CN109149335B - Wavelength coating end cap group for inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering and application thereof - Google Patents

Wavelength coating end cap group for inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109149335B
CN109149335B CN201811234404.1A CN201811234404A CN109149335B CN 109149335 B CN109149335 B CN 109149335B CN 201811234404 A CN201811234404 A CN 201811234404A CN 109149335 B CN109149335 B CN 109149335B
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end cap
curved surface
optical fiber
fiber
laser
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CN109149335A (en
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叶云
王小林
许晓军
张汉伟
奚小明
史尘
陈子伦
王泽锋
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/262Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

A wavelength coated end cap group for inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering comprises a first end cap and a second end cap, wherein both end caps comprise optical fibers and quartz blocks; the quartz block is formed by sequentially connecting a round table, a cylinder and an output curved surface body, wherein the sizes of the connecting end surfaces of the round table and the cylinder are the same; one end face of the optical fiber is welded with the smaller end face of the round table to form an interface; the central line extension line of the fiber core of the optical fiber is the central line of the round table, the cylinder and the output curved surface body; the curved surface of the output curved surface body takes the intersection point of the central extension line of the fiber core of the optical fiber and the interface as a sphere center, takes the sum of the lengths of the central line of the quartz block in the round table, the cylinder and the output curved surface body as a curvature radius, and has a coating film on the curved surface of the output curved surface body, and the coating film on the curved surface of the first end cap has high reflection on 900-1000 nanometers and 1060-1100 nanometers wave bands; the coating film on the curved surface of the second end cap has low reflection on 1060-1100 nanometer wave bands and total transmission on other wave bands.

Description

Wavelength coating end cap group for inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fiber lasers in general, in particular to a wavelength coated end cap group for inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering and application thereof.
Background
The high-power fiber laser has wide application in the fields of laser cutting, laser cladding, 3D printing and the like. In recent years, with the improvement of the manufacturing process of double-clad optical fibers and the power of a high-brightness semiconductor laser, the output power of single-path high-power optical fiber laser is rapidly developed, and the output power is improved from 100W at the beginning of 21 st century to 10 kilowatts at present. With the continuous increase of the output power of the fiber laser, stimulated raman scattering is one of the main limiting factors for limiting the output power of the high-power fiber laser. The traditional SRS suppression mode has the advantages of shortening the length of the gain fiber, increasing the mode field area and the like. Then, along with the increase of output power, the conventional mode for suppressing stimulated raman scattering has a certain limitation.
Conventional fiber end caps are mainly used for independent output or independent input of fiber lasers. At present, a plurality of optical fiber end caps with a light beam output function are applied in the field of optical fiber lasers, and the functions of light beam expansion and output end face protection are achieved by welding an energy transmission optical fiber with a conical quartz block; such an optical fiber end cap needs to be coated with an antireflection film on the end face to strictly prevent laser damage caused by laser feedback, and thus has only a laser output function. In the field of optical fiber coupling semiconductor lasers, in order to realize pluggable optical fiber pigtails, more optical fiber end caps with laser coupling functions are used, and laser input in space is coupled into an energy-transmitting optical fiber core through a conical optical fiber end cap; the end cap of the optical fiber also needs to be plated with an antireflection film on the end face, so that the laser coupling efficiency is ensured, and the thermal effect and the optical fiber damage caused by the laser power loss are avoided.
Currently, in conventional applications such as output beam expansion and input coupling, high power transmission efficiency of the fiber end cap is required, while avoiding feedback that may cause system instability. Therefore, there is no bi-directional fiber end cap that is capable of both feedback and suppressing stimulated raman scattering effects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the prior art adopts the mode of reducing the length of a gain optical fiber and increasing the mode field area of the gain optical fiber to inhibit stimulated Raman scattering, but the mode instability threshold of the optical fiber is reduced by the two modes, so that the stimulated Raman scattering can be inhibited only limitedly, the invention provides a wavelength coating end cap group for inhibiting the stimulated Raman scattering, which is applied to an oscillator and can inhibit the stimulated Raman scattering effect in the all-fiber oscillator while realizing laser output beam expansion.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a wavelength coated end cap group for inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering comprises a first end cap and a second end cap, wherein the first end cap and the second end cap both comprise optical fibers and quartz blocks connected with the optical fibers; the quartz block is an integrated structure formed by sequentially connecting a round table, a cylinder and an output curved surface body, wherein the end surfaces of the round table, the cylinder and the output curved surface body are identical in size; one end face of the optical fiber is welded with the smaller end face of the round table of the quartz block to form an interface; the extension line of the central line of the fiber core of the optical fiber is the central line of a round table, a cylinder and an output curved surface body of the quartz block; the surface of the output curved surface body of the quartz block takes the intersection point of the central extension line of the fiber core of the optical fiber and the interface as a sphere center, and takes the sum of the lengths of the central line of the quartz block in the round table, the cylinder and the output curved surface body as a spherical crown with the curvature radius; a coating film is arranged on the curved surface of the output curved surface body of the quartz block; the coating film on the curved surface of the output curved surface body in the first end cap has high reflectivity equal to or more than 99% for 900-1000 nanometer wave bands and 1060-1100 nanometer wave bands and is fully transmitted for other wave bands; the coating on the curved surface of the output curved surface body in the second end cap has low reflectivity in the range of 5% -20% for 1060-1100 nm wave bands and is fully transmitted for other wave bands.
Further, other bands include an amplified spontaneous emission band and a raman wavelength band.
Further, the wavelength range of the amplified spontaneous emission band is 1030±20 nm; the raman wavelength band refers to a shift in the output laser wavelength to the right of about 56 nanometers.
Still further, the optical fiber is an optical fiber for laser generation and transmission, and is a gain optical fiber doped with rare earth particles or an energy transmission optical fiber not doped with rare earth particles; the cross section structure of the optical fiber is selected from one of a single cladding layer, a double cladding layer and a three cladding layer structure; the fiber core diameter of the optical fiber is in the range of 10-200 microns, and when the cross section structure of the optical fiber is a double-cladding structure, the inner cladding diameter is between 100-1000 microns; the overclad diameter is between 250-2000 microns.
Still further, the smaller end face of the round table of the quartz block is 2-5 times the diameter of the outermost cladding layer of the optical fiber.
Still further, the interface of above-mentioned optic fibre and quartz block butt fusion is smooth plane, and this smooth plane is perpendicular with the length direction and the laser transmission direction of optic fibre, quartz block.
Still further, the cylinder of the quartz block is used for mechanical clamping and fixing of the optical fiber end cap, the length of the cylinder is between 10mm and 100 mm, and the diameter of the cylinder is between 3 mm and 500 mm.
Still further, the cylinder is a cylinder.
The invention also provides application of the wavelength coating end cap group for inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering in an all-fiber oscillator: the high-reflection wavelength coating end cap formed by the first end cap has the same effect as a high-reflection grating in a traditional all-fiber oscillator; the second end cap forms a low reflection wavelength coated end cap that acts the same as a low reflection out-coupling grating in a conventional all-fiber oscillator. The first end cap and the second end cap form a feedback resonant cavity of the fiber laser, and the output of the all-fiber oscillator can be realized by combining a pumping source and a gain fiber. Because the optical fiber end cap adopts a wavelength coating mode, laser feedback is realized, and laser does not vibrate in a Raman wave band, so that the effect of inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering in an oscillator is achieved, and higher-power output is realized.
In the invention, the following components are added: because the output end face of the optical fiber is welded with the input end face of the quartz block, an interface is formed; laser enters the quartz block from the interface through the optical fiber, and laser spots are transmitted and expanded in the quartz block; the output end face of the quartz block is a specially designed curved surface, a coating film aiming at the wavelength is arranged on the curved surface, the coating film on the curved surface in the first end cap has high reflection on 900-1000 nanometer wave bands and 1060-1100 nanometer wave bands, and the coating film totally transmits other wave bands, especially ASE wave bands (1030 nanometers) and Raman wave bands (laser wavelength +56 nanometers); the film coating on the curved surface in the second end cap has low reflection on 1060-1100 nm wave bands and total transmission on other wave bands, especially amplified spontaneous emission wave band (1030 nm) and Raman wave band (laser wavelength +56 nm), so that when the two wave bands are used together in the oscillator, the laser feedback output is realized, the amplified spontaneous emission and the Raman light are ensured not to vibrate, and the effect of inhibiting the stimulated Raman scattering effect in the oscillator is achieved.
The invention utilizes a laser wavelength coating mode to coat a high reflection film on a required laser signal wave band in one end cap, and fully transmits an amplified spontaneous radiation wave band (1030 nanometers) and a Raman wave band (laser wavelength +56 nanometers) to replace a high reflection fiber grating in a traditional all-fiber oscillator; the other end cap is coated with a low reflection film on the required laser signal optical band, and the other bands such as amplified spontaneous emission band (1030 nanometers) and Raman band (laser wavelength +56 nanometers) are totally transmitted to replace the low reflection output coupling fiber grating in the traditional all-fiber oscillator, so that the following technical effects can be achieved:
1. And meanwhile, the beam expansion, laser reflection and feedback of the fiber laser are realized: by utilizing the divergence characteristic of laser, when the optical fiber output laser is transmitted in the quartz block, the beam spot is naturally expanded, and by reasonably designing the quartz block and changing the transmission distance of the laser in the quartz block, the light spot output with different sizes can be realized; through a reasonably designed output curved surface, the light beam reflected by the curved surface can be ensured to be effectively incident into the fiber core; the feedback of laser can be realized by plating a reflecting film layer with a certain reflectivity on the output end face of the quartz block.
2. The high reflection of 900-1000 nm wave band and 1060-1100 nm wave band is carried out by coating film on the curved surface in the first end cap, and the total transmission of other wave bands, especially amplified spontaneous radiation wave band (1030 nm) and Raman wave band (laser wavelength +56 nm); the film coating on the curved surface in the second end cap has low reflection on 1060-1100 nm wave bands, and the total transmission of the rest wave bands, especially amplified spontaneous radiation wave band (1030 nm) and Raman wave band (laser wavelength +56 nm), can effectively inhibit the laser oscillation of the Raman wave band and inhibit the stimulated Raman scattering effect in the oscillator. The end cap group can inhibit stimulated Raman scattering in laser and realize the output of the high-power all-fiber oscillator while replacing the traditional fiber bragg grating to form the resonant cavity.
Drawings
These and/or other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wavelength coated end cap assembly for suppressing stimulated Raman scattering in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first end cap A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second end cap B in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an all-fiber oscillator employing a wavelength coated end cap assembly that suppresses stimulated Raman scattering in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to understand the invention better.
Example 1
The wavelength coated end cap group for inhibiting stimulated raman scattering is shown in a schematic structure in fig. 1, and comprises a first end cap a and a second end cap B, wherein the first end cap a is shown in fig. 2, the second end cap B is shown in fig. 3, and both the first end cap a and the second end cap B comprise an optical fiber 11 and a specially designed quartz block 12: the optical fiber 11 can be double-clad fiber, and consists of a fiber core 15, an inner cladding 16 and an outer cladding 17, or can be single-clad fiber, and consists of a fiber core 15 and a cladding 17; the quartz block 12 is an integral structure formed by sequentially connecting a round table 18, a cylinder 19 and an output curved surface body 14, wherein the sizes of the connecting end surfaces of the round table 18 and the cylinder are the same; the output end face of the optical fiber 11 is welded with the input end face of the quartz block 12 (namely the smaller end face of the round table 18) to form an interface 13; after being transmitted to the interface 13 from the optical fiber core 15, the laser enters the quartz block 12, and after passing through the round table 18 area and the column 19 area of the quartz block, the laser naturally expands beams and reaches the curved surface of the output curved surface body 14; the output curved surface body 14 of the quartz block 12 takes the intersection point of the central extension line of the fiber core of the optical fiber 11 and the interface 13 as a sphere center, takes the length sum of the central line of the quartz block 12 in the round table 18, the cylinder 19 and the output curved surface body 14 as a sphere with curvature radius, a coating film is arranged on the curved surface of the output curved surface body 14, the reflectivity of the coating film on the curved surface of the output curved surface body 14 in the first end cap A is more than or equal to 99 percent, preferably 100 percent, and the coating film is totally transmitted to other wave bands such as an amplified spontaneous emission wave band (1030 nanometers) and a Raman wave band (laser wavelength +56 nanometers); the coating film on the curved surface of the output curved surface body 14 in the second end cap B has low reflectivity (residual 90% transmission) in the range of 5% -20% and preferably 10% for 1060-1100 nm wavebands, and total transmission for other wavebands such as an amplified spontaneous radiation waveband (1030 nm) and a Raman waveband (laser wavelength +56 nm), and when the two wavebands are used in an oscillator, the effect of starting the effective laser waveband while performing beam expansion output on the beam expansion laser can be realized, and the total loss of the laser in the Raman waveband can be realized, so that the effect of inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering can be realized.
Example 2
An all-fiber oscillator using a wavelength coated end cap group for suppressing stimulated Raman scattering has a structure shown in fig. 4, and comprises a first end cap A, a second end cap B, a rare earth particle doped gain fiber 23, a pump signal beam combiner 24, an optical fiber coupled semiconductor laser 25, a signal energy-transmitting fiber 26 and a pump energy-transmitting fiber 27; the signal energy-transmitting optical fiber 26 connects the first end cap A, the pumping signal combiner 24, the rare earth particle doped gain optical fiber 23 and the second end cap B in sequence; the pump signal combiner 24 has one or more pump arms, a signal input arm, a signal output arm; a set of fiber-coupled semiconductor lasers 25 are connected to the pump arms of the pump signal combiner 24 by pump energy-transfer fibers 27; the structures of the first end cap A and the second end cap B are as shown in the embodiment 1, the sizes of the components of the first end cap A and the second end cap B are the same, and the reflection center wavelengths of the first end cap A and the second end cap B are matched to form the feedback resonant cavity of the laser. The working process of the oscillator is as follows: the pump light is output from the output end of the optical fiber coupling semiconductor laser 25 and then is injected into the pump signal beam combiner 24, and then is injected into the optical fiber laser resonant cavity through the signal energy transmission optical fiber 26, and the gain optical fiber generates laser output under the excitation of the pump light and the feedback of the resonant cavity. The 900-1000 nanometer wave band and 1060-1100 nanometer wave band light in the output laser totally reflects back to the resonant cavity under the reflection of the first end cap A, and the laser of the rest wave band in the light beam totally transmits from the first end cap A, thus ensuring that the pumping laser and the effective signal laser can oscillate in the resonant cavity. The laser outputs signal laser with 1060-1100 nm wave band after low reflection feedback of the second end cap B, according to the laser principle, since the amplified spontaneous emission wave band (1030 nm) and Raman wave band (laser wavelength +56 nm) laser have no effective feedback in the resonant cavity and cannot vibrate, the output laser does not contain Raman wave band laser, and the effect of inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering in the all-fiber oscillator is achieved.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (6)

1. The wavelength coated end cap group for inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering is characterized by being applied to an all-fiber laser oscillator, and can inhibit stimulated Raman scattering effect in the all-fiber laser oscillator while realizing laser output beam expansion, and comprises a first end cap (A), a second end cap (B), a rare earth particle doped gain fiber, a pumping signal beam combiner, an optical fiber coupled semiconductor laser, a signal energy transmitting fiber and a pumping energy transmitting fiber; the signal energy-transmitting optical fiber is used for sequentially connecting a first end cap (A), a pumping signal beam combiner, a rare earth particle doped gain optical fiber and a second end cap (B); the pump signal beam combiner is provided with one or more pump arms, a signal input arm and a signal output arm; the group of optical fiber coupling semiconductor lasers are connected to the pumping arms of the pumping signal beam combiner through pumping energy-transmitting optical fibers; the first end cap (A) and the second end cap (B) are identical in size, the reflection center wavelengths of the first end cap (A) and the second end cap (B) are matched, and the first end cap (A) is used as a high-reflection fiber grating; the second end cap (B) is used as a low-reflection fiber grating, and the second end cap and the low-reflection fiber grating form a laser feedback resonant cavity together;
The first end cap (A) and the second end cap (B) comprise optical fibers (11) and quartz blocks (12) connected with the optical fibers (11);
The quartz block (12) is of an integrated structure formed by sequentially connecting a round table (18), a column (19) and an output curved surface body (14) with the same size on the connecting end surface;
one end face of the optical fiber (11) is welded with the smaller end face of the round table (18) of the quartz block (12) to form an interface (13);
the central line extension line of the fiber core of the optical fiber (11) is the central line of a round table (18) and a column body (19) of the quartz block (12) and the output curved surface body (14);
The surface of the output curved surface body (14) of the quartz block (12) takes the intersection point of the central extension line of the fiber core of the optical fiber (11) and the interface (13) as a sphere center, and the sum of the lengths of the central line of the quartz block (12) in the round table (18) and the column body (19) and the output curved surface body (14) is taken as a spherical crown with the curvature radius;
a coating film is arranged on the curved surface of the output curved surface body (14) of the quartz block (12);
The coating film on the curved surface of the output curved surface body (14) in the first end cap has a reflectivity of more than or equal to 99% for 900-1000 nanometer wave bands and 1060-1100 nanometer wave bands and is fully transmitted for amplifying spontaneous radiation wave bands and Raman wavelength wave bands;
the coated film on the curved surface of the output curved surface body (14) in the second end cap has reflectivity in the range of 5% -20% for 1060-1100 nm wave bands and is fully transmitted for amplified spontaneous emission wave bands and Raman wavelength wave bands;
the wavelength range of the amplified spontaneous emission band is 1030+/-20 nanometers; the raman wavelength band refers to a shift in the output laser wavelength by 56 nm.
2. The wavelength coated end cap set for suppressing stimulated raman scattering according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical fiber (11) is an optical fiber for laser generation and transmission, a rare earth particle doped gain fiber or a rare earth particle undoped energy transmitting fiber; and the cross-sectional structure of the optical fiber (11) is selected from one of the optical fiber cross-sectional structures of single cladding, double cladding and triple cladding structures; the diameter of the fiber core of the optical fiber (11) is in the range of 10-200 micrometers, and when the cross-section structure of the optical fiber (11) is a double-cladding structure, the diameter of the inner cladding is between 100-1000 micrometers; the overclad diameter is between 250-2000 microns.
3. The wavelength coated end cap set for suppressing stimulated raman scattering according to claim 2, wherein the smaller end face size of the circular truncated cone (18) of the quartz block (12) is 2-5 times the diameter of the outermost cladding of the optical fiber (11).
4. The wavelength coated end cap set for suppressing stimulated raman scattering according to claim 1, wherein the interface (13) between the optical fiber (11) and the quartz block (12) is a smooth plane perpendicular to the length direction of the optical fiber (11), the quartz block (12) and the laser transmission direction.
5. The set of wavelength coated end caps suppressing stimulated raman scattering according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (19) of the quartz block (12) is used for mechanical clamping and fixing of the end caps of optical fibers, with a length comprised between 10 mm and 100mm and a diameter comprised between 3 mm and 500 mm.
6. The wavelength coated end cap set for suppressing stimulated raman scattering according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder (19) is a cylinder.
CN201811234404.1A 2018-10-23 2018-10-23 Wavelength coating end cap group for inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering and application thereof Active CN109149335B (en)

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CN110729626A (en) * 2019-10-24 2020-01-24 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 Method for changing laser output divergence angle
CN112397980B (en) * 2020-11-19 2022-11-08 中国兵器装备研究院 Double-end optical fiber end cap based on two-color phase film
CN117220127B (en) * 2023-11-07 2024-03-19 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Fiber laser capable of inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering and parameter optimization method thereof

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CN208797346U (en) * 2018-10-23 2019-04-26 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Wavelength coating end cap group for inhibiting stimulated Raman scattering

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