CN109162785A - A kind of actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus and its braking method - Google Patents

A kind of actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus and its braking method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109162785A
CN109162785A CN201810885013.XA CN201810885013A CN109162785A CN 109162785 A CN109162785 A CN 109162785A CN 201810885013 A CN201810885013 A CN 201810885013A CN 109162785 A CN109162785 A CN 109162785A
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China
Prior art keywords
roller
engine
rocker body
actuating mechanism
hydraulic
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CN201810885013.XA
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CN109162785B (en
Inventor
黄瑞
俞潇南
陈俊玄
俞小莉
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/06Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for braking
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/10Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • F01L9/11Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic in which the action of a cam is being transmitted to a valve by a liquid column
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/04Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation using engine as brake

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus and its braking methods.Device includes rocker body, and valve actuating mechanism, hydraulic actuating mechanism and gap control mechanism are equipped in rocker body;When engine enters braking mode, hydraulic oil enters the intracorporal hydraulic cylinder of rocker arm, hydraulic actuating mechanism pushes gap control mechanism, control device and engine cam contact surface gap, it is matched by engine cam, it realizes and engine exhaust valve is opened when compression travel ends, compressed air is released, it is transferred in atmosphere by the thermodynamic energy that the mechanical energy of running car is transformed, to realize braking of the engine to automobile.The characteristics of present invention is by roller eccentric shaft and the roller central spindle decentraction being connected with rocker body, ingenious realization is eccentric to be required, simple and reliable for structure;And the present invention does not use complicated hydraulic-driven structure, simplifies design, reduces cost, reduce the mechanism reaction time.

Description

A kind of actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus and its braking method
Technical field
The present invention relates to machinery field more particularly to the exhaust braking of engine, especially a kind of actuated by cams formula Engine braking apparatus and its braking method.
Background technique
Since the 1960s, trucking industry obtains huge development, and the truck of today loads heavier, speed more Height, in order to reduce the consumption to fuel oil, the frictional resistance of transmission system has been further reduced, and parasite drag has also been obtained into one The reduction of step;Vehicle moulding simultaneously more meets aerodynamics, this declines the natural slowing down power(SDP) of vehicle constantly.As vehicle The braking ability of active safety should be upgraded transformation simultaneously, therefore enhance the control energy of vehicle using supplement braking system Power has become very urgent.
In the prior art, engine braking refers to and lifts gas pedal, but do not depress clutch, utilizes engine Resistance to compression pression, internal friction and the intake and exhaust resistance that compression travel generates form braking action to driving wheel.In the process, it fires Oil is cut off, and engine piston continues operation up and down under automobile inertial effect, and when operation to compression travel, air is pressed Contracting, the kinetic energy of automobile is converted into the thermodynamic energy of compressed air at this time, opens exhaust valve at the end of compression travel, allows and absorb The air of energy is discharged, and running velocity reduces, i.e. realization engine braking.
American commings (Cummins) propose hydraulic engine brake, and are disclosed (United States Patent (USP) in nineteen sixty-five Number 3220392).This is a precedent of engine braking apparatus.In the technology, engine brake passes through hydraulic drive for machine Tool input is transmitted to open exhaust valve.The main piston moved back and forth in master piston bore is typically included on hydraulic circuit, it should The mechanical input from engine is moved back and forth, as the movement of the shake of injector rocker arm, main piston is transmitted by hydraulic way To the auxiliary piston on hydraulic circuit, move back and forth it in slave piston bore, auxiliary piston directly or indirectly acts on exhaust valve On, generate the valve actuation of engine braking running.Such engine braking system is the attachment of overhead on the engine.In order to install Such device will add washer between cylinder and valve deck, therefore add additional the height, weight and cost of engine.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, providing a kind of actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus And its braking method, it can be improved efficiency when engine exhaust and brake.
This actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus of the invention, including rocker body, valve actuating mechanism, hydraulic execution Mechanism and gap control mechanism.
Valve actuating mechanism, hydraulic actuating mechanism and gap control mechanism are installed in the rocker body;Rocker body passes through Intermediate through-hole is mounted on motor rockshaft, inside be provided with hydraulic oil duct, oil duct one end connection liquid cylinder pressure, outside the other end Connect engine braking control oil supply mechanism;Gap control mechanism and valve actuating mechanism are installed in rocker body rear and front end respectively, interior Portion is provided with hydraulic cylinder, for installing hydraulic actuating mechanism;Rocker body is bearing swing with centre.
The valve actuating mechanism is mounted on rocker body rear end comprising gap adjustment nut, gap adjustment bolt and recessed Ball;Gap adjustment nut and gap adjustment bolt are used to adjust valve actuation gap;Recessed ball is connect with valve stem, driving exhaust gas Door opening and closing.
The gap control mechanism is mounted on rocker body front end comprising swing arm, roller, roller eccentric shaft and pipe axis Core;Swing arm is cam structure, and basic circle and roller, roller eccentric shaft circular arc are concentric, and swing arm boss end is provided with the recessed of certain depth Slot;It is used to joint gap control mechanism and rocker body with the roller central spindle of roller eccentric shaft cooperation;Roller end face with start Machine cam directly contacts, and inputs contact source as power of the present invention.
The hydraulic actuating mechanism includes spool, baffle ring, circlip, helical spring and pin;Spool front end passes through pin and swing arm Groove connection, rear end is contacted with helical spring;Helical spring and spool coaxial line, cover outside spool, one end and spool rear end Contact, the other end are contacted with baffle ring, and helical spring is strapped in rocker body hydraulic cylinder by circlip by baffle ring again, thus further about The axial movement of beam spool.
The working principle of the invention is: when engine switches to engine braking modes from normal mode of operation, starting Machine control for brake oil supply mechanism passes through the intracorporal hydraulic oil duct fuel feeding of rocker arm;Hydraulic oil enters hydraulic cylinder in rocker body, and oil pressure is made With the elastic force on spool, overcoming helical spring, swing arm rotation is pushed;Due to the eccentric structure of gap control mechanism, roller end Face and the gap of engine cam reduce as swing arm drives the rotation of roller eccentric shaft;Exist by the engine cam of design It added a small boss in customary cam structure, after roller end face and engine cam gap reduce, small boss is starting The normal contact roller end face of machine cam, i.e. engine piston close to before ending, contact, so that shaking in compression travel with roller end face Arm body is jacked up and is swung to valve actuating mechanism direction, to drive exhauxt valve opens, is discharged compressed air, garage The kinetic energy sailed is transformed into the thermodynamic energy of air by compressing, and is finally discharged into atmosphere;In the process due to engine piston Negative work is done, to realize the braking of engine.When not needing engine braking, i.e. engine is in normal mode of operation When, engine braking controls oil supply mechanism and closes simultaneously draining, and spool drives swing arm to go back to normally under the effect of helical spring return Position, further, roller end face and engine cam gap increase, and engine cam small boss does not reach roller end face, makes It can only drive rocker body by normal mode, push valve operation.
The present invention compares with prior art, and beneficial effect mainly has following aspect:
(1) in gap control mechanism of the present invention, pass through roller eccentric shaft and the roller central spindle decentraction being connected with rocker body The characteristics of, realize eccentric work, i.e., it is concentric with swing arm basic circle and roller eccentric shaft when swing arm drives roller eccentric shaft turns Roller will the opposing rollers central spindle center of circle rotation so that roller end face changes with engine cam contact surface gap.
(2) present invention is without the hydraulic-driven structure using complexity, but is directly driven by the injection of hydraulic oil and unloading It is dynamic, design is simplified, is reduced costs, the mechanism reaction time is reduced.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention entirety axonometric drawing.
Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention entirety side view view in full section.
Fig. 3 is hydraulic actuating mechanism partial enlarged view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is inventive engine normal mode of operation schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is inventive engine braking mode schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is gap control mechanism explosive view of the present invention.
Wherein, 1- rocker body, 2- valve actuating mechanism, 3- hydraulic actuating mechanism, 4- gap control mechanism, 5- gap adjustment Nut, 6- gap adjustment bolt, the recessed ball of 7-, the hydraulic oil duct of 8-, 9- roller eccentric shaft, 10- roller, 11- roller central spindle, 12- pendulum Arm, 13- spool, 14- pin, 15- circlip, 16- helical spring, 17- baffle ring, 18- engine cam, 19- hydraulic cylinder.
Specific embodiment
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, a more comprehensive description of the invention is given in the following sections with reference to the relevant attached drawings.In attached drawing Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is given, still, the invention can be realized in many different forms, however it is not limited to this paper institute The embodiment of description.On the contrary, purpose of providing these embodiments is keeps the understanding to the disclosure of invention more thorough complete Face.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein and belong to technical field of the invention The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.Term as used herein in the specification of the present invention is intended merely to description tool Body embodiment purpose, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.
As shown in fig.1, a kind of actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus provided by the invention, including rocker body 1, valve Driving mechanism 2, hydraulic actuating mechanism 3 and gap control mechanism 4, the present invention use fabricated structure, convenient for assembly and disassembly.
As shown in attached 1, attached drawing 2, attached drawing 5, the valve actuating mechanism 2 is mounted on 1 rear end of rocker body, the gap Control mechanism 4 is mounted on 1 front end of rocker body;Rocker body 1 with centre for bearing be mounted on motor rockshaft, inside be provided with Hydraulic oil duct 8, oil duct one end connection liquid cylinder pressure 19, the external engine braking of the other end control oil supply mechanism;The upper end is provided with liquid Cylinder pressure, for installing hydraulic actuating mechanism 3;Rocker body 1 is bearing swing with centre.
As shown in Fig. 2, the valve actuating mechanism 2 is mounted on 1 rear end of rocker body comprising gap adjustment nut 5, gap adjustment bolt 6 and recessed ball 7;Gap adjustment nut 5 and gap adjustment bolt 6 are used to adjust valve actuation gap;Recessed ball 7 It is connect with valve stem, driving exhaust valve opening and closing.
As shown in attached drawing 2, attached drawing 4, attached drawing 6, the gap control mechanism 4 is mounted on 1 front end of rocker body comprising Roller eccentric shaft 9, roller 10, roller central spindle 11 and swing arm 12;Swing arm 12 is cam structure, and basic circle and roller 10, roller are inclined 9 circular arc of mandrel is concentric, and 12 boss end of swing arm is provided with the groove of certain depth;With the roller central spindle of the eccentric cooperation of roller eccentric shaft 9 11 are used to joint gap control mechanism 4 and rocker body 1;10 end face of roller is directly contacted with engine cam 18, as the present invention Power inputs contact source.
As shown in attached drawing 2, attached drawing 3, attached drawing 5, the hydraulic actuating mechanism 3 includes spool 13, pin 14, circlip 15, spiral Spring 16 and baffle ring 17;13 front end of spool is connect by pin 14 with 12 groove of swing arm, and rear end is contacted with helical spring 16;Spiral bullet Spring 16 and 13 coaxial line of spool, cover outside spool 13, and end in contact behind one end and spool 13, the other end is contacted with baffle ring 17, baffle ring 17 are again strapped in helical spring 16 in 1 hydraulic cylinder 19 of rocker body by circlip 15, to further constrain the axial fortune of spool 13 It is dynamic.
The course of work of the invention is as follows:
As shown in attached drawing 2, attached drawing 4, attached drawing 5, attached drawing 6, valve actuating mechanism 2 is installed in the rocker body 1, hydraulic is held Row mechanism 3 and gap control mechanism 4, when engine enters braking mode, automotive wheel kinetic energy is transmitted to by power train to be started Machine is transferred to the mechanical energy of reciprocating motion of the pistons;When piston enters compressed air stroke, piston does negative work to air, mechanical The thermodynamic energy of compressed air can be converted into;It is controlled at this point, hydraulic oil controls oil supply mechanism by engine braking, by liquid Pressure oil road 8 enters the hydraulic cylinder in rocker body 1, and spool 13 is pushed to axially move outward, further swing arm 12 is pushed to rotate;Between Roller eccentric shaft 9 in gap control mechanism 4, roller 10 and and roller axle center 11 between existing eccentric structure make 10 end face of roller Reduce with 18 contact gap of engine cam;When the small boss 20 for the engine cam 18 for being machined with small boss in specific position connects When contacting 10 end face of roller, rocker body 1 is jacked up, and turns over angle from 4 side of gap control mechanism to 2 side of valve actuating mechanism Φ, valve actuating mechanism 2 drive engine exhaust valve opening, and compressed air is released, and thermodynamic energy is transferred in atmosphere, To realize braking of the engine to automobile.
As shown in Fig. 3, when engine is in normal mode of operation, engine braking control oil supply mechanism closing is let out Oil, spool 13 drive swing arm 12 to go back to normal position under the effect of 16 return of helical spring, further, 10 end face of roller and hair 18 gap of motivation cam increases, and the small boss 20 of engine cam 18 and 10 end face minimum range of roller are Δ, makes it can only be by Normal mode drives rocker body 1, pushes exhaust valve normal exhaust.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus, it is characterised in that: including rocker body (1), valve actuating mechanism (2), Hydraulic actuating mechanism (3) and gap control mechanism (4);The rocker body (1) is mounted on engine rocker by intermediate through-hole On axis, gap control mechanism (4) are installed in rocker body (1) front end, and valve actuating mechanism (2) are installed in rear end, open inside rocker body (1) There is the hydraulic cylinder (19) for installing hydraulic actuating mechanism (3), is provided with hydraulic oil duct (8) inside rocker body (1), hydraulic oil duct one It holds connection liquid cylinder pressure (19), the external engine braking of the other end controls oil supply mechanism;Rocker body (1) is bearing front and back pendulum with centre It is dynamic;
The gap control mechanism (4) includes roller eccentric shaft (9), roller (10), roller central spindle (11) and swing arm (12);It is described Swing arm (12) is cam structure, and basic circle and the roller (10) and roller eccentric shaft (9) circular arc are concentric, with roller eccentric shaft (9) the roller central spindle (11) of eccentric cooperation is used to connect the gap control mechanism (4) and the rocker body (1);Roller (10) end face is directly contacted with engine cam (18), inputs contact source as power.
2. actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: valve actuating mechanism (2) Including gap adjustment nut (5), gap adjustment bolt (6) and recessed ball (7);The gap adjustment bolt (6) is mounted on rocker body (1) in the threaded hole of rear end, the gap adjustment nut (5) is coupled with gap adjustment bolt (6), for adjusting valve actuation Gap;The recessed ball (7) connect with valve stem, driving exhaust valve opening and closing.
3. actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the roller eccentric shaft It (9) is a hollow cylindrical structure, but excircle configuration and interior open circles not coaxial line, to reach eccentric effect;Interior open circles with Roller axle center (11) cooperation, roller axle center (11) connecting rocker arm body (1);Outer circle entity is fixedly connected with swing arm (12).
4. actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the engine cam It (18) further include a small boss (20), small boss (20) is on cam (18) on basic circle in addition to an original boss Position guarantees to touch roller (10) end face when piston compression stroke is ended, jack up rocker body (1), come with this The unlatching of exhaust valve when driving engine braking.
5. actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the hydraulic actuating mechanism It (3) include spool (13), pin (14), circlip (15), helical spring (16) and baffle ring (17);Spool (13) front end passes through institute It states pin (14) to connect with the swing arm (12), rear end is contacted with the helical spring (16);Helical spring (16) and spool (13) Coaxial line, cover spool (13) outside, helical spring (16) one end and spool (13) end in contact afterwards, the other end and the baffle ring (17) Contact, baffle ring (17) one end are contacted with helical spring (16), and the other end is contacted with circlip (15);Baffle ring (17) is by helical spring (16) it is strapped in the hydraulic cylinder (19) of rocker body, to constrain the axial movement of spool (13).
6. the braking method of actuated by cams formula engine braking apparatus described in a kind of claim 5, it is characterised in that:
When engine enters braking mode, automotive wheel kinetic energy is transmitted to engine by power train, is transferred to piston reciprocating fortune Dynamic mechanical energy;When piston enters compressed air stroke, piston does negative work to air, and mechanical energy is converted into compressed air Thermodynamic energy;It is controlled at this point, hydraulic oil controls oil supply mechanism by engine braking, by hydraulic oil duct (8) gap control mechanism (4) roller eccentric shaft (9) in, roller (10) and and roller axle center (11) between existing eccentric structure make roller (10) end face Reduce with engine cam (18) contact gap;When the small boss for the engine cam (18) for being machined with small boss in specific position (20) when touching roller (10) end face, rocker body (1) is jacked up, and by gap control mechanism (4) lateral valve actuating mechanism (2) side turns over angle, φ, and valve actuating mechanism (2) drives engine exhaust valve opening, and compressed air is released, thermodynamic energy It is transferred in atmosphere, to realize braking of the engine to automobile.
CN201810885013.XA 2018-08-06 2018-08-06 Cam-driven engine braking device and braking method thereof Active CN109162785B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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CN201810885013.XA CN109162785B (en) 2018-08-06 2018-08-06 Cam-driven engine braking device and braking method thereof

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810885013.XA CN109162785B (en) 2018-08-06 2018-08-06 Cam-driven engine braking device and braking method thereof

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CN109162785A true CN109162785A (en) 2019-01-08
CN109162785B CN109162785B (en) 2023-11-24

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110566308A (en) * 2019-09-03 2019-12-13 浙江大学 reset slide valve type rocker arm mechanism for engine braking and braking method thereof

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JPH11247632A (en) * 1998-03-03 1999-09-14 Unisia Jecs Corp Intake/exhaust valve driving control device for internal combustion engine
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US5706771A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-01-13 General Motors Corporation Hydraulic element assembly
JPH11247632A (en) * 1998-03-03 1999-09-14 Unisia Jecs Corp Intake/exhaust valve driving control device for internal combustion engine
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US20150013627A1 (en) * 2012-02-10 2015-01-15 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Engine valve control mechanism
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110566308A (en) * 2019-09-03 2019-12-13 浙江大学 reset slide valve type rocker arm mechanism for engine braking and braking method thereof

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