CN109162785B - Cam-driven engine braking device and braking method thereof - Google Patents
Cam-driven engine braking device and braking method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109162785B CN109162785B CN201810885013.XA CN201810885013A CN109162785B CN 109162785 B CN109162785 B CN 109162785B CN 201810885013 A CN201810885013 A CN 201810885013A CN 109162785 B CN109162785 B CN 109162785B
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- engine
- rocker arm
- roller
- arm body
- cam
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000304337 Cuminum cyminum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/06—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for braking
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
- F01L9/11—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic in which the action of a cam is being transmitted to a valve by a liquid column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/04—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation using engine as brake
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cam-driven engine braking device and a braking method thereof. The device comprises a rocker arm body, wherein a valve driving mechanism, a hydraulic actuating mechanism and a clearance control mechanism are arranged on the rocker arm body; when the engine enters a braking mode, hydraulic oil enters a hydraulic cylinder in a rocker arm body, a hydraulic executing mechanism pushes a gap control mechanism, a control device is in gap with an engine cam contact surface, and the engine cam is matched with the control device to realize the opening of an engine exhaust valve when a compression stroke is finished, compressed air is released, and thermodynamic energy converted from mechanical energy of automobile driving is transferred to the atmosphere, so that the engine brakes the automobile. According to the invention, through the characteristic that the eccentric shaft of the roller and the shaft core of the roller connected with the rocker arm body are not concentric, the eccentric requirement is skillfully realized, and the structure is simple and reliable; the invention has the advantages of no complex hydraulic driving structure, simplified design, reduced cost and shortened mechanism reaction time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machinery, in particular to an exhaust braking device of an engine, and particularly relates to a cam-driven engine braking device and a braking method thereof.
Background
In the 60 s of the 20 th century, the truck transportation industry has been greatly developed, today trucks are heavier in load and higher in speed, in order to reduce the consumption of fuel, the friction resistance of the transmission system has been further reduced, and the parasitic resistance has been further reduced; at the same time, the vehicle model is more aerodynamic, which leads to a continuous decrease in the natural deceleration capacity of the vehicle. The braking performance as active safety of the vehicle should be upgraded and modified at the same time, so that the control capability of the vehicle is enhanced by utilizing the supplementary braking system, which has become unprecedented.
In the prior art, engine braking refers to lifting an accelerator pedal, but not pressing a clutch, and a braking effect is formed on a driving wheel by using compression resistance, internal friction and intake and exhaust resistance generated by a compression stroke of an engine. In the process, fuel is cut off, the engine piston continues to run up and down under the action of inertia of the automobile, when the engine piston runs to a compression stroke, air is compressed, at the moment, kinetic energy of the automobile is converted into thermodynamic energy of compressed air, the exhaust valve is opened when the compression stroke is finished, air absorbing energy is discharged, and the running speed of the automobile is reduced, namely engine braking is achieved.
The U.S. kangmins (Cummins) proposed hydraulic engine brakes and were disclosed in 1965 (U.S. patent No. 3220392). This is a precedent for engine braking devices. In this technique, the engine brake transfers mechanical input to the exhaust valve to be opened through a hydraulic transmission. The hydraulic circuit typically includes a master piston that reciprocates within a master piston bore from mechanical inputs to the engine, such as rocking of a rocker arm, and the motion of the master piston is hydraulically transferred to a slave piston on the hydraulic circuit that reciprocates within the slave piston bore, the slave piston acting directly or indirectly on an exhaust valve, resulting in a valve event for engine braking operation. Such engine braking systems are accessories that are overhead on the engine. To install such devices, gaskets are added between the cylinder and the valve cover, thus adding additional height, weight, and cost to the engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a cam-driven engine braking device and a braking method thereof, which can improve the efficiency of engine exhaust braking.
The cam driven engine braking device of the invention comprises a rocker arm body, a valve driving mechanism, a hydraulic actuating mechanism and a clearance control mechanism.
The rocker arm body is provided with a valve driving mechanism, a hydraulic actuating mechanism and a clearance control mechanism; the rocker arm body is arranged on the rocker arm shaft of the engine through a middle through hole, a hydraulic oil passage is formed in the rocker arm body, one end of the oil passage is connected with a hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the oil passage is externally connected with an engine brake control oil supply mechanism; the front end and the rear end of the rocker arm body are respectively provided with a clearance control mechanism and a valve driving mechanism, and a hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the rocker arm body and is used for installing a hydraulic actuating mechanism; the rocker arm body swings back and forth with the middle as a support.
The valve driving mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the rocker arm body and comprises a clearance adjusting nut, a clearance adjusting bolt and a concave ball; the gap adjusting nut and the gap adjusting bolt are used for adjusting the valve driving gap; the concave ball is connected with the valve rod to drive the exhaust valve to open and close.
The gap control mechanism is arranged at the front end of the rocker arm body and comprises a swing arm, a roller eccentric shaft and a pipe shaft core; the swing arm is of a cam structure, the base circle of the swing arm is concentric with the roller and the roller eccentric shaft arc, and a groove with a certain depth is formed at the boss end of the swing arm; the roller shaft core eccentrically matched with the roller eccentric shaft is used for connecting the clearance control mechanism and the rocker arm body; the roller end face is in direct contact with the engine cam to serve as a power input contact source of the invention.
The hydraulic actuating mechanism comprises a valve core, a baffle ring, a clamp spring, a spiral spring and a pin; the front end of the valve core is connected with the swing arm groove through a pin, and the rear end of the valve core is contacted with the spiral spring; the spiral spring and the valve core are coaxial, one end of the spiral spring is sleeved outside the valve core, the other end of the spiral spring is contacted with the rear end of the valve core, the other end of the spiral spring is contacted with the baffle ring, and the baffle ring is used for binding the spiral spring in the rocker arm body hydraulic cylinder by the clamp spring, so that the axial movement of the valve core is further restrained.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the engine is switched from a normal working mode to an engine braking mode, the engine braking control oil supply mechanism supplies oil through a hydraulic oil duct in the rocker arm body; hydraulic oil enters a hydraulic cylinder in the rocker arm body, oil pressure acts on the valve core, the elasticity of the spiral spring is overcome, and the swing arm is pushed to rotate; due to the eccentric structure of the clearance control mechanism, the clearance between the end face of the roller and the cam of the engine is reduced along with the rotation of the eccentric shaft of the roller driven by the swing arm; the designed engine cam is provided with a small boss on a conventional cam structure, after the gap between the end face of the roller and the engine cam is reduced, the small boss is in normal contact with the end face of the roller on the engine cam, namely, the engine piston is in contact with the end face of the roller before the compression stroke is nearly finished, so that the rocker arm body is jacked up and swings towards the direction of the valve driving mechanism, the exhaust valve is driven to be opened, compressed air is discharged, kinetic energy of automobile running is compressed and converted into thermodynamic energy of air, and finally the thermodynamic energy is discharged into the atmosphere; the engine piston performs negative work in the process, so that the engine is braked. When engine braking is not needed, namely the engine is in a normal working mode, the engine braking controls the oil supply mechanism to be closed and drain oil, the valve core drives the swing arm to rotate back to a normal position under the return action of the spiral spring, further, the gap between the roller end face and the engine cam is increased, and the small boss of the engine cam cannot contact the roller end face, so that the engine cam can only drive the rocker arm body in the normal mode to push the valve to work.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following main beneficial effects:
(1) In the gap control mechanism, eccentric work is realized by the characteristic that the roller eccentric shaft and the roller shaft core connected with the rocker arm body are not concentric, namely, when the rocker arm drives the roller eccentric shaft to rotate, the roller concentric with the base circle of the rocker arm and the roller eccentric shaft rotates relative to the center of the roller shaft core, so that the gap between the end face of the roller and the contact surface of the engine cam is changed.
(2) The hydraulic driving device does not adopt a complex hydraulic driving structure, but directly drives through injection and unloading of hydraulic oil, thereby simplifying the design, reducing the cost and reducing the mechanism reaction time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall isometric view of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevational view in full section of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the hydraulic actuator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the normal operation mode of the engine of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an engine braking mode of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an exploded view of the gap control mechanism of the present invention.
The hydraulic valve comprises a 1-rocker arm body, a 2-valve driving mechanism, a 3-hydraulic actuating mechanism, a 4-clearance control mechanism, a 5-clearance adjusting nut, a 6-clearance adjusting bolt, a 7-concave ball, an 8-hydraulic oil duct, a 9-roller eccentric shaft, a 10-roller, an 11-roller shaft core, a 12-swing arm, a 13-valve core, a 14-pin, a 15-clamp spring, a 16-coil spring, a 17-baffle ring, an 18-engine cam and a 19-hydraulic cylinder.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the cam-driven engine braking device provided by the invention comprises a rocker arm body 1, a valve driving mechanism 2, a hydraulic actuating mechanism 3 and a clearance control mechanism 4.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, the valve driving mechanism 2 is installed at the rear end of the rocker arm body 1, and the clearance control mechanism 4 is installed at the front end of the rocker arm body 1; the rocker arm body 1 is arranged on an engine rocker arm shaft by taking the middle as a support, a hydraulic oil passage 8 is formed in the rocker arm body, one end of the oil passage is connected with a hydraulic cylinder 19, and the other end of the oil passage is externally connected with an engine brake control oil supply mechanism; the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a hydraulic cylinder for installing a hydraulic actuating mechanism 3; the rocker arm body 1 swings back and forth with the middle as a support.
As shown in fig. 2, the valve driving mechanism 2 is mounted at the rear end of the rocker arm body 1, and comprises a clearance adjusting nut 5, a clearance adjusting bolt 6 and a concave ball 7; a gap adjusting nut 5 and a gap adjusting bolt 6 are used to adjust the valve driving gap; the concave ball 7 is connected with a valve rod to drive the exhaust valve to open and close.
As shown in fig. 2, 4 and 6, the clearance control mechanism 4 is arranged at the front end of the rocker arm body 1 and comprises a roller eccentric shaft 9, a roller 10, a roller shaft core 11 and a swing arm 12; the swing arm 12 is of a cam structure, the base circle of the swing arm 12 is concentric with the roller 10 and the roller eccentric shaft 9 in an arc shape, and a groove with a certain depth is formed at the boss end of the swing arm 12; a roller shaft core 11 eccentrically matched with the roller eccentric shaft 9 is used for connecting the clearance control mechanism 4 with the rocker arm body 1; the end face of the roller 10 is in direct contact with the engine cam 18 as the power input contact source of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 5, the hydraulic actuating mechanism 3 comprises a valve core 13, a pin 14, a clamp spring 15, a spiral spring 16 and a baffle ring 17; the front end of the valve core 13 is connected with the groove of the swing arm 12 through a pin 14, and the rear end is contacted with a spiral spring 16; the coil spring 16 and the valve core 13 are coaxial, the coil spring is sleeved outside the valve core 13, one end of the coil spring is in contact with the rear end of the valve core 13, the other end of the coil spring is in contact with the baffle ring 17, and the baffle ring 17 is used for binding the coil spring 16 in the hydraulic cylinder 19 of the rocker arm body 1 by the clamp spring 15, so that the axial movement of the valve core 13 is further restrained.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6, the rocker arm body 1 is provided with a valve driving mechanism 2, a hydraulic actuating mechanism 3 and a clearance control mechanism 4, when the engine enters a braking mode, the kinetic energy of the wheels of the automobile is transmitted to the engine through a transmission system and is transferred to the mechanical energy of the reciprocating motion of the piston; when the piston enters the compressed air stroke, the piston performs negative work on the air, and the mechanical energy is converted into thermodynamic energy of the compressed air; at the moment, the hydraulic oil enters a hydraulic cylinder in the rocker arm body 1 through a hydraulic oil duct 8 under the control of an engine brake control oil supply mechanism to push a valve core 13 to axially move outwards so as to further push a swing arm 12 to rotate; the eccentric structure existing among the roller eccentric shaft 9, the roller 10 and the roller shaft core 11 in the clearance control mechanism 4 reduces the contact clearance between the end surface of the roller 10 and the engine cam 18; when the small boss 20 of the engine cam 18 with the small boss machined at a special position contacts the end face of the roller 10, the rocker arm body 1 is jacked up, the clearance control mechanism 4 rotates to the side of the valve driving mechanism 2 by an angle phi, the valve driving mechanism 2 drives the engine exhaust valve to open, compressed air is released, and thermodynamic energy is transferred to the atmosphere, so that the braking of the engine on the automobile is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, when the engine is in the normal working mode, the engine brake controls the oil supply mechanism to close oil drain, the valve core 13 drives the swing arm 12 to rotate back to the normal position under the return action of the coil spring 16, further, the gap between the end face of the roller 10 and the engine cam 18 is increased, the minimum distance between the small boss 20 of the engine cam 18 and the end face of the roller 10 is delta, so that the rocker arm body 1 can only be driven in the normal mode, and the exhaust valve is pushed to exhaust normally.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A cam driven engine brake apparatus characterized by: comprises a rocker arm body (1), a valve driving mechanism (2), a hydraulic actuating mechanism (3) and a clearance control mechanism (4); the rocker arm body (1) is arranged on an engine rocker arm shaft through a middle through hole, a clearance control mechanism (4) is arranged at the front end of the rocker arm body (1), a valve driving mechanism (2) is arranged at the rear end of the rocker arm body, a hydraulic cylinder (19) for installing a hydraulic actuating mechanism (3) is arranged in the rocker arm body (1), a hydraulic oil duct (8) is arranged in the rocker arm body (1), one end of the hydraulic oil duct is connected with the hydraulic cylinder (19), and the other end of the hydraulic oil duct is externally connected with an engine brake control oil supply mechanism; the rocker arm body (1) swings back and forth with the middle as a support;
the gap control mechanism (4) comprises a roller eccentric shaft (9), a roller (10), a roller shaft core (11) and a swing arm (12); the swing arm (12) is of a cam structure, a base circle of the swing arm is concentric with the roller (10) and the roller eccentric shaft (9) in an arc shape, and the roller shaft core (11) eccentrically matched with the roller eccentric shaft (9) is used for connecting the clearance control mechanism (4) and the rocker arm body (1); the end face of the roller (10) is in direct contact with an engine cam (18) to serve as a power input contact source;
the roller eccentric shaft (9) is of a hollow cylinder structure, but the outline of the outer circle is different from that of the inner hollow circle so as to achieve the eccentric effect; the inner hollow circle is matched with the roller shaft core (11), and the roller shaft core (11) is connected with the rocker arm body (1); the excircle entity is fixedly connected with the swing arm (12);
the base circle of the engine cam (18) comprises a small boss (20) besides the original boss, and the position of the small boss (20) on the cam (18) ensures that the small boss can contact the end face of the roller (10) when the compression stroke of the piston is finished, so that the rocker arm body (1) is jacked up, and the exhaust valve is opened when the engine is driven to brake;
the hydraulic actuating mechanism (3) comprises a valve core (13), a pin (14), a clamp spring (15), a spiral spring (16) and a baffle ring (17); the front end of the valve core (13) is connected with the swing arm (12) through the pin (14), and the rear end of the valve core is contacted with the spiral spring (16); the spiral spring (16) is coaxial with the valve core (13), is sleeved outside the valve core (13), one end of the spiral spring (16) is contacted with the rear end of the valve core (13), the other end of the spiral spring is contacted with the baffle ring (17), one end of the baffle ring (17) is contacted with the spiral spring (16), and the other end of the baffle ring is contacted with the clamp spring (15); the retainer ring (17) restrains the spiral spring (16) in the hydraulic cylinder (19) of the rocker arm body, so that the axial movement of the valve core (13) is restrained.
2. The cam driven engine brake apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the valve driving mechanism (2) comprises a clearance adjusting nut (5), a clearance adjusting bolt (6) and a concave ball (7); the clearance adjusting bolt (6) is arranged in a threaded hole at the rear end of the rocker arm body (1), and the clearance adjusting nut (5) is matched with the clearance adjusting bolt (6) and is used for adjusting the valve driving clearance; the concave ball (7) is connected with a valve rod to drive the exhaust valve to open and close.
3. A method of braking a cam driven engine brake apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
when the engine enters a braking mode, the kinetic energy of the wheels of the automobile is transmitted to the engine through a transmission system and is transferred to the mechanical energy of the reciprocating motion of the piston; when the piston enters the compressed air stroke, the piston performs negative work on the air, and the mechanical energy is converted into thermodynamic energy of the compressed air; at the moment, hydraulic oil is controlled by an engine brake control oil supply mechanism, and the contact clearance between the end face of the roller (10) and an engine cam (18) is reduced through an eccentric structure which exists among a roller eccentric shaft (9), the roller (10) and a roller shaft core (11) in a hydraulic oil duct (8) clearance control mechanism (4); when a small boss (20) of an engine cam (18) with a small boss machined at a special position is contacted with the end face of a roller (10), the rocker arm body (1) is jacked up, the clearance control mechanism (4) rotates to the side of the valve driving mechanism (2) by an angle phi, the valve driving mechanism (2) drives an exhaust valve of the engine to open, compressed air is released, and thermodynamic energy is transferred to the atmosphere, so that the engine brakes an automobile.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201810885013.XA CN109162785B (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2018-08-06 | Cam-driven engine braking device and braking method thereof |
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CN201810885013.XA CN109162785B (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2018-08-06 | Cam-driven engine braking device and braking method thereof |
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CN109162785A CN109162785A (en) | 2019-01-08 |
CN109162785B true CN109162785B (en) | 2023-11-24 |
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CN201810885013.XA Active CN109162785B (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2018-08-06 | Cam-driven engine braking device and braking method thereof |
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CN110566308B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2020-08-25 | 浙江大学 | Reset slide valve type rocker arm mechanism for engine braking and braking method thereof |
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US5706771A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1998-01-13 | General Motors Corporation | Hydraulic element assembly |
JPH11247632A (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-14 | Unisia Jecs Corp | Intake/exhaust valve driving control device for internal combustion engine |
CN102137988A (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2011-07-27 | 雅各布斯车辆系统公司 | Bias system for dedicated engine braking rocker arm in a lost motion system |
CN102588030A (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2012-07-18 | 上海尤顺汽车部件有限公司 | Auxiliary valve driving mechanism of engine |
CN208702482U (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江大学 | Actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013164030A (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2013-08-22 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Valve control mechanism for engine |
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2018
- 2018-08-06 CN CN201810885013.XA patent/CN109162785B/en active Active
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US5706771A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1998-01-13 | General Motors Corporation | Hydraulic element assembly |
JPH11247632A (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-14 | Unisia Jecs Corp | Intake/exhaust valve driving control device for internal combustion engine |
CN102137988A (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2011-07-27 | 雅各布斯车辆系统公司 | Bias system for dedicated engine braking rocker arm in a lost motion system |
CN102588030A (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2012-07-18 | 上海尤顺汽车部件有限公司 | Auxiliary valve driving mechanism of engine |
CN208702482U (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江大学 | Actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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连续可变摇臂式气门驱动装置的设计分析;屈小贞;陈双;李妮;张忠洋;;汽车实用技术(第20期);全文 * |
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