CN109163976B - Scaffold safety state mechanical property test method - Google Patents
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- CN109163976B CN109163976B CN201810959165.XA CN201810959165A CN109163976B CN 109163976 B CN109163976 B CN 109163976B CN 201810959165 A CN201810959165 A CN 201810959165A CN 109163976 B CN109163976 B CN 109163976B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a scaffold safety state mechanical property test method, which comprises the following steps: 1) building a test model, arranging a gasket type pressure sensor at a bolt of the fastener, and externally connecting a static strain test acquisition instrument; 2) adjusting the tightening torque by using a torque wrench, applying pressure step by using a press machine within the range of the load p, and observing the condition of acquired data; 3) unloading, respectively adjusting the tightening torque at the fastener to other torques, and repeating the test. According to the invention, the tightening torque is adjusted, the press is used for applying pressure step by step, and the gasket type pressure sensor is arranged at the bolt of the fastener for collecting pressure information, so that an experimental result of the mechanical property of the scaffold in the safe state is obtained, and a guiding function is provided for the safety property of the scaffold in the construction engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of scaffold mechanical property testing, in particular to a scaffold safety state mechanical property testing method.
Background
At present, national economy develops at a high speed, and along with the development and expansion of the construction industry and the infrastructure scale, the construction safety of the scaffold also becomes the key point of attention of people. In recent years, the collapse accidents of the fastener type steel pipe scaffold in China show a remarkable rising trend.
Aiming at the situation, it is necessary to perform a mechanical experiment on the butt-joint fastener or the right-angle fastener of the fastener-type scaffold in a safe state, and the material properties of the steel pipe and the fastener of the fastener-type scaffold are systematically tested and researched by adopting the material characteristics and the set up technical requirements of the existing steel pipe scaffold and combining the experimental conditions of a laboratory.
Through experimental study to fastener formula steel pipe scaffold steel pipe and fastener mechanical properties, plan to reach following mesh: (1) analyzing the influence of the lap joint mode of the scaffold on the bearing capacity of the scaffold through experiments; (2) and determining the mechanical characteristics of the fastener joint under different tightening torques. The method is adjusted according to the experimental result, so that the occurrence of the collapse accident of the fastener type steel pipe scaffold is reduced, and the construction safety is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the mechanical property of a scaffold in a safe state, and aims to solve the problem that the mechanical property of a fastener type steel pipe scaffold in the prior art is tested in the safe state.
The scaffold safety state mechanical property test method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) building a test model, arranging a gasket type pressure sensor at a bolt of the fastener, and externally connecting a static strain test acquisition instrument;
2) adjusting the tightening torque by using a torque wrench, applying pressure step by using a press machine within the range of the load p, and observing the condition of acquired data;
3) unloading, respectively adjusting the tightening torque at the fastener to other torques, and repeating the test.
Furthermore, the test model comprises a butt joint fastener pure bending action test model, a right-angle fastener vertical load action test model and a butt joint/right-angle fastener vertical load action test model.
Furthermore, the butt joint fastener pure bending effect experimental model comprises a press machine, a force application seat and a group of longitudinal horizontal rods connected by the butt joint fastener, wherein the force application seat is positioned at the top of the longitudinal horizontal rods and applies pressure to the group of longitudinal horizontal rods through the press machine.
Further, the force application seat comprises a seat body and pressure plates which are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the seat body in parallel, the pressure plates are perpendicular to the longitudinal horizontal rods, the butt-joint fasteners are located in the middle of the pressure plates on the two sides of the bottom of the seat body, and the output end of the press is located right above the seat body.
Further, the vertical load effect experiment model of the right-angle fastener comprises a rectangular frame, a group of force application rod pieces and a press machine, wherein the rectangular frame is built by a vertical rod, a vertical horizontal rod, a horizontal rod and the right-angle fastener, the group of force application rod pieces are installed at the top of the rectangular frame in parallel, and the force application point of the press machine is located in the middle of the force application rod pieces.
Furthermore, the force application rod piece is parallel to the longitudinal horizontal rod, and the right-angle fastener is installed at the fastening point where the vertical rod, the longitudinal horizontal rod and the transverse horizontal rod are abutted.
Further, butt joint/right angle fastener vertical load effect experiment model includes the rectangular frame that is built by the pole setting, the vertical horizontal pole that adopts butt joint fastener to connect, horizontal pole and right angle fastener and forms, a set of application of force member and the press of parallel mount at the top of rectangular frame, the point of application of force of press is located the middle part of application of force member.
Further, the adjusting range of the tightening torque is 20-50 N.m.
Further, the range value of the load p of the butt joint fastener pure bending action experimental model is 0-5KN, the range value of the load p of the right angle fastener vertical load action experimental model is 0-20KN, and the range value of the load p of the butt joint/right angle fastener vertical load action experimental model is 0-6 KN.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the scaffold safe state mechanical property test method, the test is carried out by building a butt joint fastener pure bending effect experiment model, a right angle fastener vertical load effect experiment model and a butt joint/right angle fastener vertical load effect experiment model, the tightening torque and the press are adjusted to apply pressure step by step, and a gasket type pressure sensor is arranged at a bolt of the fastener to collect pressure information, so that an experiment result of scaffold safe state mechanical property is obtained, and a guiding effect is provided for the safety property of a scaffold of construction engineering.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a scaffold safety state mechanical property test method provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a scaffold safety state mechanical property test method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental model of a scaffold safety state mechanical property test method provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a loading curve of a first butt fastener under different working conditions in a pure bending test of the butt fastener;
FIG. 5 is a loading curve of a second butt fastener under different working conditions in a pure bending effect experiment of the butt fastener;
FIG. 6 is a loading curve of a sensor of the right-angle fastener under different working conditions in a vertical load action experiment of the right-angle fastener;
FIG. 7 is a loading curve of a second sensor of the right-angle fastener under different working conditions in a vertical load effect experiment of the right-angle fastener;
FIG. 8 is a loading curve of a third butt joint fastener under different working conditions in a vertical load action experiment of the butt joint/right angle fastener;
fig. 9 is a loading curve of a fourth butt joint fastener under different working conditions in a vertical load action experiment of the butt joint/right angle fastener.
In the figure: 1-butt joint fastener I, 2-butt joint fastener II, 3-right angle fastener, 4-butt joint fastener III, 5-butt joint fastener IV, 6-first sensor and 7-second sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
The scaffold safety state mechanical property test method comprises the following steps:
1) building a test model, arranging a gasket type pressure sensor at a bolt of the fastener, and externally connecting a static strain test acquisition instrument;
2) adjusting the tightening torque by using a torque wrench, applying pressure step by using a press machine within the range of the load p, and observing the condition of acquired data;
3) unloading, respectively adjusting the tightening torque at the fastener to other torques, and repeating the test.
The test model comprises a butt joint fastener pure bending action test model, a right-angle fastener vertical load action test model and a butt joint/right-angle fastener vertical load action test model. The experiment was carried out 3 groups altogether, and the same steel pipe was used during the experiment, and different fasteners were used, monitored the fastener tightening moment and are 20,30,40, four kinds of condition of 50N.m, in order to reflect the actual conditions of job site accurately, and the steel pipe and the fastener that this embodiment experimental model used are the old steel pipe and the fastener that the job site was used, and the scene was extracted at random. The bearing capacity is stabilized to its single pole experimental and required material of the influence test and the fastener of overlap joint mode to the bearing capacity are provided by this construction site, and the fastener experiment is gone on in Beijing science and technology university's structure laboratory.
In the embodiment, according to the unified safety technology standard for scaffold for building construction GB51210-2016, the outer diameter of the steel pipe is 48.3mm, and the allowable deviation is +/-0.5 mm; the wall thickness was 3.6mm, with a tolerance of + -0.36 mm. The steel pipes used in the test are all old steel pipes used in construction sites, the maximum wall thickness is 3.7mm, the minimum wall thickness is 3.35mm, the outer diameter of the maximum steel pipe is 48.55mm, and the outer diameter of the minimum steel pipe is 48.2mm, and all meet the standard requirements.
The used fastener of experiment comes from the job site equally, and the fastener quality should accord with relevant requirements such as "steel pipe scaffold fastener", and the fastener should not have the phenomenon such as bolt slippery thread, not hard up, and the fastener surface does not have rusty, does not have the crack, and this fastener divide into right angle fastener and butt joint fastener, and right angle fastener is used for the connection between the vertical cross member (the horizontal pole is connected with the pole setting), and butt joint fastener is used for being connected between horizontal pole and the horizontal pole. When the test fastener enters the field, careful inspection is needed to ensure that the quality and the size of the fastener meet the requirements.
The test model is set up by constructors and partially by laboratory personnel, the set up deviation is controlled by visual observation, the vertical deviation is calibrated by a plumb bob, and the tightening torque of the fastener is controlled by a torque wrench. The rod test loading device is mainly a hydraulic jack, and the load change condition of the fastener is controlled by a pressure sensor.
Referring to fig. 1, the experimental model for pure bending action of the butt joint fastener comprises a press machine (not numbered in the figure), a force application seat (not numbered in the figure) and a group of longitudinal horizontal rods connected by the butt joint fastener, a group of longitudinal horizontal rods connected by the butt joint fastener are respectively provided with a first butt joint fastener 1 and a second butt joint fastener 2, the length of the longitudinal horizontal rod connected by the butt joint fastener is 2200mm, the force application seat applies pressure to the group of longitudinal horizontal rods through the press machine at the top of the longitudinal horizontal rods, the force application seat comprises a seat body and pressure plates which are parallelly installed on two sides of the bottom of the seat body, the length of the pressure plates on two sides from the end point of the longitudinal horizontal rod is 800mm, the pressure plates are mutually perpendicular to the longitudinal horizontal rods, the butt joint fastener is located in the middle.
Referring to fig. 2, right angle buckle vertical load effect experiment model includes by the pole setting, vertical horizontal pole, the rectangular frame that horizontal pole and right angle buckle 3 were built and are formed, parallel mount is at a set of application of force member and the press at rectangular frame's top, the length of vertical horizontal pole is 850mm, the width is 900mm, be equipped with sensor 6 and No. two sensor 7 on the right angle buckle 3, the application of force point of press is located the middle part of application of force member, application of force member is parallel with vertical horizontal pole, right angle buckle 3 installs in the pole setting, vertical horizontal pole, the tight lock joint department near three poles of horizontal pole.
Referring to fig. 3, butt joint/right angle fastener vertical load effect experimental model includes by the pole setting, a set of vertical horizontal pole that adopts butt joint fastener three 4, butt joint fastener four 5 to connect, the rectangular frame that horizontal pole and right angle fastener built and form, a set of application of force member and the press of parallel mount at rectangular frame's top, this rectangular frame's length is 2700mm, the width is 900mm, the point of application of force of press is located the middle part of application of force member, butt joint fastener three 4, butt joint fastener four 5 are located stress point left side 200mm department.
A pressure sensor is arranged at the fixed node, and the sensor is arranged at the position of a fastener bolt in the mounting mode. The fastener is respectively according to tightening torque and is 20,30,40, fastening is carried out to 50N.m, and pressure sensor obtains initial pressure value to carry out 4 different experiments respectively, carry out contrastive analysis. The experiment process is for exerting load p step by step with the press, obtains under load p effect, the pressure value that the sensor receives to obtain the pressurized fastening condition of fastener when receiving outer load under the condition of different tightening moments.
The ranges of applied loads for the different test protocols are shown in the following table.
| Numbering | Name of experiment | Value of |
| 1 | Experiment of pure bending action of butt joint fastener | 0- |
| 2 | Experiment of vertical load effect of right-angle fastener | 0- |
| 3 | Vertical load effect experiment of butt joint/right angle fastener | 0-6KN |
The adjusting range of the tightening torque is 20-50N.m, the range value of the load p of the butt joint fastener pure bending action experimental model is 0-5KN, the range value of the load p of the right angle fastener vertical load action experimental model is 0-20KN, and the range value of the load p of the butt joint/right angle fastener vertical load action experimental model is 0-6 KN. The test is carried out step by step, in the first step, a test model is built, a gasket type pressure sensor is arranged at a bolt of a fastener, and a static strain test acquisition instrument is externally connected; secondly, adjusting the tightening torque to be 20N.m by using a torque wrench, applying pressure step by using a press machine within the range of the load p, and observing the condition of acquired data; and thirdly, unloading, adjusting the tightening torque of the fastener to 30 and 40N.m respectively, and repeating the test.
(1) The test process and the result analysis of the pure bending action of the butt joint fastener are as follows:
and applying pressure values to the built structure under the conditions of 20N.m, 30N.m, 40N.m and 50N.m respectively, wherein the joint connection part shows an obvious bending phenomenon along with the increase of the pressure value p.
According to fig. 4 and 5, under the action of pure bending load of the butt-joint fastener, different inflection points exist under different tightening moments, the loading curve of the butt-joint fastener II 2 in fig. 4 is more intuitive, the load is loaded to about 0.5KN, the inflection point is reached, and then the slope linearly increases. This shows that the semi-rigid node has a low rigidity at the initial stage of stress, and the torque wrench has an unloading state after reaching a specified tightening torque value, and the node is pressed tightly with the continuation of loading, and the pressure value at the node is increased rapidly.
Meanwhile, the smaller the tightening torque is, the faster the slope increases with the increase of the vertical load, and the earlier the bending state is reached, while the larger the initial tightening torque is, the more backward the inflection point is, and the duration time of the unloading state is long.
(2) Vertical load effect test process and result analysis of the right-angle fastener:
and respectively applying pressure values to the built structure under the conditions of 20N.m, 30N.m, 40N.m and 50N.m, wherein the bending deformation of the rod cross bar is generated when external load is loaded to 15KN along with the increase of the pressure value p.
According to the figures 6 and 7, the pressure value of the right-angle fastener is slightly changed in the external load loading process, wherein, as shown in figure 7, under the action of 20N.m, the external load is loaded to 15KN, and when an inflection point is formed, the bar cross rod is subjected to flexural deformation. The right-angle fastener is loose in the whole loading process, and particularly under the action of initial tightening torque of 20N.m and 30N.m, the phenomenon is obvious.
(3) Vertical load action test process and result analysis of the butt joint/right angle fastener:
in this experimental scheme, under the concentrated load effect, after the power that receives by right angle fastener conducts butt joint fastener, according to fig. 8 and fig. 9, the pressure value that the fastener receives hardly changes. In contrast, the flexural deformation of the rod member is larger.
To summarize: the scaffold is a hyperstatic structure, and in the service process, the whole frame structure is in a stable state (the stress/displacement change is small), the stress/displacement can not change or changes a little, and when the external disturbance is too large, the structure can generate sudden change (the displacement change is large).
(1) In each above-mentioned experimental scheme, wherein under the pure bending load effect of butt joint fastener, tightening torque is less, along with vertical load increase, slope increases faster. And compared with a right-angle fastener, the scaffold structure is easier to be damaged under the direct load action of the butt-joint fastener.
(2) When by the right angle fastener atress, pressure variation is less, and is the same, conducts butt joint fastener by the right angle fastener atress, and the pressure value of butt joint fastener almost does not change.
In conclusion, in the static loading process of the scaffold, the influence of the change of the butt joint fastener on the whole is larger, and the safety relation with the engineering is tighter.
By adopting the scaffold safe state mechanical property test method, the test is carried out by building a butt joint fastener pure bending effect experiment model, a right angle fastener vertical load effect experiment model and a butt joint/right angle fastener vertical load effect experiment model, the tightening torque and the press are adjusted to apply pressure step by step, and a gasket type pressure sensor is arranged at a bolt of the fastener to collect pressure information, so that an experiment result of scaffold safe state mechanical property is obtained, and a guiding effect is provided for the safety property of a scaffold of construction engineering.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The scaffold safety state mechanical property test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) building a test model, arranging a gasket type pressure sensor at a bolt of the fastener, and externally connecting a static strain test acquisition instrument;
2) adjusting the tightening torque by using a torque wrench, applying pressure step by using a press machine within the range of the load p, and observing the condition of acquired data; thereby obtaining the compression fastening condition of the fastener under the condition of different tightening torques and under the external load;
3) unloading, respectively adjusting the tightening torque of the fastener to other torques, and repeating the test;
the test model comprises a butt joint fastener pure bending action test model, a right-angle fastener vertical load action test model and a butt joint/right-angle fastener vertical load action test model;
the steel pipes and the fasteners are all old steel pipes and fasteners used in a construction site, and are randomly extracted on site;
respectively analyzing the pure bending action test process and result of the butt joint fastener, the vertical load action test process and result of the right-angle fastener, and the vertical load action test process and result of the butt joint/right-angle fastener, so as to obtain the test result of the mechanical property of the scaffold under the safe state: in the static loading process of the scaffold, the change of the butt joint fastener has larger influence on the whole and has closer safety relation with engineering.
2. The scaffold safety state mechanical property test method according to claim 1, wherein the butt joint fastener pure bending action test model comprises a press, a force application seat and a group of longitudinal horizontal rods connected by the butt joint fastener, wherein the force application seat is positioned at the top of the longitudinal horizontal rods and applies pressure to the group of longitudinal horizontal rods through the press.
3. The scaffold safe-state mechanical property test method according to claim 2, wherein the force application base comprises a base body and pressure plates which are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the base body in parallel, the pressure plates are perpendicular to the longitudinal horizontal rods, the butt fasteners are located in the middle of the pressure plates on the two sides of the bottom of the base body, and the output end of the press is located right above the base body.
4. The scaffold safety state mechanical property test method according to claim 1, wherein the vertical load action experiment model of the right-angle fastener comprises a rectangular frame constructed by vertical rods, longitudinal horizontal rods, transverse horizontal rods and the right-angle fastener, a group of force application rod pieces and a press machine which are installed at the top of the rectangular frame in parallel, and a force application point of the press machine is located in the middle of the force application rod pieces.
5. The scaffold safety state mechanical property test method according to claim 4, wherein the force application rod piece is parallel to the longitudinal horizontal rod, and the right-angle fastener is installed at the fastening point where the vertical rod, the longitudinal horizontal rod and the transverse horizontal rod abut against.
6. The scaffold safety state mechanical property test method according to claim 1, wherein the butt joint/right angle fastener vertical load effect experiment model comprises a rectangular frame which is built by vertical rods, longitudinal horizontal rods which are connected by adopting butt joint fasteners, transverse horizontal rods and right angle fasteners, a group of force application rod pieces which are installed at the top of the rectangular frame in parallel and a press machine, wherein the force application point of the press machine is located in the middle of the force application rod pieces.
7. The scaffold safety state mechanical property test method according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment range of the tightening torque is 20-50 N.m.
8. The scaffold safety state mechanical property test method according to claim 1, wherein the range of p load of the experimental model for pure bending action of the butt joint fastener is 0-5KN, the range of p load of the experimental model for vertical loading action of the right angle fastener is 0-20KN, and the range of p load of the experimental model for vertical loading action of the butt joint/right angle fastener is 0-6 KN.
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| CN109974998A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-05 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of lower full hall scaffold stability testing method of right-angle coupler failure |
| CN113176086B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-09-20 | 国家电网有限公司 | Electric insulation scaffold testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN118500481B (en) * | 2024-07-16 | 2024-09-17 | 广东科信通实业有限公司 | Anti-falling alarm system for high-altitude operation |
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