CN109145507B - Calculation method for vertical soil pressure of high-filling steel corrugated pipe culvert and deformation calculation method - Google Patents
Calculation method for vertical soil pressure of high-filling steel corrugated pipe culvert and deformation calculation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating vertical soil pressure of a high-filling steel corrugated culvert and a deformation calculation method, and provides a method for calculating vertical soil pressure of a steel corrugated culvert without adopting a load reduction technology, a method for calculating vertical soil pressure of a steel corrugated culvert with adopting a load reduction technology and a method for calculating vertical convergence deformation of a culvert on the basis of considering vertical convergence deformation of a steel corrugated culvert. The invention can provide a soil pressure calculation method for the conventional filling under high filling or the steel corrugated pipe culvert design after the load reduction measures are adopted, and also provides a pipe culvert vertical convergence deformation calculation method, wherein the soil pressure and deformation calculation result are consistent with the actual situation, and the calculation method fills the blank in the field at home and abroad. The load shedding design method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the vertical soil pressure of the culvert roof, prevent the large deformation of the culvert structure, and simultaneously protect the safety and stability of the culvert structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock soil and underground engineering, in particular to a method for calculating vertical soil pressure and a method for calculating deformation of a high-fill steel corrugated pipe culvert, which are suitable for steel corrugated pipe culvert structures in the field of engineering infrastructure construction of highways, railways, water conservancy, airports, mines, electric power, municipal administration, ports, war industry and the like, and can be used as drainage culverts, traffic or channel culverts under embankments or canal walls, flood drainage culverts, maintenance culverts, galleries and drainage channels under dams and tailing ponds.
Background
Culverts under high fills belong to the upper buried structures, are widely applied to the infrastructure construction of highways, railways, airports, mines, water conservancy, electric power, municipal administration, ports, military industry and the like, and the safety of the structure is important to the main engineering of the culverts, especially the culverts under high fills, so the culverts are called as life line engineering. The culvert mainly comprises a cover plate culvert, a round pipe culvert, a box culvert, an arch culvert and the like, wherein the side walls of the cover plate culvert and the arch culvert are mainly made of concrete masonry or stone masonry, the cover plate and the arch ring are mainly made of reinforced concrete, the round pipe culvert is generally made of reinforced concrete, and in recent years, the steel corrugated pipe or the plate is gradually used for culvert engineering due to the national macroscopic policies of pushing an assembled steel structure and removing an energy-producing and regulating structure.
Compared with the embedded structure in the traditional rock-soil body, the steel corrugated pipe has the advantages that: (1) the adaptability to deformation is strong, and the requirement on the foundation is low; (2) the anti-seismic performance is good; (3) the industrial shaping batch production is beneficial to quality control; (4) the material volume is small, the transportation difficulty can be effectively reduced, and the site installation is simple; (5) the construction is simple and convenient, and the construction period is short; the steel corrugated structure is assembled and constructed on site by adopting a semi-finished product, and compared with a reinforced concrete structure, the construction period can be shortened by more than 70 percent; (6) the environment-friendly building material is low in carbon and environment-friendly, reduces or eliminates conventional building materials such as sand, stone, cement, wood and the like, and is beneficial to environmental protection.
The compressibility of the reinforced concrete or masonry culvert itself is so small relative to the compressibility of the surrounding soil that it is negligible and therefore can be referred to as a "rigid culvert"; for the thin-wall corrugated steel pipe culvert, the corrugated circular pipe manufactured by corrugated rolling and cold bending is assembled in sections or arc corrugated steel plates are assembled in sections according to the specified size, the corrugated steel pipe structure can deform to different degrees along with the pipe Zhou Waili (mainly the surrounding soil pressure), the structural deformation can reach or even far exceed the settlement deformation of the soil on the pipe side, and meanwhile, the deformation is restrained by the elastic resistance of the soil around the pipe to form a flexible ' soil-steel structure ', and the soil and the culvert structure are comprehensively and coordinately deformed to cause the redistribution of the load, so the corrugated steel pipe culvert can be called as a flexible culvert '.
The vertical soil pressure of culvert top is one of the important bases for design of culvert structure, and is an important parameter for determining the material, wall thickness, wavelength and wave height of the culvert. At present, the vertical soil pressure of the upper buried culvert is developed for the rigid concrete culvert, compression deformation of the culvert is not considered, only compression deformation of soil on the culvert side is considered, and the deformation condition of the steel corrugated culvert under the action of the vertical soil pressure needs to be considered for the steel corrugated culvert under the high filling, so that the factors influencing the vertical soil pressure of the culvert top are more, for example: the material, wave form, wall thickness, diameter, foundation bed form, compaction process, filling height, compaction degree, topography, filling engineering characteristics and the like of the steel corrugated pipe, and the factors have mutual influence before; for the pipe culvert, the filling soil is a medium and a load and interacts with the pipe culvert, so that a calculation model of the vertical soil pressure of the pipe top is complicated. Therefore, the effective soil pressure calculation method suitable for the steel corrugated culvert under high filling is urgently needed to be researched in the field, and the method has important practical significance for guiding the structural design of the steel corrugated culvert, protecting the structural safety of the steel corrugated culvert, preventing the culvert from being deformed too much and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for calculating vertical soil pressure and a method for calculating deformation of a high-fill steel corrugated pipe culvert, which aims to solve the problem that the prior art does not have a corresponding method for calculating soil pressure in the design of the high-fill steel corrugated pipe culvert structure.
The object of the invention is achieved in the following way:
the method for calculating the vertical soil pressure of the high-fill corrugated steel pipe culvert comprises the steps of calculating the vertical soil pressure of the high-fill corrugated steel pipe culvert without adopting a load reduction technology and adopting a load reduction technology, wherein the load reduction technology is to reduce load by tiling a flexible load reduction material EPS plate on the culvert top, and the method comprises the following two concrete calculation formulas of the vertical soil pressure of the culvert top:
1) Vertical soil pressure sigma under condition of no load-reducing technology of culvert top v Calculation formula
Wherein:
σ v -vertical soil pressure at the top of the pipe culvert, kPa;
r 0 steel bellows culvert radius kN/m 3 ；
h-the height of the steel corrugated pipe culvert structure protruding out of the ground, m; h=d=2r 0 ；
Diameter of D-steel bellows culvert, wherein d=2r 0 ，
A is the cross section area of the appearance of the pipe culvert;
the shape influence coefficient of the eta-steel corrugated pipe culvert,
gamma-fill weight, kN/m 3 ；
H-height of filling soil at the culvert top, m;
poisson ratio of μ -filled;
ω c the coefficients related to the aspect ratio L/D1 of the steel bellows can be obtained by table lookup, as shown in Table 1;
l-is the length of a steel corrugated pipe culvert and m;
e-deformation modulus of the culvert top filling soil and MPa;
wherein E is s0 The compression modulus of the filling soil, MPa, can be obtained through the test of the highway engineering geotechnical test rule; />
Alpha is the increasing angle of the filling modulus, and can be obtained through an indoor compression test;
E h -deformation modulus of culvert side fill, MPa;
wherein E is s0 The compression modulus of the filling soil, MPa, can be obtained through the test of the highway engineering geotechnical test rule;
E h ＝E h0 +γ(H+r 0 ) The x tan alpha, alpha is the increasing angle of the filling modulus, and can also be obtained through an indoor compression test;
E' p -parameters converted from the modulus of elasticity of the steel corrugated pipe material, MPa;
wherein E is p The elastic modulus of the steel corrugated pipe material is MPa; mu (mu) p Poisson ratio of steel corrugated pipe material;
I c moment of inertia of steel corrugated plate structure, mm 4 /mm; the material parameter table is calculated or checked by a formula, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the waveform parameters include: wavelength L c Mm; wave height T, mm; length of straight line segment T L Mm; radius R of wave crest and wave trough, mm; arc angle θ, degree; the circle center deviates from the X-axis distance d by mm; the plate thickness t is mm;
K v the vertical soil pressure coefficient of the pipe culvert,
K d tube culvert coefficients, obtainable by table look-up, as in table 3;
K c the soil resistance coefficient of the culvert is obtained by looking up a table, as shown in table 2;
TABLE 1 omega c Value of
| L/D 1 | ω c | L/D 1 | ω c | L/D 1 | ω c | L/D 1 | ω c | L/D 1 | ω c |
| 3.0 | 1.466 | 6.5 | 1.895 | 10.0 | 2.147 | 13.5 | 2.268 | 17.0 | 2.307 |
| 3.5 | 1.540 | 7.0 | 1.941 | 10.5 | 2.171 | 14.0 | 2.278 | 17.5 | 2.308 |
| 4.0 | 1.610 | 7.5 | 1.983 | 11.0 | 2.192 | 14.5 | 2.286 | ||
| 4.5 | 1.675 | 8.0 | 2.022 | 11.5 | 2.211 | 15.0 | 2.293 | ||
| 5.0 | 1.736 | 8.5 | 2.058 | 12.0 | 2.228 | 15.5 | 2.298 | ||
| 5.5 | 1.793 | 9.0 | 2.091 | 12.5 | 2.243 | 16.0 | 2.302 | ||
| 6.0 | 1.846 | 9.5 | 2.120 | 13.0 | 2.256 | 16.5 | 2.305 |
TABLE 2 coefficient of soil resistance on tube side K c
TABLE 3 foundation bed coefficient K d
| α/(°) | 0 | 15 | 30 | 45 | 60 | 75 | 90 |
| K d | 0.11 | 0.108 | 0.103 | 0.096 | 0.089 | 0.085 | 0.083 |
2) Vertical earth pressure sigma under load-reducing technique of culvert top v The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
h f -paving thickness, m, of EPS plates of roof-culvert flexible load-shedding material;
E f -deformation modulus of EPS plate of roof-culvert flexible load-reducing material, MPa; can be obtained through an indoor compression test;
the meaning of the remaining symbols is given in formula (1).
Under the condition of adopting the load-reducing technology, the EPS plates are paved at the top of the steel corrugated pipe culvert, the paving width of the EPS plates at the culvert top is consistent with the diameter D of the pipe culvert structure, and the paving thickness h of the EPS plates is equal to the paving thickness h of the EPS plates f : when D is more than 3.0m,
when D is less than or equal to 3.0m, the formula is +.>
EPS board lays density and adopts the double control mode: taking a stress value corresponding to 60% strain of the EPS board and a soil column pressure value which is 1/3 times of a load reduction target +.>
Density value at equal and minimum density of 24kg/m 3 。
The invention also provides a deformation calculation method of the high-fill steel corrugated pipe culvert, which comprises the following steps of:
wherein:
Δ p -vertical convergence deformation of steel bellows culvert, m;
the meaning of the remaining symbols is given in formula (1).
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the soil body is regarded as an elastic deformation body, so that the change of the vertical soil pressure of the pipe top is changed along with the sedimentation difference + -delta of the inner and outer soil columns of the plane of the pipe top, and the calculation method of the vertical soil pressure of the high-filling steel corrugated pipe culvert under the condition of conventional filling is provided on the basis of considering the vertical convergence deformation of the steel corrugated pipe; based on the method, an unloading technology is added, EPS plates are horizontally paved on the culvert tops, and the method for calculating the vertical soil pressure of the high-filling steel corrugated culvert under the unloading condition is provided from the settlement + -delta of the inner and outer soil columns of the plane of the pipe tops (containing the EPS plates); the effectiveness and feasibility of the method are verified by comparing with the field test result, and the actual situation can be reflected well, so that the method for calculating the vertical soil pressure of the high-filling steel corrugated pipe is not available before, is applied to engineering practice, and has higher theoretical and application values;
2. the design method for paving the EPS plates on the tops of the high-fill steel corrugated pipes can enable the vertical soil pressure of the tops of the pipe culverts to be reduced to 1/3 of the soil column pressure, effectively reduces the vertical soil pressure of the tops of the pipe culverts, and the EPS plates are paved on the longitudinal sides of the pipe to adjust the longitudinal soil pressure distribution of the tops of the pipe culverts, so that the distribution rule of the soil pressure of the tops of the pipe culverts is effectively improved, the stress of the pipe culverts is more uniform and reasonable, the longitudinal concave bending settlement of the pipe culverts is reduced, the safety of the culvert structure is effectively protected, and the vertical convergence deformation of the pipe culverts is reduced;
3. the perfect combination of the high-filling steel corrugated culvert vertical soil pressure calculation method and the load reduction technology is beneficial to popularization and application of the assembled steel corrugated culvert, replaces the traditional concrete rigid culvert, has the advantages of environmental protection, capacity removal, novel steel structure popularization and the like, and shows that the method has important theoretical value and remarkable economic benefit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the differential settlement of the inner and outer columns with rigid pipe culvert buried in a flat manner without load shedding (delta=0).
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the differential settlement of the inner and outer columns (delta) of a rigid culvert with no load shedding>0，δ＝Δ s )。
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the differential settlement of the inner and outer columns with the load reduced by the buried type on the rigid culvert (delta)<0，δ＝Δ s -h f )。
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the differential settlement of the inner and outer columns (delta) of a buried non-load-relieving flexible culvert>0 or delta<0 or delta =0，δ＝Δ s -Δ p )。
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the differential settlement of the inner and outer columns of a buried relief on a flexible culvert (delta)<0，δ＝Δ s -Δ p -h f )。
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a corrugated steel sheet for culvert.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a stress model around a steel bellows culvert.
Detailed Description
The inventor carries out a great deal of data collection, investigation and field test and load shedding application of 8 concrete rigid culvert projects on a high-fill culvert in 2006, and respectively proposes a vertical soil pressure calculation formula and a corresponding vertical convergence deformation calculation formula for a conventional filling (without load shedding technology) and an upper buried steel bellows culvert with load shedding technology (such as EPS board paving). In order to achieve the purpose of application, for the load reduction technology, an application design method of the load reduction material EPS board is also provided. Experiments show that the formula calculation result of the invention can reflect the actual engineering situation, and the load reduction technology can reduce the vertical soil pressure at the top of the pipe culvert and can adjust the distribution of the vertical soil pressure longitudinally, thereby reducing the non-uniform settlement of the pipe culvert longitudinally.
The invention relates to a method for calculating the vertical soil pressure of a high-fill steel corrugated pipe culvert, which comprises the steps of calculating the vertical soil pressure of the high-fill steel corrugated pipe culvert without adopting a load-reducing technology (namely conventional soil filling) and adopting the load-reducing technology, wherein the load-reducing technology is to reduce load by paving a flexible load-reducing material EPS plate on the culvert top, and the method comprises the following two concrete culvert top vertical soil pressure calculation formulas:
1) Vertical soil pressure sigma under condition of no load-reducing technology of culvert top v Calculation formula
Wherein:
σ v -vertical soil pressure at the top of the pipe culvert, kPa;
r 0 steel bellows culvert radius kN/m 3 ；
h-the height of the steel corrugated pipe culvert structure protruding out of the ground, m; h=d=2r 0 ；
Diameter of D-steel bellows culvert, wherein d=2r 0 ，
A is the cross section area of the appearance of the pipe culvert;
the shape influence coefficient of the eta-steel corrugated pipe culvert,
gamma-fill weight, kN/m 3 ；
H-height of filling soil at the culvert top, m;
poisson ratio of μ -filled;
ω c the coefficients related to the aspect ratio L/D1 of the steel bellows can be obtained by table lookup, as shown in Table 1;
l-is the length of a steel corrugated pipe culvert and m;
e-deformation modulus of the culvert top filling soil and MPa;
wherein E is s0 The compression modulus of the filling soil, MPa, can be obtained through the test of the highway engineering geotechnical test rule; />
Alpha is the increasing angle of the filling modulus, and can be obtained through an indoor compression test;
E h -deformation modulus of culvert side fill, MPa;
wherein E is s0 The compression modulus of the filling soil, MPa, can be obtained through the test of the highway engineering geotechnical test rule;
E h ＝E h0 +γ(H+r 0 ) The x tan alpha, alpha is the increase angle of the filling modulus, and can be obtained by indoor compression test；
E' p -parameters converted from the modulus of elasticity of the steel corrugated pipe material, MPa;
wherein E is p The elastic modulus of the steel corrugated pipe material is MPa; mu (mu) p Poisson ratio of steel corrugated pipe material;
I c moment of inertia of steel corrugated plate structure, mm 4 /mm; the material parameter table is calculated or checked by a formula, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the waveform parameters include: wavelength L c Mm; wave height T, mm; length of straight line segment T L Mm; radius R of wave crest and wave trough, mm; arc angle θ, degree; the circle center deviates from the X-axis distance d by mm; the plate thickness t is mm;
K v the vertical soil pressure coefficient of the pipe culvert,
K d tube culvert coefficients, obtainable by table look-up, as in table 3;
K c the soil resistance coefficient of the culvert is obtained by looking up a table, as shown in table 2;
TABLE 1 omega c Value of
| L/D 1 | ω c | L/D 1 | ω c | L/D 1 | ω c | L/D 1 | ω c | L/D 1 | ω c |
| 3.0 | 1.466 | 6.5 | 1.895 | 10.0 | 2.147 | 13.5 | 2.268 | 17.0 | 2.307 |
| 3.5 | 1.540 | 7.0 | 1.941 | 10.5 | 2.171 | 14.0 | 2.278 | 17.5 | 2.308 |
| 4.0 | 1.610 | 7.5 | 1.983 | 11.0 | 2.192 | 14.5 | 2.286 | ||
| 4.5 | 1.675 | 8.0 | 2.022 | 11.5 | 2.211 | 15.0 | 2.293 | ||
| 5.0 | 1.736 | 8.5 | 2.058 | 12.0 | 2.228 | 15.5 | 2.298 | ||
| 5.5 | 1.793 | 9.0 | 2.091 | 12.5 | 2.243 | 16.0 | 2.302 | ||
| 6.0 | 1.846 | 9.5 | 2.120 | 13.0 | 2.256 | 16.5 | 2.305 |
TABLE 2 coefficient of soil resistance on tube side K c
TABLE 3 foundation bed coefficient K d
| α/(°) | 0 | 15 | 30 | 45 | 60 | 75 | 90 |
| K d | 0.11 | 0.108 | 0.103 | 0.096 | 0.089 | 0.085 | 0.083 |
The above section moment of inertia calculation of the steel corrugated plate structure exemplifies:
a schematic cross-section of a plate used for assembling the steel corrugated pipe is shown in fig. 6.
Taking a steel corrugated plate assembled by a site test of a certain expressway in Sichuan as an example: the corrugated size is 200mm multiplied by 55mm, the plate thickness is 6.5mm, the wave crest and wave trough radius is 53mm, the straight line length is 25.495mm, the central angle is 47.332 degrees, and the calculation parameters are as follows:
R＝53mn，T L ＝25.495mn，L c ＝200mm，T＝55mm，
t＝6.5mm，θ＝47.332°＝0.2630π，d＝25.5mm
moment of inertia:
for calculation of vertical soil pressure of a culvert with high fill in conventional soil filling, the on-site test of three steel corrugated pipes is illustrated, the on-site test parameters of the three steel corrugated pipes are shown in table 4, the measured soil pressure values are shown in table 5, the parameters in table 4 are substituted into formula (1), and vertical soil pressure values of the culvert top after the soil filling is finished are obtained and are shown in table 5 together with the measured soil pressure values.
Table 4 vertical soil pressure calculation parameter table for pipe culvert
TABLE 5 calculated and measured values of vertical soil pressure for pipe culvert (not relieved of load)
| Numbering device | Calculated value/kPa | Actual measurement value/kPa | Deviation rate |
| Field test 1 | 302.11 | 288.67 | +4.7％ |
| Field test 2 | 254.70 | 228.76 | +11.3％ |
| Field test 3 | 224.14 | 221.98 | +1.0％ |
From the comparison of the calculated values and the actual measured values of the vertical soil pressure of the pipe culvert in Table 5, it is seen that: after the filling reaches the designed elevation, the calculated value of the formula is more consistent with the actual measurement value of the field test, the deviation rate is lower, and the calculated result can basically reflect the actual condition of the vertical soil pressure of the pipe culvert.
2) Vertical earth pressure sigma under load-reducing technique of culvert top v The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
h f -paving thickness, m, of EPS plates of roof-culvert flexible load-shedding material;
E f -deformation modulus of EPS plate of roof-culvert flexible load-reducing material, MPa; can be obtained through an indoor compression test;
the meaning of the remaining symbols is given in formula (1).
Under the condition of adopting the load-reducing technology, the EPS plates are paved at the top of the steel corrugated pipe culvert, the paving width of the EPS plates at the culvert top is consistent with the diameter D of the pipe culvert structure, and the paving thickness h of the EPS plates is equal to the paving thickness h of the EPS plates f : when D is more than 3.0m,
when D is less than or equal to 3.0m, the formula is +.>
EPS board lays density and adopts the double control mode: the stress corresponding to 60% strain of the EPS plate is takenColumn pressure value of 1/3 times of the load-shedding target +.>
Density value at equal and minimum density of 24kg/m 3 。
For the calculation of the vertical soil pressure of the high-fill steel bellows culvert by adopting the load-reducing technology, besides adopting the parameters in the field test 3 in the table 4, the laying width of the EPS boards of the load-reducing material is increased to be 5.5m, and the laying thickness h is increased f The deformation modulus of the EPS board was 0.18MPa, which was 0.3 m. Substituting the parameters into the formula (2) to obtain the vertical soil pressure value of the pipe culvert top after the soil filling is finished, and the vertical soil pressure value and the measured soil pressure value are listed in the table 6.
TABLE 6 vertical soil pressure calculation and actual measurement values after pipe culvert load shedding
| Numbering device | Calculated value/kPa | Actual measurement value/kPa | Deviation rate |
| Field test 3 | 115.11 | 114.97 | +0.1％ |
From the comparison of the calculated values and the measured values of the vertical soil pressure after the pipe culvert is relieved in the table 6, the following is known: after EPS plate load-reducing materials with certain thickness are paved on the high-filling culvert tops, after the filling reaches the designed elevation, the calculated value of the formula is relatively close to the actual measurement value of the field test, and the deviation rate is only 0.1%. Therefore, the formula calculation result can be used for theoretical calculation of vertical soil pressure of the culvert top after load reduction.
The invention also provides a deformation calculation method of the high-fill steel corrugated pipe culvert, which comprises the following steps of:
wherein:
Δ p -vertical convergence deformation of steel bellows culvert, m;
the meaning of the remaining symbols is given in formula (1).
For calculation of vertical convergence deformation of the high-fill steel corrugated pipe culvert, parameters in the field test 3 in table 4 are adopted, the parameters are substituted into the formula (3), and vertical convergence deformation values of the pipe culvert top after the soil filling is finished are obtained and are listed in table 7 together with the actually measured deformation values.
TABLE 7 vertical Convergence deformation calculation value and actual measurement value Table after pipe culvert load shedding
| Numbering device | Calculated value/mm | Measured value/mm | Deviation rate |
| Field test 3 (not off-load) | 120.22 | 116.02 | +3.6％ |
| Site test 3 (load shedding) | 55.96 | 60.42 | -7.4％ |
From the calculated values and measured values of the vertical convergence deformation after the pipe culvert is relieved in table 7, it can be seen that: after the soil filling is finished, the convergence deformation calculated value is relatively close to the measured value, the calculated value is slightly larger than the measured value when the load is not reduced, the deviation rate is only 3.6%, the calculated value is slightly smaller than the measured value when the load is reduced, and the deviation rate is only 7.4%. The result shows that the convergence deformation theory calculation formula can better reflect the actual steel corrugated pipe culvert deformation condition.
The application design of the load reduction technology of the invention is as follows:
under the condition of adopting the load reduction technology, the equal-thickness EPS board flat paving mode is adopted at the top of the steel corrugated pipe culvert, the paving width of the EPS board at the culvert top is consistent with the diameter D of the pipe culvert structure, and the EPS board can be paved for load reduction when the paving length of the longitudinal EPS board at the pipe top is higher than 2.25D.
In order to achieve the optimal load-reducing effect, the thickness and density design of the EPS boards made of the load-reducing materials are important. And determining the thickness and the density of the EPS boards according to the filling height H and the width D of the pipe culvert structure.
According to the test result of the field test, as the pipe culvert is vertically converged and deformed under the action of the soil pressure at the culvert top, the vertical soil pressure at the culvert top is generally slightly less than or equal to the soil column pressure, and then the additional soil pressure does not exist at the pipe culvert top, so that the elimination of +delta is not considered, only the reduction of load-delta for the culvert is considered, the stress-strain relation of the EPS plate is considered, the compression deformation amount which can be provided after 60% strain is negligible, and h exists f = | - δ|/0.6. A large number of test results show that the EPS thickness is selected and has a certain proportional relation with the filling height, meanwhile, when the EPS boards are equal in thickness during unloading, the smaller the paving width is, the better the unloading effect is, so that the 3m width is selected to be limited, and when the paving thickness h of the EPS boards is included f : when D is more than 3.0m,
when D is less than or equal to 3.0m, the formula is +.>
Taking a certain high-filling large-diameter corrugated steel pipe culvert of a connecting line of a highway of Guangba, for example, the EPS plate thickness is designed, the diameter of the culvert is 5.5m, and the filling height is 11.7m, then
For convenient construction and cutting, the whole number is 36cm.
In order to make full use of the compression deformation of the EPS boards economically and reasonably, a large number of test results show that: if the vertical soil pressure of the culvert top is relieved to 1/3 of the soil column pressure, the strain of the EPS boards just reaches 60% of the strain, so that the two can be matched. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that EPS still has certain compressive strength under the rolling action of construction machinery in the early stage of construction of the culvert top filling, the EPS plate can enter a molding deformation stage only when the vibration rolling and the filling reach a certain height, so that the minimum density of the EPS plate is 24kg/m by comprehensive consideration 3 . Taking a high-fill large-diameter corrugated steel pipe culvert as an example, the filling height is 11.7m
As can be seen from Table 7, the EPS board density at 60% strain was 16kg/m, calculated as the soil pressure value 3 The stress is basically equivalent, and in order to ensure that the compression deformation of the EPS board plays a role of reducing load after the filling soil reaches a certain height, the test adopts the minimum density of 24kg/m 3 As an off-load material. When another high-fill pipe culvert working point on the same route is used for load shedding, the height of the pipe culvert top filling soil is 22m,/for>
Comparing with Table 7, the calculated soil pressure value and EPS board density at 60% strain are 28kg/m 3 Stress of the same is basicallyCorrespondingly, 28kg/m is selected 3 The EPS board of (C) is used as a load-reducing material, the pipe diameter of the EPS board is 2.75m and is smaller than 3.0m, so the thickness is +.>
In order to facilitate construction and cutting, the thickness is selected to be 37cm.
TABLE 7 stress values for EPS materials of different densities at 60% Strain
Therefore, the EPS board laying density adopts a double control mode: taking a stress value corresponding to 60% strain of the EPS plate and a soil column pressure value 1/3 times of a load reduction target
Equal density values, and a minimum density of 24kg/m 3 。
Wherein, fig. 1 shows that the rigid pipe culvert is buried in the soil, the deformation of the pipe culvert under the action of the filling pressure is negligible, the soil on two sides of the pipe culvert is undisturbed soil instead of new filling soil, so that the sedimentation difference between the inner and outer soil columns at the top of the culvert can be approximately considered as zero, and the new filling soil at the top of the culvert generates uniform consolidation sedimentation deformation under the action of dead weight. For an un-offloaded culvert, the vertical soil pressure coefficient can be expressed as
(Δσ v Adding vertical earth pressure to culvert tops), Δσ when δ=0 v =0, then K v And (1), the vertical soil pressure of the culvert top is the soil column pressure of the culvert top. />
FIG. 2 shows that the rigid culvert is positioned on the original ground, the deformation of the culvert under the action of the filling pressure is negligible, the soil on two sides of the culvert is filled with new soil, and the new soil on the culvert side has larger compression deformation, so that the positive sedimentation difference between the inner and outer soil columns can be generated at the culvert top plane, and the time delta is calculated>At 0, Δσ v >0, then K v >1, the vertical soil pressure of the culvert top is larger than that of the soilColumn pressure.
In order to reduce the vertical soil pressure of the culvert roof, the safety of the culvert structure is protected. FIG. 3 shows that the rigid culvert is positioned on the original ground, the deformation of the culvert under the action of the filling pressure is negligible, at this time, a flexible material with relatively high compressibility is paved on the culvert top, and in the process of filling up the filling up, the compression deformation amount generated by partial new filling up soil on the culvert side is counteracted, so that the positive inner and outer soil column sedimentation differences at the culvert top plane are changed into negative inner and outer soil column sedimentation differences, and then delta is quite good<At 0, Δσ v <0, then K v <And 1, the vertical soil pressure of the culvert top is smaller than the soil column pressure.
Load shedding principle: the vertical soil pressure of the rigid structure culvert such as reinforced concrete or masonry is higher than the pressure of the culvert top soil column because the rigidity of the culvert (including the foundation) is higher than the rigidity of the filling soil at the heights of two sides, so that the settlement difference +delta is caused between the inner soil column and the outer soil column of the culvert top plane in the compaction deformation process of the filling soil, and the additional vertical soil pressure acting on the culvert top or the additional friction force which is understood as the downward direction of the outer soil column to the inner soil column is generated correspondingly to the deformation. Therefore, to change the stress concentration phenomenon of the top filling soil of the culvert, the vertical soil pressure is reduced, even being smaller than the pressure of the top soil column, some measures must be taken to promote +delta reduction (namely, the downward additional friction force of the outer soil column to the inner soil column is reduced), even promote-delta generation (namely, the downward additional friction force is converted into upward unloading friction force), so that the outer soil columns at the two sides of the culvert and the culvert bear the pressure of the top soil column together, and the vertical soil pressure of the top of the culvert is reduced. Therefore, the high-compression material (such as EPS board) with certain compressive strength is paved on the culvert top, and the compression deformation increment-delta larger than the settlement difference increment +delta delta of the culvert top is continuously provided at the middle and later stages of the soil filling process, so that the mutual friction force direction (or soil arch effect) of the inner and outer soil columns of the culvert top in the sinking process is changed, and the purpose of reducing the vertical soil pressure is achieved.
The steel corrugated culvert still belongs to the category of rigid culverts under the condition of lower filling, but the vertical soil pressure of the culvert top is continuously increased along with the increase of the filling height, and the culvert pipe can gradually generate vertical convergence deformation under the action of the filling pressure; when the filling soil at the culvert top is continuously increased, the vertical convergence deformation of the culvert exceeds the allowable deformation range, and the culvert pipe can be damaged. Similarly, if flexible material is laid on the culvert top of the steel corrugated pipe to increase the space for filling soil and subsidence deformation of the pipe top, and the flexible material cooperates with the vertical convergence deformation of the steel corrugated pipe to promote-delta generation in the allowable deformation of the culvert pipe, the purpose of reducing load can be achieved, and the safety of the culvert structure is protected.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the differential settlement between the inner and outer soil columns of an upper buried flexible culvert under the action of filling soil (when not being relieved), according to the relief principle, since the flexible culvert has a certain rigidity, the vertical soil pressure of the culvert top changes along with the height of the filling soil, and then the differential settlement delta >0 or delta <0 or delta=0 of the soil column in the culvert top is possibly generated.
At present, high-fill culverts are more and more, in order to reduce the vertical soil pressure at the top of a flexible pipe culvert represented by a steel corrugated pipe, by referring to the load reduction principle of a rigid culvert, a flexible load reduction material represented by an EPS plate with a certain thickness is paved on the culvert top, and fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the sedimentation difference between an inner column and an outer column of the flexible pipe culvert under the embedded load reduction, wherein delta is promoted due to the combined action of the convergence deformation of the pipe culvert and the compression deformation of the flexible material<0，Δσ v <0, then K v <And 1, the vertical soil pressure of the culvert top is smaller than the soil column pressure.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a stress model of a steel bellows culvert, in which, in order to calculate the vertical convergence deformation of the steel bellows, a pipe-soil interaction model of a spreader is used to analyze, taking into account the influence of the elastic resistance of the lateral soil body of the culvert and the form of the foundation bed on the compression deformation of the pipe, the model assuming that: vertical load q acting on pipe roof v The vertical counter force acting on the pipe bottom is horizontally distributed along the width of the foundation bed, the elastic resistance acting on the two sides of the pipe is parabolic distribution, and the maximum pressure q is the same H The calculated model is shown in figure 7, wherein the calculated model is equal to the passive soil pressure coefficient of the pipe side filling soil multiplied by half of the horizontal deflection of the pipeline, the central angle of the pipe side passive soil pressure is 2beta, the foundation bed wrap angle is 2alpha. Under the action of vertical pressure, the deflection of the flexural member is mainly generated by bending deformation, and a structural mechanical method is applied to the pipe roofAnd calculating and superposing the deformation of the pipe bottom and the pipe side pressure under the action of the pipe bottom and the pipe side pressure to obtain the compression deformation of the pipeline.
While only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the general inventive concept, and these should also be regarded as the scope of the invention, which is not to be limited to the effects of the invention in its practice or the application of the patent.
Claims (3)
1. The method for calculating the vertical soil pressure of the high-filling steel corrugated pipe culvert is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of calculating the vertical soil pressure of the culvert of the high-fill corrugated steel pipe without adopting a load reduction technology and adopting the load reduction technology, wherein the load reduction technology is to reduce load in a mode of tiling a flexible load reduction material EPS plate on the culvert top, and the method is specifically divided into the following two vertical soil pressure calculation formulas of the culvert top:
1) Vertical soil pressure sigma under condition of no load-reducing technology of culvert top v Calculation formula
Wherein:
σ v -vertical soil pressure at the top of the pipe culvert, kPa;
r 0 steel bellows culvert radius kN/m 3 ；
h-the height of the steel corrugated pipe culvert structure protruding out of the ground, m; h=d=2r 0 ；
Diameter of D-steel bellows culvert, wherein d=2r 0 ，
A is the cross section area of the appearance of the pipe culvert;
the shape influence coefficient of the eta-steel corrugated pipe culvert,
gamma-filling soilSevere, kN/m 3 ；
H-height of filling soil at the culvert top, m;
poisson ratio of μ -filled;
ω c the coefficients related to the aspect ratio L/D1 of the steel bellows can be obtained by table lookup, as shown in Table 1;
l-is the length of a steel corrugated pipe culvert and m;
e-deformation modulus of the culvert top filling soil and MPa;
wherein E is s0 The compression modulus of the filling soil, MPa, can be obtained through the test of the highway engineering geotechnical test rule; />
Alpha is the increasing angle of the filling modulus, and can be obtained through an indoor compression test;
E h -deformation modulus of culvert side fill, MPa;
wherein E is s0 The compression modulus of the filling soil, MPa, can be obtained through the test of the highway engineering geotechnical test rule;
E h ＝E h0 +γ(H+r 0 ) The x tan alpha, alpha is the increasing angle of the filling modulus, and can also be obtained through an indoor compression test;
E′ p -parameters converted from the modulus of elasticity of the steel corrugated pipe material, MPa;
wherein E is p The elastic modulus of the steel corrugated pipe material is MPa; mu (mu) p Poisson ratio of steel corrugated pipe material;
I c moment of inertia of steel corrugated plate structure, mm 4 /mm; the material parameter table is calculated or checked by a formula, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the waveform parameters include: wavelength L c Mm; wave height T, mm; length of straight line segment T L Mm; radius R of wave crest and wave trough, mm; arc angle θ, degree; the circle center deviates from the X-axis distance d by mm; the plate thickness t is mm;
K v the vertical soil pressure coefficient of the pipe culvert,
K d tube culvert coefficients, obtainable by table look-up, as in table 3;
K c the soil resistance coefficient of the culvert is obtained by looking up a table, as shown in table 2;
TABLE 1 omega c Value of
TABLE 2 coefficient of soil resistance on tube side K c
TABLE 3 foundation bed coefficient K d
2) Vertical earth pressure sigma under load-reducing technique of culvert top v The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
h f -paving thickness, m, of EPS plates of roof-culvert flexible load-shedding material;
E f -deformation modulus of EPS plate of roof-culvert flexible load-reducing material, MPa; can be obtained through an indoor compression test;
the meaning of the remaining symbols is given in formula (1).
2. The method for calculating the vertical earth pressure of the high-fill steel corrugated pipe culvert according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: under the condition of adopting the load-reducing technology, an EPS plate is paved at the top of the steel corrugated pipe culvert, the paving width of the EPS plate at the culvert top is consistent with the diameter D of the pipe culvert structure, and the paving thickness h of the EPS plate is as follows f : when D is more than 3.0m,
when D is less than or equal to 3.0m,
EPS board lays density and adopts the double control mode: taking a stress value corresponding to 60% strain of the EPS board and a soil column pressure value which is 1/3 times of a load reduction target +.>
Density value at equal and minimum density of 24kg/m 3 。
3. The deformation calculation method of the high-filling steel corrugated pipe culvert is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the calculation formula of the vertical convergence deformation of the high-filling steel corrugated pipe culvert without adopting the load reduction technology and adopting the load reduction technology is as follows:
wherein:
Δ p -vertical convergence deformation of steel bellows culvert, m;
the meaning of the remaining symbols is given in formula (1).
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