CN109143463B - Small-core-diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber - Google Patents

Small-core-diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber Download PDF

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CN109143463B
CN109143463B CN201811117063.XA CN201811117063A CN109143463B CN 109143463 B CN109143463 B CN 109143463B CN 201811117063 A CN201811117063 A CN 201811117063A CN 109143463 B CN109143463 B CN 109143463B
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optical fiber
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cladding layer
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CN109143463A (en
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肖武丰
王润涵
黄荣
王海鹰
张安林
杨笛
王铁军
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Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G02B6/0281—Graded index region forming part of the central core segment, e.g. alpha profile, triangular, trapezoidal core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
    • G02B6/0365—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - - +

Abstract

The invention relates to a small-core-diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber, which comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the cladding layer sequentially comprises an inner cladding layer, a sunken cladding layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside, and the small-core-diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber is characterized in that the refractive index profile of the core layer is parabolic, the distribution index α is 1.9-2.1, the radius R1 of the core layer is 10-21 mu m, the maximum relative refractive index difference delta 1max of the center of the core layer is 0.7-1.7%, the core layer is a silica glass layer doped with Ge, P and F, the width of the inner cladding layer (R2-R5) is 1.0-5.0 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 2 is-0.30-0.09%, the inner cladding layer is a silica glass layer doped with phosphorus and fluorine P, F, the width of the cladding layer (R3-R2) is 2-10 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 is-0.8% -0.2%, the inner cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer, the outer cladding layer is compatible with the wavelength of the optical fiber, the optical fiber is compatible with the sunken cladding layer, the single mode optical fiber, the single mode optical fiber has the wavelength of the optical fiber, the single mode supporting and the single mode optical fiber, the.

Description

Small-core-diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber
Technical Field
The invention relates to a small-core-diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber, belonging to the technical field of optical communication.
Background
Multimode fiber and VCSEL multimode transceivers, single mode fiber and single mode transceivers can all be used in data centers. In an emerging ultra-large data center, the utilization rate of a single-mode transmission system is higher, so as to meet the requirement of the data center on longer transmission distance. With the benefit of lower cost and power consumption of VCSEL optical modules, multimode transmission systems still dominate transmission within 100 m. The product of the bandwidth distance of a multimode fiber is small due to the intermodal dispersion. With the increasing requirements of data centers on bandwidth and transmission distance, the application of multiple modes is further limited.
Multimode transceivers are much less power consuming and expensive than single mode transceivers, and therefore it is reasonable to use multimode fibers and inexpensive VCSEL sources for lan construction under current conditions. However, if the network needs to be upgraded to 1310nm wavelength at a further speed, the single mode fiber needs to be laid again, which is obviously not economical; or single-mode and multi-mode optical fiber mixed cables are laid, and the investment is increased. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a new optical fiber product with a satisfactory prospect for application development to the market.
The existing multimode optical fiber can not adapt to the high-speed and long-distance transmission of a network, and the single-mode optical fiber can meet the requirements of the high-speed and long-distance transmission but needs an expensive transmitting and receiving system. In order to solve the above problems, it is a highly feasible method to design an optical fiber that can support both multimode and single-mode transmission. The optical fiber not only can meet the requirements of high-speed and long-distance transmission, but also can reduce the production cost of the optical fiber and the operation and upgrading cost of a network. Therefore, it is necessary to design an optical fiber that supports both multimode transmission and single-mode transmission to meet the requirement of low-cost transmission in a communication network.
Disclosure of Invention
For convenience of introduction to the present disclosure, some terms are defined:
core rod: a preform comprising a core layer and a partial cladding layer.
Radius: the distance between the outer boundary of the layer and the center point.
Refractive index profile: the relationship between the refractive index of the glass of an optical fiber or an optical fiber preform (including a core rod) and the radius thereof.
Contribution of fluorine (F): the relative refractive index difference (Δ F) of fluorine (F) -doped silica glass with respect to pure silica glass is used to express the amount of fluorine (F) doping.
Contribution of germanium (Ge): the relative refractive index difference (Δ Ge) of germanium (Ge) -doped silica glass with respect to pure silica glass is used to express the amount of germanium (Ge) doping.
Contribution amount of phosphorus (P): the relative refractive index difference (Δ P) of the phosphorus (P) -doped silica glass relative to the pure silica glass is used to express the amount of germanium (P) doping.
The transmission distance that can be supported by multimode optical fibers is greatly limited by the intermodal dispersion that exists in multimode optical fibers, and in order to reduce the intermodal dispersion of the optical fibers, the core refractive index profile of the multimode optical fiber needs to be designed to have a continuously decreasing refractive index profile from the center to the edge, which is generally called "α profile".
Figure BDA0001810868250000021
Wherein n is1Is the refractive index of the optical fiber axis, r is the distance from the optical fiber axis, a is the optical fiber core radius, α is the distribution index, Delta0The index of refraction of the core center relative to the cladding.
Relative refractive index difference, i.e. deltai：
Δi％＝[(ni 2-n0 2)/2ni 2]×100％，
Wherein n isiIs the refractive index i from the center of the fiber core; n is0Is the refractive index of the pure silica material, and is typically also the refractive index of the fiber cladding.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a small core diameter compatible graded index optical fiber with reasonable material composition and core cladding structure design and capable of supporting multimode and single mode transmission simultaneously, aiming at the defects existing in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is that the optical fiber composite material comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the cladding layer sequentially comprises an inner cladding layer, a sunken cladding layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside, and the optical fiber composite material is characterized in that the refractive index profile of the core layer is parabolic, the distribution index α is 1.9-2.1, the radius R1 of the core layer is 10-21 mu m, the maximum relative refractive index difference delta 1max of the center of the core layer is 0.7-1.7%, the core layer is a silicon dioxide glass layer doped with Ge, P and F, the width of the inner cladding layer (R2-R1) is 1.0-5.0 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 2 is-0.30-0.09%, the inner cladding layer is a silicon dioxide glass layer doped with phosphorus and fluorine P, F, the sunken cladding width (R3-R2) is 2-10 mu m, and the relative refractive index difference delta 3 is-0.8% -0.2%, and the outer cladding layer is a pure silicon dioxide glass layer.
According to the scheme, P and Ge in the core layer are used as positive dopants, the contribution amount delta P0 of P in the center of the core layer is 0.01% -0.30%, the contribution amount delta P1 of P at the boundary of the core layer and the inner cladding layer is 0.01% -0.30%, and the contribution fluctuation amounts of P in the center and the edge of the core layer
Figure BDA0001810868250000022
Δ P10 is less than or equal to 5%.
According to the scheme, F in the core layer is used as a negative dopant, the doping amount of F is increased gradually in the direction from the center of the core layer to the edge of the core layer, the contribution amount delta F0 of F in the center of the core layer is 0.0% -0.1%, and the contribution amount delta F1 of F at the edge of the core layer is-0.45% -0.10%.
According to the scheme, the change of the P concentration of the inner cladding is divided into a flat area and a gradual change area from inside to outside, the concentration of the flat area is basically kept unchanged, the concentration of the P concentration of the gradual change area is gradually increased or gradually decreased, the width T1 of the flat area is 0.1-2 mu m, and the width T2 of the gradual change area is 0.5-4 mu m.
According to the scheme, the P contribution amount of the outer edge of the inner cladding is delta P2, the difference of the P contribution amount of the boundary of the core layer and the inner cladding and the P contribution amount of the outer edge of the inner cladding is delta P21 which is delta P2-delta P1, and the delta P21 is-0.3% -0.01% or 0.01% -0.20%.
According to the scheme, the contribution amount delta F2 of the F doping in the inner cladding is-0.30% -0.01%.
According to the scheme, the optical fiber has a bandwidth of 3500MHz-km or more than 3500MHz-km at a wavelength of 850nm, a bandwidth of 2000MHz-km or more than 2000MHz-km at a wavelength of 950nm, and a bandwidth of 500MHz-km or more than 500MHz-km at a wavelength of 1300 nm.
Further, the optical fiber has a bandwidth of 5000MHz-km or more at a wavelength of 850nm, a bandwidth of 3300MHz-km or more at a wavelength of 950nm, and a bandwidth of 600MHz-km or more at a wavelength of 1300 nm.
According to the scheme, the optical fiber has a fundamental mode LP at 1310nm or 1550nm01The mode field diameter is 8-12 μm.
According to the scheme, the bending additional loss caused by winding the optical fiber for 2 circles at the wavelength of 850nm by the bending radius of 7.5 mm is less than 0.2 dB; bending additional losses of less than 0.5dB at 1300nm wavelength, caused by 2 turns with a 7.5 mm bending radius.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. according to the invention, the fluorine doping amount of the core layer is optimized, so that the optimization of the bandwidth performance of the optical transmission band is realized, and the bandwidth-wavelength sensitivity is reduced while the bandwidth performance is improved; 2. the optical fiber core layer adopts Ge/P/F codoping, and the concentration of germanium is reduced by increasing the concentration of phosphorus, so that the material dispersion characteristic of the core layer material is improved, the chromatic dispersion is reduced, and the bandwidth performance is further improved; 3. because P is not easy to be accurately controlled by the flowmeter to form an accurate refractive index profile and is easy to volatilize and diffuse, the concentration of phosphorus in the core layer is relatively fixed, the concentration difference is very small, the concentration of the center and the edge is basically kept unchanged, and the graded refractive index of the core layer is accurately controlled by Ge/F; 4. the optical fiber inner cladding adopts P/F codoping, P doping is divided into a flat area and a gradual change area, the flat area avoids P diffusion caused by P concentration difference at two sides of the interface of the core layer and the inner cladding so that the cross section of the core layer is distorted, namely the part of the cladding layer close to the core layer keeps the same phosphorus concentration difference with the core layer, and the diffusion of phosphorus between the core layer and the cladding layer can be avoided; the gradual change region is mainly formed by gradient doping and diffusion of P, accords with Fick's law, and can be gradually increased or decreased; the phosphorus gradually increased in the gradual change region can also be used as an auxiliary agent for adjusting viscosity matching, so that the viscosity matching of the materials of the inner cladding and the depressed cladding is improved; 5. the optical fiber of the invention not only can be compatible with the existing OM3/OM4 multimode optical fiber, but also can support the wavelength division multiplexing technology within the wavelength range of 850nm to 950 nm; 6. fundamental mode LP of optical fiber01The MFD of the fiber is matched with the single-mode fiber, can be compatible with the single-mode fiber and supports 1310nm and 1550nm single-mode transmission; 7. the reasonable design of the sunken cladding parameters improves the bending insensitivity of the optical fiber; 8. the optical fiber of the present invention has excellent bending resistance, and is suitable for use in access network and miniature optical deviceThe transmission capacity is further improved, the network requirement of high-speed increase of data flow is met, and the method has important significance for the application of the optical communication technology; 9. the preparation method is simple and convenient and is suitable for large-scale production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a refractive index profile of one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a refractive index profile of another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a refractive index profile of a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a fundamental LP mode at 1310nm according to the present invention01Is a graph showing the relationship between the mode field diameter and the core diameters R1 and (. DELTA.1 max-. DELTA.2).
FIG. 5 shows fundamental LP mode at 1550nm for the invention01Is a graph showing the relationship between the mode field diameter and the core diameters R1 and (. DELTA.1 max-. DELTA.2).
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the doping level of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the doping level of another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific examples will be given below to further illustrate the present invention.
The optical fiber comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the refractive index profile of the core layer is parabolic, α is 1.9-2.1, the radius of the core layer is R1, the maximum relative refractive index difference delta 1max of the center of the core layer is 0.7% -1.7%, the cladding layer sequentially comprises an inner cladding layer, a sunken cladding layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside, the radius of the inner cladding layer is R2, the P concentration change of the inner cladding layer is divided into a flat area and a gradual change area from inside to outside, the concentration of the flat area is basically kept unchanged, the concentration of P in the gradual change area is gradually increased or gradually reduced, the width of the flat area is T1, the width of the gradual change area is T2, the contribution of F doping is delta F2, the contribution of P at the outer edge of the inner cladding layer is delta P2, the difference between the contribution of P between the boundary of the core layer and the inner cladding layer and the P in the outer edge is delta P21-delta P2-delta P1, the sunken cladding layer radius is R3, the relative refractive index difference is delta 3, and the outer cladding layer is pure silica glass.
A set of preforms were prepared and drawn as described in the present invention, using a double coating, the structure and the main performance parameters of the optical fiber are shown in Table 1.
And (3) testing macrobend additional loss, namely winding the tested optical fiber for one circle according to a certain diameter (such as 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 30mm and the like), then releasing the circle, and testing the change of the optical power before and after the circle is formed, so that the macrobend additional loss of the optical fiber is used.
The full injection bandwidth is measured according to the FOTP-204 method, and the test adopts the full injection condition.
Table 1: the main structural and performance parameters of the optical fiber
Figure BDA0001810868250000041
Figure BDA0001810868250000051
In order to meet the conditions of multimode transmission and reduce the intermodal dispersion of the optical fiber, the core layer refractive index profile of the small-core graded-index optical fiber adopts a design similar to the conventional multimode optical fiber in 'α profile', and in order to carry out single-mode transmission, the small-core graded-index optical fiber is designed in a proper refractive index profile so that the small-core graded-index optical fiber is in a fundamental mode LP of a single-mode transmission window01Is matched to the MFD of a conventional single mode fiber. When applied to integrated systems such as narrow cabinets, wiring closets, etc., the optical fibers experience very small bend radii. High order modes propagating near the core edge are prone to leakage, resulting in signal loss. The small-core graded-index optical fiber limits the leakage of high-order modes by increasing a low-refractive-index area in an optical fiber cladding, so that the signal loss is minimized.
The small core graded index fiber is a quasi-single mode transmission when used for single mode transmission, and is related to the coupling of single mode fibers and the matching degree of the mode field diameter of the fundamental mode LP01 between the single mode fibers. The tolerance of the mode field diameter directly affects the splice loss of the optical fiberThe research shows that the diameters of two mode fields are d respectively1And d2The fusion loss of the single-mode optical fiber of (1) can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001810868250000052
ideally, when d1＝d2When the mode field diameters of the two fibers are the same, the splice loss is αs＝0。
The center value of the mode field diameter specified by ITU-T G.652.D standard is 8.6 to 9.5 μm, and the range is + -0.6 μm. Therefore, for G.652 fiber with MFD of 8.6 μm and 9.5 μm at 1310nm, the MFD of the fundamental mode LP01 at 1310nm of the small core graded index fiber needs to be 7.4-10 μm and 8.2-11 μm if the coupling loss is to be controlled within 0.1 dB. For a single mode fiber with MFD at 1550nm of 10 μm and 11 μm, the MFD of the 1550nm fundamental mode LP01 of a small core graded-index fiber needs to be 8.6 to 11.6 μm and 9.5 to 12.8 μm, provided that it is desired to control the coupling loss to within 0.1 dB.

Claims (9)

1. A small-core-diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the cladding layer sequentially comprises an inner cladding layer, a sunken cladding layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside, and the small-core-diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber is characterized in that the refractive index profile of the core layer is parabolic, the distribution index α is 1.9-2.1, the radius R1 of the core layer is 12.2-21 mu m, the maximum relative refractive index difference delta 1max of the center of the core layer is 0.7% -1.7%, the core layer is a silicon dioxide glass layer formed by co-doping Ge, P and F, the width of the sunken cladding layer (R2-R1) is 1.0-5.0 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 2 is-0.30% -0.09%, the inner cladding layer is a silicon dioxide glass layer formed by co-doping Ge, P and F, the inner cladding layer is a silicon dioxide glass layer formed by co-doping P and F, the sunken cladding layer width (R3-R2) is 2-10 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 is-0.8% -0.2%, the outer cladding layer is01The mode field diameter is 8-12 μm.
2. The small core diameter compatible graded index optical fiber of claim 1 wherein said fiber is a single fiberThe P and Ge in the core layer are used as positive doping agents, the contribution amount delta P0 of the P in the center of the core layer is 0.01-0.30%, the contribution amount delta P1 of the P at the boundary of the core layer and the inner cladding layer is 0.01-0.30%, and the contribution fluctuation amounts of the P in the center and the edge of the core layer
Figure FDA0002354173190000011
Δ P10 is less than or equal to 5%.
3. The small core diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein F is a negative dopant in the core layer, the F doping amount is increased in an increasing manner from the center of the core layer toward the edge of the core layer, the contribution amount of F in the center of the core layer Δ F0 is from 0.0% to-0.1%, and the contribution amount of F in the edge of the core layer Δ F1 is from-0.45% to-0.10%.
4. The small core diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the P concentration variation of the inner cladding is divided into a flat region and a graded region from the inside to the outside, the concentration of the flat region is substantially maintained, the concentration of the P concentration of the graded region is gradually increased or gradually decreased, the width T1 of the flat region is 0.1 to 2 μm, and the width T2 of the graded region is 0.5 to 4 μm.
5. The small core diameter compatible graded index optical fiber of claim 4, wherein the contribution of P at the outer edge of the inner cladding is Δ P2, and the difference between the contribution of P at the boundary between the core layer and the inner cladding and the outer edge of the inner cladding is Δ P21 ═ Δ P2- Δ P1, and Δ P21 is-0.3% to-0.01% or 0.01% to 0.20%.
6. The small core diameter compatible graded index optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said inner cladding has a contribution of F doping Δ F2 of-0.30% to-0.01%.
7. The small core diameter-compatible graded-index optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said optical fiber has a bandwidth of 3500MHz-km or more at a wavelength of 850nm, a bandwidth of 2000MHz-km or more at a wavelength of 950nm, and a bandwidth of 500MHz-km or more at a wavelength of 1300 nm.
8. The small core diameter-compatible graded-index optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical fiber has a bandwidth of 5000MHz-km or more at a wavelength of 850nm, a bandwidth of 3300MHz-km or more at a wavelength of 950nm, and a bandwidth of 600MHz-km or more at a wavelength of 1300 nm.
9. The small core diameter compatible graded index optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said optical fiber has a bend add loss of less than 0.2dB at a wavelength of 850nm resulting from 2 turns at a 7.5 mm bend radius; bending additional losses of less than 0.5dB at 1300nm wavelength, caused by 2 turns with a 7.5 mm bending radius.
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CN106707407A (en) * 2016-12-30 2017-05-24 中天科技精密材料有限公司 Wideband semi-step type multimode optical fiber
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