPI ram using aerodynamic diameter greater than 10 μm, between 2.5 μm and 10 μm
, crash panel and collection membrane between 1 μm and 2.5 μm, and meet technical conditions required in measuring technology range:
PM10 grades of incising control Da50=(10 ± 0.5) μm, the geometric standard deviation σ g=(1.5 ± 0.1) μm of arresting efficiency；PM2.5
Grade incising control Da50=(2.5 ± 0.2) μm；The geometric standard deviation of arresting efficiency is σ g=(1.2 ± 0.1) μm, hits diaphragm
Using the aluminium foil of grease, thickness is less than 0.1mm.
More preferably, aforementioned sample rifle is jacket type structure, including inner cylinder, outer cylinder and heating part, inner cylinder are quartz glass
Material, outer cylinder are stainless steel material, and the temperature and humidity analyzer being axially arranged in parallel along inner cylinder is provided between inner barrel and outer barrel and is finished
Trustship, sampling gun can be heated to 160 ± 10 DEG C automatically.
It is highly preferred that being provided with the second drier on the connecting line of aforementioned moisture trap and vacuum pump.
It is further preferred that being placed with silica-gel desiccant in aforementioned second drier and the first drier.
Specifically, flowmeter is provided on the connecting line of aforementioned first drier and DPI ram.
Preferably, the size of aforementioned sample mouth is 3.45~Φ of Φ 9.90, samples the selection of mouth size according to the temperature of flue gas
Degree, flow velocity, atmospheric pressure etc. are calculated, finally with the sampling mouth size closest to calculated value.
A kind of test method of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device, comprising the following steps:
S1, aluminium foil pretreatment: numbering the aluminium foil for being coated with L-type apiezon rouge for use before sampling, and aluminium foil is placed on temperature and is situated between
1h places into climatic chamber and balances for 24 hours, record equilibrium temperature and humidity to being completely dried in 110 ± 5 DEG C of baking oven；
Aluminium foil is weighed before S2, sampling: under above-mentioned equilibrium condition, aluminium foil is weighed with the assay balance that sensibility reciprocal is 0.001mg,
Aluminum foil weights are recorded, same aluminium foil is weighed after rebalancing 1h under the same terms again in climatic chamber, twice the difference of weight
Should be less than 0.004mg is to meet constant weight requirement, is put into special container and is saved for use after pretreatment；
S3, spot sampling: it is calculated according to the data such as flue-gas temperature, humidity, flow velocity, dynamic pressure, static pressure, total pressure and correlation formula
Then the aluminium foil of the number of finishing in advance is packed into DPI to select suitable sampling mouth and connect with sampling system by jet size
In ram, with sampling pipe be sequentially connected sampling gun, cyclone separator, the first drier, DPI ram, moisture trap and
Vacuum pump wraps sampling gun, cyclone separator and DPI ram with heating, controls temperature, find sampling point position accurately,
It is sampled after sampling gun is inserted into thieff hatch, after sampling, turns off instrument switch, extract sampling gun out, tweezer is used after cooling down
Son takes out aluminium foil, will there is the doubling twice of dirt face, is put into the sample box with mark and stores under closed environment, and carries out sampling note
Record；
Aluminium foil is weighed after S4, sampling: being weighed, is recorded after handling by the pretreated method of aluminium foil the aluminium foil after sampling
Aluminum foil weights, the increment for sampling forward and backward aluminium foil is the PM2.5 mass acquired.
Preferably, in abovementioned steps S1, equilibrium condition are as follows: temperature is 15~30 DEG C, relative humidity control for 30%~
45%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: a kind of structure of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device of the invention is simple, can operate
Property it is strong, have preferable feasibility, can be realized effective acquisition to PM2.5 in flue gas, and by the analysis to smoke components come
Judge the state of thermal power plant PM2.5 discharge, and then provide foundation for the granular material discharged control of thermal power plant, it is ensured that of thermal power plant
Grain object discharge maintains reduced levels, is conducive to improve atmospheric environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention.
The meaning of appended drawing reference in figure: 1, sample nozzle, 2, sampling gun, 3, cyclone separator, the 4, first drier, 5, stream
Meter, 6, DPI ram, 7, moisture trap, 8, vacuum pump, the 9, second drier, 10, flue.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention by specific embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device of the invention, including pass through the sequentially connected sampling of sampling pipe
Rifle 2, cyclone separator 3, the first drier 4, DPI ram 6 and moisture trap 7, the input end side of cyclone separator 3 are set
It is equipped with flue 10, thieff hatch is provided on the side wall of flue 10, sampling gun 2 is inserted into flue 10 by thieff hatch, sampling gun 2
Front end is equipped with sample nozzle 1, and sample nozzle 1 is set to the middle part in flue 10, and sampling gun 2, cyclone separator 3 and DPI are hit
The outside for hitting device 6 is provided with heating packet, and to guarantee that the moisture in flue gas does not coagulate, heating, which is wrapped, is equipped with temperature control
The other end of device, moisture trap 7 has vacuum pump 8 by piping connection.
DPI ram 6 using aerodynamic diameter greater than 10 μm, it is between 2.5 μm and 10 μm, between 1 μm
And crash panel and collection membrane between 2.5 μm, and meet technical conditions required in measuring technology range: PM10 grades of cutting grains
Diameter Da50=(10 ± 0.5) μm, the geometric standard deviation σ g=(1.5 ± 0.1) μm of arresting efficiency；PM2.5 grades of incising controls
Da50=(2.5 ± 0.2) μm；The geometric standard deviation of arresting efficiency is σ g=(1.2 ± 0.1) μm, hits diaphragm and uses grease
Aluminium foil, thickness be less than 0.1mm.
Sampling gun 2 is jacket type structure, including inner cylinder, outer cylinder and heating part, and inner cylinder is quartz glass material, and outer cylinder is not
It becomes rusty steel material, is provided with the temperature and humidity analyzer and Pitot tube being axially arranged in parallel along inner cylinder between inner barrel and outer barrel, sampling gun 2 can
Automatically 160 ± 10 DEG C are heated to.The size for sampling mouth is 3.45~Φ of Φ 9.90, samples the selection of mouth size according to the temperature of flue gas
Degree, flow velocity, atmospheric pressure etc. are calculated, finally with the sampling mouth size closest to calculated value.
The second drier 9 is provided on the connecting line of moisture trap 7 and vacuum pump 8, the second drier 9 and first is dry
Silica-gel desiccant is placed in dry device 4.Flowmeter is provided on the connecting line of first drier 4 and DPI ram 6.
3 main function of cyclone separator that the present invention selects is that collection cut size is greater than 10 μm of particulate matter, by corrosion-resistant and
Titanium or stainless steel resistant to high temperature are made.The heating packet that apparatus of the present invention are selected guarantees that heating temperature is 130 ± 10 DEG C, heating packet
It is made of high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant and insulation material.
A kind of test method of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device, comprising the following steps:
S1, aluminium foil pretreatment: numbering the aluminium foil for being coated with L-type apiezon rouge for use before sampling, and aluminium foil is placed on temperature and is situated between
1h places into climatic chamber and balances for 24 hours, record equilibrium temperature and humidity to being completely dried in 110 ± 5 DEG C of baking oven；
Aluminium foil is weighed before S2, sampling: under above-mentioned equilibrium condition, aluminium foil is weighed with the assay balance that sensibility reciprocal is 0.001mg,
Aluminum foil weights are recorded, same aluminium foil is weighed after rebalancing 1h under the same terms again in climatic chamber, twice the difference of weight
Should be less than 0.004mg is to meet constant weight requirement, is put into special container and is saved for use after pretreatment；
S3, spot sampling: it is calculated according to the data such as flue-gas temperature, humidity, flow velocity, dynamic pressure, static pressure, total pressure and correlation formula
Then the aluminium foil of the number of finishing in advance is packed into DPI to select suitable sampling mouth and connect with sampling system by jet size
In ram 6, sampling gun 2, cyclone separator 3, the first drier 4, DPI ram 6, gas-water separation are sequentially connected with sampling pipe
Device 7 and vacuum pump 8 wrap sampling gun 2, cyclone separator 3 and DPI ram 6 with heating, control temperature, find accurately and adopt
Sampling point position samples after sampling gun 2 is inserted into thieff hatch, after sampling, turns off instrument switch, extracts sampling gun 2 out, to
Aluminium foil is taken out with tweezers after cooling, there will be the doubling twice of dirt face, the sample box with mark is put into and is stored under closed environment, and
Carry out sample record；
Aluminium foil is weighed after S4, sampling: being weighed, is recorded after handling by the pretreated method of aluminium foil the aluminium foil after sampling
Aluminum foil weights, the increment for sampling forward and backward aluminium foil is the PM2.5 mass acquired.
Preferably, in abovementioned steps S1, equilibrium condition are as follows: temperature is 15~30 DEG C, relative humidity control for 30%~
45%.
A kind of structure of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device of the invention is simple, strong operability, has preferable feasibility,
It can be realized effective acquisition to PM2.5 in flue gas, and by judging the analysis of smoke components thermal power plant PM2.5 discharge
State, and then foundation is provided for the granular material discharged control of thermal power plant, it is ensured that the granular material discharged of thermal power plant maintains lower water
It is flat, it is conducive to improve atmospheric environment.
To verify effectiveness of the invention, successively in following power plant's actual test:
Embodiment 1:
A power plant: power plant #3, #4 furnace, 2 three E field electrostatic precipitators of dual chamber of original package, due to actually using heat at present
Value causes ash quantity to greatly increase far below the mixed coal of design, and power plant in 2012 proposes effect to the progress increase-volume of #3, #4 furnace electric precipitator and changes
It makes, Retrofit on electrostatic precipitator engineering is integrated with the state-of-the-art technologies such as low-level (stack-gas) economizer, traveling electrode, knockouts and high frequency electric source, with
Meet the newest discharge standard of country, achieves energy-saving and emission reduction purposes.Experiment is carried out using ELPI method, and test condition is every group of number
Per second to take one group of data according to test 2 minutes, result is its average value, 135MW unit test result is as follows table:
Embodiment 2
B power plant: the Power Plant capacity is 300MW, and boiler is Sub-critical Parameter, control loop, quadrangle tangential firing side
Formula, a resuperheat, single burner hearth balanced draft, dry ash extraction, outdoor arrangement, all steel framework ∏ type drum boiler, boiler by
Shanghai Boiler Plant's design, manufacture, ash disposal system is gas force remove ash, and test result is as follows for 300MW unit:
Embodiment 3:
C power plant: the unit capacity is 630MW, and mating boiler is manufactured and designed by Ba Wei company of the U.S., and boiler shape is faced for Asia
Boundary, single reheat, Natural Circulation, balanced draft, single drum, semi-outdoor coal-powder boiler, fume environment protection facility is mainly: with 1 set
Four E field electrostatic precipitator of dual chamber (efficiency of dust collection >=99.7%, precipitator power supplies are changed to high frequency electric source), system use U.S. B&W
The limestone-gypsum of company forces oxidation desulfuration process (desulfuration efficiency is 95% or more) on the spot, while using ELPI and Ben Fa
Bright (DPI- gravimetric method) two methods are tested, 600MW unit test result is as follows table:
Embodiment 4:
D power plant: D power plant capacity is 1000MW, and boiler is Harbin Boiler Co., Ltd. (technical support side MHI
Company) production ultra supercritical parameter variable-pressure operation, with intermediate mixing header vertical water wall Once-through Boiler, single burner hearth, one
Secondary resuperheat, using octagonal double flame tangential firing modes, balanced draft, dry ash extraction, all steel overhung construction Π type boiler,
Outdoor cloth placed fire coal boiler, D power plant 1000MW unit test result is as follows table:
Embodiment 5
E power plant: E power plant capacity is 1000MW, and boiler is that the supercritical parameter variable-pressure operation of Harbin Boiler Plant production is straight
Flow furnace, single burner hearth, tangential firing, single reheat, balanced draft, outdoor arrangement, dry ash extraction, all steel framework, full overhung construction
Π type arrangement, test method are of the invention (DPI- gravimetric method), 1000MW unit test result is as follows table:
The test data of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4 and embodiment 5 is analyzed respectively:
Electric precipitator outlet and desulfurization outlet to A, B power plant carry out charged using ELPI- in PM2.5 concentration determination
Method, the results show that difference is smaller each other for same group of measured data, the repeatability for showing the test method is relatively good.
To in the PM2.5 concentration determination of C, D power plant, (DPI- weight of the invention is taken in 10 exit of electric precipitator flue
Method)；The charged method of ELPI-, acquired determination data range and associated change trend are taken in desulfurization exit and to A, B power plant
Measured result is almost the same, and desulfurization exit measures concentration lower than 10 exit concentration of electric precipitator flue, and under running on the lower load
Concentration is measured lower than high load capacity operating condition, is consistent in actual conditions, in addition numerical stability measured by same loci, reproducibility is good,
Reflect compared with the charged method of ELPI-, (DPI- gravimetric method) of the invention can equally obtain the measurement number being consistent with actual conditions
According in identical environment, the latter can also be used as a kind of suitable, feasible test approach.
(DPI- gravimetric method) of the invention is used to the PM2.5 concentration determination of E power plant completely, goes out to survey in 10 entrance of desulfurization duct
Same 10 export situation of A~D power plant electric precipitator flue of value range is almost the same, and it is low to measure concentration in low- load conditions
High load capacity operating condition in same site further decreases in the PM2.5 concentration that 10 exit of flue measures, is consistent with actual conditions.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the above embodiments do not limit the invention in any form, all obtained by the way of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation
Technical solution is fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device, which is characterized in that including passing through the sequentially connected sampling gun of sampling pipe, whirlwind
The input end side of separator, the first drier, DPI ram and moisture trap, the cyclone separator is provided with flue,
Thieff hatch is provided on the side wall of the flue, the sampling gun is inserted into flue by thieff hatch, and the front end of sampling gun is installed
There is a sample nozzle, the sample nozzle is set to the middle part in flue, the sampling gun, cyclone separator and DPI ram
Outside is provided with heating packet, and the heating, which is wrapped, is equipped with temperature control equipment, and the other end of the moisture trap passes through
Piping connection has vacuum pump.
2. a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the DPI ram uses
Aerodynamic diameter greater than 10 μm, crash panels between 2.5 μm and 10 μm, between 1 μm and 2.5 μm and receipts
Collect film.
3. a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sampling gun is collet
Formula structure, including inner cylinder, outer cylinder and heating part, the inner cylinder are quartz glass material, and the outer cylinder is stainless steel material, described
The temperature and humidity analyzer and Pitot tube being axially arranged in parallel along inner cylinder are provided between inner barrel and outer barrel.
4. a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the moisture trap and
The second drier is provided on the connecting line of vacuum pump.
5. a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that second drier and
Silica-gel desiccant is placed in first drier.
6. a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first drier and
Flowmeter is provided on the connecting line of DPI ram.
7. a kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the size of the sampling mouth
For 3.45~Φ of Φ 9.90.
8. a kind of test method of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, feature
It is, comprising the following steps:
S1, aluminium foil pretreatment: the aluminium foil for being coated with L-type apiezon rouge for use is numbered before sampling, aluminium foil is placed on temperature between 110
1h places into climatic chamber and balances for 24 hours, record equilibrium temperature and humidity to being completely dried in ± 5 DEG C of baking oven；
Aluminium foil is weighed before S2, sampling: under above-mentioned equilibrium condition, weighing aluminium foil, record with the assay balance that sensibility reciprocal is 0.001mg
Aluminum foil weights, same aluminium foil are weighed after rebalancing 1h under the same terms again in climatic chamber, and the difference of weight is answered small twice
It is to meet constant weight requirement in 0.004mg, is put into special container and is saved for use after pretreatment；
S3, spot sampling: nozzle is calculated according to the data such as flue-gas temperature, humidity, flow velocity, dynamic pressure, static pressure, total pressure and correlation formula
Then the aluminium foil of the number of finishing in advance is packed into DPI and hit by size to select suitable sampling mouth and connect with sampling system
In device, sampling gun, cyclone separator, the first drier, DPI ram, moisture trap and vacuum are sequentially connected with sampling pipe
Pump wraps sampling gun, cyclone separator and DPI ram with heating, controls temperature, find sampling point position accurately, will adopt
It is sampled after sample rifle insertion thieff hatch, after sampling, turns off instrument switch, extract sampling gun out, taken after cooling down with tweezers
Aluminium foil out will have the doubling twice of dirt face, is put into the sample box with mark and stores under closed environment, and carries out sample record；
Aluminium foil is weighed after S4, sampling: being weighed after handling by the pretreated method of aluminium foil the aluminium foil after sampling, is recorded aluminium foil
Weight, the increment for sampling forward and backward aluminium foil is the PM2.5 mass acquired.
9. a kind of test method of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the step
In rapid S1, equilibrium condition are as follows: temperature is 15~30 DEG C, and relative humidity control is 30%~45%.
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| CN209198270U (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-08-02 | 中建材环保研究院（江苏）有限公司 | A kind of thermal power plant PM2.5 test device |
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