CN109163665B - Civil structure point three-dimensional displacement monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology - Google Patents
Civil structure point three-dimensional displacement monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN109163665B CN109163665B CN201810623716.5A CN201810623716A CN109163665B CN 109163665 B CN109163665 B CN 109163665B CN 201810623716 A CN201810623716 A CN 201810623716A CN 109163665 B CN109163665 B CN 109163665B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of civil structure monitoring, and particularly provides a civil structure point three-dimensional displacement monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology is successfully applied to the quantitative monitoring of the three-dimensional displacement of the points of the civil structure, quantitative analysis is made through a formula, a new function of the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is excavated, and the change condition of the civil structure is comprehensively reflected. Meanwhile, an optional monitoring method is provided for the civil structure which needs to resist electromagnetic interference, resist high temperature and corrosion and needs to be monitored for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil structure monitoring, in particular to a civil structure point three-dimensional displacement monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology.
Background
The distributed optical fiber sensing technology is a sensing technology which utilizes optical fibers as sensing elements and signal transmission media, can realize state change monitoring of various distributed measuring points along the optical fibers, and is widely applied to the fields of landslide, geological settlement, power transmission lines, petroleum pipelines and the like which need long-distance and large-range distributed monitoring. Most of distributed optical fiber sensing technologies have difficulty in obtaining strain analysis displacement from measurement and quantitatively monitoring various displacement fields because the geometric properties of the constructed optical fiber sensing network do not meet the statically determinate structural requirements. At present, the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is mainly used for qualitative monitoring such as early warning and the like, and is less applied to quantitative detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for monitoring three-dimensional displacement of a civil structure point based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology, which successfully applies the distributed optical fiber sensing technology to the quantitative monitoring of the three-dimensional displacement of the civil structure point, makes quantitative analysis through a formula, excavates new functions of the distributed optical fiber sensing technology, and comprehensively reflects the change condition of a civil structure. Meanwhile, an optional monitoring method is provided for the civil structure which needs to resist electromagnetic interference, resist high temperature and corrosion and needs to be monitored for a long time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a civil structure point three-dimensional displacement monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology utilizes a distributed optical fiber sensor based on Brillouin scattering, and comprises the following steps:
s1, driving a reference pile in a certain range from the tested soil-wood structure, arranging at least three reference points for connecting the sensing optical cables at the upper part of the reference pile, and forming a polygonal cone structure by the reference points and the tested soil-wood structure points. At least three points are adopted on the reference pile to form the bottom surface of the multi-pyramid, at least one point is selected on the tested soil-wood structure to form the top point of the multi-pyramid, and the displacement change between the points on the reference pile is negligible.
S2, according to the need of monitoring distribution point, the optical cable is laid out, and the distributed optical fiber sensor is connected on the optical cable to form the sensing optical cable. According to the requirement of monitoring distribution points, the optical cable is paid off, and enough temperature compensation optical cable and backup optical cable are reserved, the distributed optical fiber sensor is connected, and the distributed optical fiber sensor and the sensing optical cable are debugged, so that the whole section of the sensing optical cable and the whole section of the transmission optical cable are not subjected to excessive optical loss. Generally, a BOTDA distributed optical fiber sensor can be adopted, and a monitoring optical cable needs to form a loop; BOTDR distributed optical fiber sensors can also be adopted, and the monitoring optical cable does not need to form a loop.
S3, fixing the two ends of the sensing optical cable on the tested soil-wood structure point and the reference point of the reference pile respectively, so that the sensing optical cable is subjected to a certain pre-tension force, and starting pre-monitoring. The equipment is started, the sensing optical cable is fixed while monitoring, the sensing optical cable section is subjected to a certain pre-tensioning force, the strain generated by the pre-tensioning force is in the middle of the whole strain range, and therefore the distance between the sensing optical cable sections is increased or reduced, and the strain can be expressed on the frequency shift of the distributed optical fiber sensor of Brillouin scattering.
S4, standing for a period of time to enable the sensing optical cable to complete most of relaxation creep and start formal monitoring. And standing for one month to enable the sensing optical cable section to complete most of relaxation creep. The sensing optical cable can generate a relaxation creep phenomenon that the stress is unchanged and the strain is increased under the tension strain state, and formal monitoring is started after most of the relaxation creep phenomenon is completed.
S5, the strain quantity of the optical cable is obtained through monitoring of the distributed optical fiber sensor, and the displacement of the tested soil and wood structure point in three directions is inversely calculated according to the strain of the polygonal cone structure.
Furthermore, the reference pile is an open steel pipe concrete pile, the pile end is fixed by concrete pressurization, and the fixing depth of the reference pile is determined by the weathering degree of bedrock. The method comprises the steps of driving a reference pile in a certain range away from a monitored civil structure, requiring the reference pile to be embedded into bedrock to a certain depth, determining the embedding depth by the weathering degree of the bedrock, enabling hard rock and harder rock to be not less than 0.2m, enabling medium-stroke rock to be not less than 0.5m, adopting an open steel pipe concrete pile, pressurizing and spraying concrete at the pile end, fully vibrating and ensuring that the reference pile is firmly connected with the bedrock.
Furthermore, a first clamp for fixing the sensing optical cable is arranged at each reference point of the monitored civil structure point and the reference pile; and two ends of the sensing optical cable are respectively provided with a second clamp which is fixedly connected with the first clamp. The fixed position and direction of the clamp are required to enable the optical cable to be smoothly fixed, excessive bending is avoided, and optical loss caused by bending is reduced.
Further, enough temperature compensation optical cables and backup optical cables are left in the optical cable pay-off in the S2.
Further, the fixing state of the sensing optical cable in S3 is kept smooth.
Further, in the step S5, a three-dimensional displacement equation set is established by using the geometric properties of the polygonal pyramid structure, and the equation set is solved to obtain displacement values in three directions at the civil structure point.
Further, the method for solving the equation set is a newton iteration method.
The specific solving process is as follows: three reference points A, B, C for connecting sensing optical cables are arranged at the upper part of the reference pile and are connected with each other to form a cross arm AB, an inclined strut AC and an inclined strut BC, a D point on the tested soil-wood structure is displaced to an E point, a sensing optical cable section AD is deformed to an AE, and the strain increment is
The transmitting optical cable segment BD is deformed to BE with the strain increment of
The transmitting cable section CD is deformed to CE with the strain increment of
In the above two formulae,. DELTA.. epsilonAD、ΔεBD、ΔεCDObtained by monitoring a distributed optical fiber sensor BOTDR or BOTDA (x)A，yA，zA) Is the coordinate of point A, (x)B，yB，zB) Is the coordinate of point B, (x)C，yC，zC) Is the coordinate of point C, (x)D，yD，zD) Are D point coordinates, all known quantities, (x)E，yE，zE) Is the coordinate of point E, is unknownAmount of the compound (A). The analog triangular cone structure is a space statically determinate truss structure, so that a nonlinear equation set consisting of the three nonlinear equations has the same equation number and unknown quantity number, and can be solved by a Newton iteration method or other numerical methods for solving the nonlinear equations.
The displacement of the monitored point in three directions is
Δx＝xE-xD
Δy＝yE-yD
Δz＝zE-zD
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the optical fiber sensor can be adopted to quantitatively monitor the spatial three-dimensional displacement of the civil structure points simultaneously, thereby comprehensively reflecting the change condition of the civil structure. 2. The temperature compensation optical cable can be used for simultaneously and accurately analyzing the temperature and simultaneously monitoring the temperature field of the civil structure. 3. The sensing optical cable has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, no need of a power supply and the like, and is suitable for monitoring of hidden engineering. 4. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology is successfully applied to the quantitative monitoring of the three-dimensional displacement of the civil structure point, quantitative analysis is made through a formula, and a new function of the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is developed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of the connection of the sensing optical cables before and after deformation of the civil structure.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present embodiment provides a method for monitoring three-dimensional displacement of a civil structure point based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology, which includes, but is not limited to, the following steps:
s1, driving a reference pile in a certain range from the tested soil-wood structure, arranging at least three reference points for connecting the sensing optical cables at the upper part of the reference pile, and forming a polygonal cone structure by the reference points and the tested soil-wood structure points. At least three points are adopted on the reference pile to form the bottom surface of the multi-pyramid, at least one point is selected on the tested soil-wood structure to form the top point of the multi-pyramid, and the displacement change between the points on the reference pile is negligible.
The standard pile is an open steel pipe concrete pile, the pile end is fixed by concrete pressurization, and the fixing depth of the standard pile is determined by the weathering degree of bedrock. The method comprises the steps of driving a reference pile in a certain range away from a monitored civil structure, requiring the reference pile to be embedded into bedrock to a certain depth, determining the embedding depth by the weathering degree of the bedrock, enabling hard rock and harder rock to be not less than 0.2m, enabling medium-stroke rock to be not less than 0.5m, adopting an open steel pipe concrete pile, pressurizing and spraying concrete at the pile end, fully vibrating and ensuring that the reference pile is firmly connected with the bedrock.
S2, according to the need of monitoring distribution point, the optical cable is laid out, and the distributed optical fiber sensor is connected on the optical cable to form the sensing optical cable. According to the requirement of monitoring distribution points, the optical cable is paid off, and enough temperature compensation optical cable and backup optical cable are reserved, the distributed optical fiber sensor is connected, and the distributed optical fiber sensor and the sensing optical cable are debugged, so that the whole section of the sensing optical cable and the whole section of the transmission optical cable are not subjected to excessive optical loss. Generally, a BOTDA distributed optical fiber sensor can be adopted, and a monitoring optical cable needs to form a loop; BOTDR distributed optical fiber sensors can also be adopted, and the monitoring optical cable does not need to form a loop.
S3, fixing the two ends of the sensing optical cable on the tested soil-wood structure point and the reference point of the reference pile respectively, so that the sensing optical cable is subjected to a certain pre-tension force, and starting pre-monitoring. The equipment is started, the sensing optical cable is fixed while monitoring, the sensing optical cable section is subjected to a certain pre-tensioning force, the strain generated by the pre-tensioning force is in the middle of the whole strain range, and therefore the distance between the sensing optical cable sections is increased or reduced, and the strain can be expressed on the frequency shift of the distributed optical fiber sensor of Brillouin scattering.
The monitoring system comprises a monitored civil structure point, a reference pile, a first clamp and a second clamp, wherein the first clamp is used for fixing a sensing optical cable; and two ends of the sensing optical cable are respectively provided with a second clamp which is fixedly connected with the first clamp. The fixed state of the sensing optical cable is kept smooth, the optical cable can be smoothly fixed by requiring the fixed position and the direction of the clamp, excessive bending cannot be caused, and optical loss caused by bending is reduced.
S4, standing for a period of time to enable the sensing optical cable to complete most of relaxation creep and start formal monitoring. And standing for one month to enable the sensing optical cable section to complete most of relaxation creep. The sensing optical cable can generate a relaxation creep phenomenon that the stress is unchanged and the strain is increased under the tension strain state, and formal monitoring is started after most of the relaxation creep phenomenon is completed.
S5, the strain quantity of the optical cable is obtained through monitoring of the distributed optical fiber sensor, and the displacement of the tested soil and wood structure point in three directions is inversely calculated according to the strain of the polygonal cone structure. And establishing a three-dimensional displacement equation set by using the geometric properties of the multi-pyramid structure, and solving the equation set to obtain displacement values in three directions on the points of the civil structure.
As shown in fig. 2, the specific solving process is as follows: three reference points A, B, C for connecting sensing optical cables are arranged at the upper part of the reference pile and are connected with each other to form a cross arm AB, an inclined strut AC and an inclined strut BC, a D point on the tested soil-wood structure is displaced to an E point, a sensing optical cable section AD is deformed to an AE, and the strain increment is
The transmitting optical cable segment BD is deformed to BE with the strain increment of
The transmitting cable section CD is deformed to CE with the strain increment of
In the above two formulae,. DELTA.. epsilonAD、ΔεBD、ΔεCDObtained by monitoring a distributed optical fiber sensor BOTDR or BOTDA (x)A，yA，zA) Is the coordinate of point A, (x)B，yB，zB) Is the coordinate of point B, (x)C，yC，zC) Is the coordinate of point C, (x)D，yD，zD) Are D point coordinates, all known quantities, (x)E，yE，zE) Is the coordinate of point E and is an unknown quantity. The analog triangular cone structure is a space statically determinate truss structure, so that a nonlinear equation set consisting of the three nonlinear equations has the same equation number and unknown quantity number, and can be solved by a Newton iteration method or other numerical methods for solving the nonlinear equations.
The displacement of the monitored point in three directions is
Δx＝xE-xD
Δy＝yE-yD
Δz＝zE-zD
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A civil structure point three-dimensional displacement monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, driving a reference pile in a certain range from the tested soil-wood structure, arranging at least three reference points for connecting a sensing optical cable at the upper part of the reference pile, forming a polygonal cone structure by the reference points and the tested soil-wood structure points, forming the bottom surface of a polygonal cone by at least three points on the reference pile, and selecting at least one point on the tested soil-wood structure to form the top point of the polygonal cone;
s2, paying off the optical cable according to the requirement of monitoring distribution, and connecting the distributed optical fiber sensor on the optical cable to form a sensing optical cable;
s3, fixing the two ends of the sensing optical cable on the tested soil-wood structure point and the reference point of the reference pile respectively, so that the sensing optical cable is subjected to a certain pre-tension force, and starting pre-monitoring;
s4, standing for a period of time to enable the sensing optical cable to complete most of relaxation creep and start formal monitoring;
s5, the strain quantity of the optical cable is obtained through monitoring of the distributed optical fiber sensor, and the displacement of the tested soil and wood structure point in three directions is inversely calculated according to the strain of the polygonal cone structure.
2. The method for monitoring the three-dimensional displacement of the civil structure point based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the standard pile is an open steel pipe concrete pile, the pile end is fixed by concrete pressurization, and the fixing depth of the standard pile is determined by the weathering degree of bedrock.
3. The method for monitoring the three-dimensional displacement of the civil structure point based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a first clamp for fixing the sensing optical cable is arranged at each reference point of the tested soil-wood structure point and the reference pile; and two ends of the sensing optical cable are respectively provided with a second clamp which is fixedly connected with the first clamp.
4. The method for monitoring the three-dimensional displacement of the civil structure point based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and enough temperature compensation optical cables and backup optical cables are reserved in the optical cable paying-off in the S2.
5. The method for monitoring the three-dimensional displacement of the civil structure point based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fixing state of the sensing optical cable in S3 is kept smooth.
6. The method for monitoring the three-dimensional displacement of the civil structure point based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the step S5, a three-dimensional displacement equation set is established by using the geometric properties of the multi-pyramid structure, and the equation set is solved to obtain displacement values of the civil structure point in three directions.
7. The method for monitoring the three-dimensional displacement of the civil structure point based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the method for solving the equation set is a Newton iteration method.
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