CN109143359B - Automatic extraction method of quantitative description parameters of submarine water channel based on seismic data - Google Patents
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Abstract
the invention discloses an automatic extraction method of quantitative description parameters of an ocean floor water channel based on seismic data, which comprises the following steps: A. drawing the plane form of the water channel; B. drawing the section form of the water channel; C. measuring water channel plane characterization parameters; D. measuring water channel section characterization parameters; E. measuring a characteristic parameter of the natural dike; the invention can effectively and automatically track the forms of the water channel plane and the section plane in a large amount of irregular three-dimensional seismic coordinates. And automatically measuring the characterization parameters of the water outlet channel and the natural dike according to the coordinate points corresponding to the shapes of the plane and the section.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to geological resources and geological engineering, in particular to an automatic extraction method of quantitative description parameters of an ocean floor water channel based on seismic data.
background
The three-dimensional seismic exploration technology is the most important method in geophysical exploration and is also the main exploration technology of underground natural mineral products such as petroleum, natural gas, coal and the like in the world at present. Three-dimensional seismic exploration can obtain not only a seismic profile but also a data volume in three-dimensional space. The density of information points of the three-dimensional data volume can reach 12.5 m × 12.5 m (namely, one data is acquired in an area of 12.5 m × 12.5 m), and the density of information points of the two-dimensional measuring line is generally 1 km × 1 km at most. Due to the fact that the three-dimensional seismic exploration obtains abundant information, the seismic section is high in resolution, and underground ancient rivers, ancient lakes, ancient mountains, ancient karst landforms, faults and the like can be directly or indirectly reflected. Geological exploration personnel use high-quality three-dimensional seismic data to find oil and gas, and Bohai Bay Nanbao oil fields, Sichuan common light gas fields, No. I gas fields in Tarim basin towers and the like recently discovered in China are all attributed to high-precision three-dimensional seismic exploration technology.
the three-dimensional seismic data are widely applied to deep sea oil and gas exploration, and the spatial form of a submarine water channel can be intuitively reflected in a three-dimensional visualization mode through the manual interpretation of a two-dimensional section of the three-dimensional seismic data. Although some commercial software can qualitatively demonstrate the spatial morphology of the submarine water channel through a three-dimensional visualization method, extraction and measurement of quantitative description parameters of the submarine water channel cannot be realized. In the fields of geological resources and geological engineering, the conventional method for picking up the quantitative description parameters of the submarine water channel mainly adopts a manual mode, namely, a seismic section which transversely cuts the flow direction of the water channel is manually selected, and then the quantitative description parameters such as the width and the depth of the water channel are manually measured based on the water channel seismic identification result, so that the problems of manual error, low working efficiency, unreliable water channel quantitative description parameter data, small available information quantity and the like are caused, the internal structure and quantitative scale of a deep sea sand body are seriously restricted, the quality of well position design and development concept design is reduced, and the drilling risk is increased.
At present, a technical method capable of automatically tracking the flow direction of a water outlet channel according to three-dimensional coordinates does not exist, identification and division of three-dimensional configuration forms mostly adopt manual work, so that the low efficiency and description errors of configuration form explanation are caused, and the multidimensional and accurate quantitative description of configuration units by utilizing seismic data is prevented. In addition, the prior research technology also lacks the automatic three-dimensional shape drawing of the filling structure in the water channel.
Disclosure of Invention
aiming at the problems, the invention provides an automatic extraction method of quantitative description parameters of a submarine water channel based on seismic data, aiming at defining various geometric characterization parameters according to a section and plane coordinates of a deep-sea water channel configuration provided by three-dimensional seismic data and automatically measuring the sizes of the various characterization parameters by using a certain mathematical method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for automatically extracting quantitative description parameters of a submarine water channel based on seismic data comprises the following steps:
A. drawing the plane form of the water channel: determining the deepest point of the water channel, namely the position of the hong paddy point, according to the minimum point of the Z coordinate in the U-shaped interface of the seismic slice water channel, and then determining the positions of the two banks of the water channel to the high point according to the maximum points of the Z coordinates on the left side and the right side of the hong paddy point; calculating the middle point coordinate of the connecting line of the two points through the coordinates of the left and right banks to the high point, namely the coordinate of the central axis point of the water channel; the connecting line of the extreme elevation point and the middle axis point in the continuous seismic section forms the plane form of the water channel, and the connecting line of the middle axis point is a central axis and represents the flow path of the water channel;
B. Drawing the section form of the water channel: according to the connecting line between the adjacent central axis points, calculating the perpendicular plane of the connecting line between the adjacent central axis points, and determining the extension direction of the section along the flow direction of the water channel, wherein coordinate points on the perpendicular plane form the shape of the section of the water channel;
C. Measuring water channel plane characterization parameters: measuring plane characterization parameters of the whole water channel and plane characterization parameters of water channel bending according to coordinate points on a central axis of the water channel;
D. measuring water channel section characterization parameters: measuring a section characterization parameter of the water channel according to the coordinate point of the water channel section;
E. measuring the characterization parameters of the natural dike: and measuring the characteristic parameters of the section of the natural dike according to the shape of the wedge-shaped body at the outer side of the two banks to the high point of the water channel.
preferably, the plane characteristic parameters of the water channel comprise the straight length of the water channel, the flow length of the water channel and the curvature of the water channel, and the plane characteristic parameters of the water channel bending comprise the bending length of the water channel, the bending amplitude of the water channel and the bending impact angle of the water channel.
Preferably, the section characterization parameters of the water channel comprise the maximum width of the water channel, the minimum width of the water channel, the maximum depth of the water channel, the minimum depth of the water channel, the left width and the right width of the water channel, and the left depth and the right depth of the water channel; the left width of the water channel is the absolute value of the difference between the X coordinates of the left bank and the Honggu point, and the right width of the water channel is the absolute value of the difference between the X coordinates of the right bank and the Honggu point; the left depth of the water channel is the absolute value of the difference between the Z coordinates of the left bank and the Honggu point, and the right depth of the water channel is the absolute value of the difference between the Z coordinates of the right bank and the Honggu point.
Preferably, the characteristic parameters of the natural embankment section comprise the height of the natural embankment, the transverse extension of the natural embankment and the slope of an outer slope of the natural embankment; the transverse extension of the natural dike is the absolute value of the X coordinate difference between the left bank extreme point and the right bank extreme point and the X coordinate difference between the left natural dike point and the right natural dike point; the slope of the outer slope of the natural dike is as follows: the distance between the extreme high points of the left bank and the right bank and the horizontal straight line where the extinction point of the natural bank point on the same side is located is the ratio of the distance between the extreme high points of the left bank and the right bank and the extinction point of the natural bank point on the same side to the distance between the extreme high points of the left bank and the right bank and the extinction point of the natural bank point on the same side, namely the sine value.
Preferably, the coordinate points on the midplane originate from different seismic slices.
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention discloses an automatic extraction method of quantitative description parameters of an ocean bottom water channel based on seismic data, which can effectively and automatically track the shapes of the plane and the section of the water channel in a large number of irregular three-dimensional seismic coordinates. And automatically measuring the characterization parameters of the water outlet channel and the natural dike according to the coordinate points corresponding to the shapes of the plane and the section.
Drawings
in order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not limiting on the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a water course profile exhibited by raw three-dimensional seismic data in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the locations of water channel shores to high points and the traces of the water channel shores in a seismic section of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the channel plan configuration established by the axis and the two shore trajectory lines of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waterway of the present invention as defined by midperpendicular planes of adjacent pivot points;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the present invention for measuring water channel and water channel bending plane characterization parameters;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for measuring water channel and external natural profile characterization parameters.
Detailed Description
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of the word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, in this disclosure is intended to mean that the elements or items listed before that word, include the elements or items listed after that word, and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
as shown in fig. 1 to 2, a method for automatically extracting quantitative description parameters of an ocean bottom water channel based on seismic data includes the following steps:
A. drawing the plane form of the water channel: as shown in fig. 1-3, the three-dimensional configuration of the water course is plotted in successive seismic slices, each seismic slice containing a plurality of three-dimensional coordinates; however, a large number of three-dimensional coordinates cannot be directly used for measuring the characterization parameters of the plane or section of the water channel, so the position of the water channel paddy field point is established according to the minimum point of the Z coordinate (longitudinal coordinate) in the U-shaped interface of the water channel in the seismic slice, and then the positions of the two banks of the water channel to the high point are established according to the maximum point of the Z coordinate on the two sides of the paddy field point; the coordinate of the middle point V of the connecting line is obtained through the coordinates of the high points X and Z of the left and right banks (J and K) of the water channel, namely the coordinate of the middle shaft point, and is expressed as follows:
the connecting line of the middle vertices and the middle axis points of the continuous seismic slices forms the plane shape of the water channel, wherein the connecting line of the middle axis points is the central axis and represents the flow path of the water channel;
B. Drawing the section form of the water channel: as shown in fig. 4, according to the connecting line between the adjacent central axis points, the central vertical plane of the connecting line between the adjacent central axis points is calculated, the extending direction of the section along the flowing direction of the water channel is established, and the coordinate points on the central vertical plane form the shape of the section of the water channel;
the cross section of the water channel along the flowing direction is a normal observation standard of the cross section shape of the water channel in the conventional research, but not a horizontal slice, because the section shape explanation of the water channel slice at a high bend has a very large error, and a perpendicular bisector L P of adjacent central axis points (p n and p n+1) on the central axis is represented as follows:
The closest point to the Y coordinate of the cross section of the midperpendicular L P constitutes the configuration of the channel section, i.e., the coordinate points on the midperpendicular between adjacent pivot points, which are derived from different seismic slices.
C. Measuring the plane parameters of the water channel: according to the coordinate points on the central axis of the water channel, measuring the plane characterization parameters of the whole water channel and the plane characterization parameters of the water channel bending, as shown in fig. 5:
1) The straight length of the water channel:
based on the size of the Y coordinate of the coordinate point on the plane central axis, a starting point S and an end point E of the water channel are screened from all the coordinate points on the central axis, wherein the starting point is the point with the minimum Y coordinate, and the end point is the point with the maximum Y coordinate. Then, the euclidean distance formula and X, Y coordinates of the start point and the end point are used to obtain the straight length D of the water channel, which is expressed as follows:
2) Flow length of water course:
obtaining the length (D i, 0< i < n) of different line segments by using the Euclidean distance formula of the formula (1) according to the X and Y coordinates of the adjacent central axis points, and obtaining the length of the curve between the starting point and the end point by adding the Euclidean distances of the adjacent line segments, namely the flow length, wherein the flow length is expressed as follows:
3) curvature of the water channel:
Further, the curvature Sin of the water channel is obtained from the ratio of the curve length C of the water channel to the diameter length D of the water channel, which is expressed as follows:
4) length of water course bend:
The curve length C b between the bending starting point and the bending ending point is the superposition of the segment lengths (D j, 0< j < m) of m-1 adjacent middle shaft points between the starting point and the bending ending point and is represented as follows:
5) The bending amplitude of the water channel:
according to the plane coordinates of the bending starting point and the bending end point, a straight line L can be established, and the expression of the straight line L is as follows:
A0x+B0y+C0＝0 (5)
From the point where the curvature is at the maximum or minimum X coordinate on the central axis, the vertex F of the curvature is determined to be (X F, y F), and the distance from the vertex to the straight line L, i.e., the channel curvature amplitude D a, is expressed as follows:
6) angle of impact of water course bending:
based on the point where the curve of the channel is at the minimum or maximum X coordinate of the line connecting the left and right banks of the channel, the positions Ai (X Ai, y Ai) and Ao (X Ao, y Ao) of the curve apex on the left and right banks of the channel are determined, the over curve apex F (which is also the midpoint of the line connecting Ai and Ao) is defined as the perpendicular bisector LM of the line connecting Ai and Ao, as follows:
Then, the distance D s from the bending starting point to the perpendicular bisector LM is calculated by using the same point-to-straight line distance expression formula as the formula (6), the distance D as from the bending starting point to the bending vertex F is calculated according to the same two-point distance formula as the formula (1), and the ratio of D s to D as is the sine value of the waterway impact angle, and the waterway impact angle a is expressed as follows:
D. Measurement of water channel section parameters: measuring the section characterization parameters of the water channel according to the coordinate points of the water channel section, as shown in fig. 6:
1) maximum width of the water channel:
The position of a hong millet point Z in a water course section is established according to the point with the smallest Z coordinate in the section, then the positions of the high points on the left and the right banks in the section are established according to the point with the largest Z coordinate on the two sides of the hong millet point, and further the maximum width W max of the water course is calculated according to the absolute value of the difference of the X coordinates on the section of the high points on the two banks (PL-left bank and PR-right bank) in the section, which is expressed as follows:
Wmax＝|xPL-xPR| (9)
2) Minimum width of water course:
establishing a lower bank point PLOW according to the point with the smaller Z coordinate in PL and PR, and establishing a higher bank point as PHICH, when the position of PLOW is established, searching a projection point of PLOW on the other waterway bank, namely a point PCO with the Z coordinate being closest to PLOW, wherein the absolute value of the difference of the X coordinates of PLOW and PCO, namely the minimum width W min of the waterway is expressed as follows:
Wmin＝|xPLOW-xPCO| (10)
3) maximum depth of the water channel:
from the absolute value of the difference in Z coordinates of the hong grain point Z and the higher bank point PHIGH, the maximum depth of the channel is obtained (D max), expressed as follows:
Dmax＝|ZPHIGH-ZZ| (11)
4) minimum depth of water course:
from the absolute value of the difference in the Z coordinate of the hong grain point Z and the lower bank point PLOW, the maximum depth of the channel D min is obtained, expressed as follows:
Dmin＝|ZPLOW-ZZ| (12)
5) left and right width of the water channel:
the expression of the horizontal line L h in which the maximum width lies is determined by the Z coordinate of PHIGH and is expressed as follows:
y＝ZPHIGH (13)
honggu dot projects dot ZT on Z horizontal straight line L h, namely, the dot with the same X coordinate with Z on the straight line, the maximum width of the water channel is divided into left width and right width, the left width W left is the absolute value of the X coordinate difference between the PL of the left bank to the high point and the projection point ZT, and is expressed as follows:
Wleft＝|xPL-xZT| (14)
The right width W right is the absolute value of the difference in X coordinates between the right bank vertices PR and the projected points ZT, and is expressed as follows:
Wright＝|xPR-xZT| (15)
6) left and right depths of the water channel:
from the absolute value of the difference in the Z coordinates of the hong grain point (Z) and the left bank-to-high point PL, the left depth of the waterway D left is obtained, expressed as follows:
Dleft＝|zPL-zZ| (16)
from the absolute value of the difference in the Z coordinates of the hong paddy point Z and the right bank to high point PR, the right depth D right of the water course is obtained, expressed as follows:
Dright＝|zPR-zZ| (17)
E. Measurement of natural bank parameters: and measuring the characteristic parameters of the section of the natural dike according to the shape of the wedge-shaped body at the outer side of the two banks to the high point of the water channel.
1) height of the natural dike:
if the original data includes the form coordinates of the natural dikes outside the two sides, the positions (IL and IR) of the natural dike tip vanishing points are determined according to the coordinate of the minimum Z coordinate from the two banks to the high point of the water channel to the two sides in the cross section, taking the left natural dike as an example, the absolute value of the Z coordinate difference between the left bank to the high point PL of the water channel and the left natural dike tip vanishing point IL is the height H L of the natural dike, and is expressed as follows:
HL＝|ZPL-ZIL| (18)
2) lateral extension of the natural dike:
Taking the left natural bank as an example, the absolute value of the difference between the X coordinates of the elevation point PL of the left bank of the water channel and the pinch-off point IL of the left natural bank is the lateral extension E L of the natural bank, and is expressed as follows:
EL＝|xPL-xIL| (18)
(3) the slope of the outer slope of the natural dike:
Taking the left natural dike as an example, the expression of a horizontal straight line LI where a left natural dike point vanishing point (IL) is located is as follows:
y＝ZIL (19)
Calculating the distance D1 between PL and LI and the distance D2 between PL and IL through the same distance formula between two points as shown in formula (1), and the ratio of D1 to D2 is the sine value of the slope of the outer slope of the left natural bank, and the slope of the outer slope of the left natural bank a L is expressed as follows:
although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A submarine water channel quantitative description parameter automatic extraction method based on seismic data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. drawing the plane form of the water channel: determining the deepest point of the water channel, namely the position of the hong paddy point, according to the minimum point of the Z coordinate in the U-shaped interface of the seismic slice water channel, and then determining the positions of the two banks of the water channel to the high point according to the maximum points of the Z coordinates on the left side and the right side of the hong paddy point; calculating the middle point coordinate of the connecting line of the two points through the coordinates of the left and right banks to the high point, namely the coordinate of the central axis point of the water channel; the connecting line of the extreme elevation point and the middle axis point in the continuous seismic section forms the plane form of the water channel, and the connecting line of the middle axis point is a central axis and represents the flow path of the water channel;
B. drawing the section form of the water channel: according to the connecting line between the adjacent central axis points, calculating the perpendicular plane of the connecting line between the adjacent central axis points, and determining the extension direction of the section along the flow direction of the water channel, wherein coordinate points on the perpendicular plane form the shape of the section of the water channel;
C. measuring water channel plane characterization parameters: measuring plane characterization parameters of the whole water channel and plane characterization parameters of water channel bending according to coordinate points on a central axis of the water channel;
D. Measuring water channel section characterization parameters: measuring a section characterization parameter of the water channel according to the coordinate point of the water channel section;
E. measuring the characterization parameters of the natural dike: and measuring the characteristic parameters of the section of the natural dike according to the shape of the wedge-shaped body at the outer side of the two banks to the high point of the water channel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters for the quantitative description of the water course on the seabed are represented by the straight length of the water course, the flow length of the water course, and the curvature of the water course, and the parameters for the plane representation of the water course bending include the length of the water course bending, the amplitude of the water course bending, and the impact angle of the water course bending.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel profile characterization parameters include a maximum channel width, a minimum channel width, a maximum channel depth, a minimum channel depth, left and right channel widths, and left and right channel depths; the left width of the water channel is the absolute value of the difference between the X coordinates of the left bank and the Honggu point, and the right width of the water channel is the absolute value of the difference between the X coordinates of the right bank and the Honggu point; the left depth of the water channel is the absolute value of the difference between the Z coordinates of the left bank and the Honggu point, and the right depth of the water channel is the absolute value of the difference between the Z coordinates of the right bank and the Honggu point.
4. the method for automatically extracting quantitative description parameters of the ocean bottom water channel based on the seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the characterization parameters of the natural embankment section include height of the natural embankment, lateral extension of the natural embankment, and slope inclination of an outer slope of the natural embankment; the transverse extension of the natural dike is the absolute value of the X coordinate difference between the left bank extreme point and the right bank extreme point and the X coordinate difference between the left natural dike point and the right natural dike point; the slope of the outer slope of the natural dike is as follows: the distance between the extreme high points of the left bank and the right bank and the horizontal straight line where the extinction point of the natural bank point on the same side is located is the ratio of the distance between the extreme high points of the left bank and the right bank and the extinction point of the natural bank point on the same side to the distance between the extreme high points of the left bank and the right bank and the extinction point of the natural bank point on the same side, namely the sine value.
5. the method of claim 1, wherein the coordinate points on the midperpendicular are from different seismic slices.
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