CN109143345A - Quality factor q nonlinear inversion and system based on simulated annealing - Google Patents
Quality factor q nonlinear inversion and system based on simulated annealing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of quality factor q nonlinear inversion and system based on simulated annealing, this method comprises: obtaining micro logging data using dual-borehole microlog observation system；The direct wave of same gun excitation is extracted from the micro logging data, calculates attenuation curve；By introducing quality factor q prior information varying with frequency, non-linear objective function is established based on the attenuation curve；Using the parameter in objective function described in simulated annealing non-linear inversion, and then acquire Q value varying with frequency.Compared with prior art, normal Q is avoided it is assumed that directly seeking the Q value that frequency becomes, is conducive to the energy for accurately compensating formation absorption loss, provides data basis for high-precision imaging.This method eliminates the errors that inversion method in the case of being assumed in conventional method based on normal Q is introduced, and improve the precision that Q value is sought.This method utilizes micro-logging data, improves the precision and stability of result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of geophysical exploration, specifically design and a kind of utilize the close of simulated annealing non-linear inversion
Earth's surface Q value modeling technique, can be applied to the seism processing in geophysical prospecting for oil.
Background technique
Due to the Viscoelastic effect on stratum, seismic wave meeting occurrence frequency in communication process absorbs and phase distortion, this is tight
The resolution ratio of seismic data is reduced again.Quality factor q can quantitatively portray attenuation.By accurately seeking Q value,
And inverse Q filtering is utilized, the resolution ratio and energy of seismic data can be restored.Therefore, it is crucial for how accurately seeking Q value.
Currently, Q value acquiring method is to assume situation based on normal Q, i.e. hypothesis Q does not change with the variation of frequency, among these
Frequency spectrum ratio method is the most commonly used.It estimates Q value according to the changing rule of frequency during attenuation by absorption, and linear by logarithmic spectrum returns
Return estimation underground attenuation model, not will receive the influence of the frequencies irrelevant factor such as geometrical attenuation and transmission loss.Theoretically, if
Quality factor q is that frequency is unrelated, then spectrum can accurately acquire Q value than method.
However, either still showing Q more from the experiment of core sample measurement from the theoretical research of attenuating mechanism at present
It is intended to frequency dependence, i.e. Q is not unalterable with frequency.In this case, attenuation curve is no longer the line of frequency
Property function, but show a kind of nonlinear attenuation trend, therefore conventional Q value acquiring method can have biggish error,
It is no longer desirable for frequency and relies on seeking for Q value.
Micro-logging data is often used for seeking NEAR SURFACE Q value due to its higher signal-to-noise ratio and relatively simple wave field,
Its wider frequency band is also beneficial to the frequency dependence of analysis Q.By designing reasonable micro logging observation system, can eliminate sharp
Hair such as receives at the influence of factors, extracts the attenuation curve that is not affected by other factors, analyzes its nonlinear characteristic, inverting frequency according to
Bad Q value.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is designing a kind of new nonlinear absorption parameter inversion method using dual-borehole microlog data,
The influence that elimination excitation condition and receiving factor estimate near surface absorption parameter, while by reasonably choosing frequency band, it avoids
The influence near field and high-frequency noise obtains high-precision attenuation curve.Finally relied on using simulated annealing estimation near surface frequency
Quality factor q, eliminate normal Q and assume the estimation error that lower conventional method introduces, improve inversion accuracy.
The present invention is directed to the Q value modeling problem of near surface region, proposes a kind of product based on simulated annealing
Prime factor Q nonlinear inversion, this method comprises:
Micro logging data are obtained using dual-borehole microlog observation system；
The direct wave of same gun excitation is extracted from the micro logging data, calculates attenuation curve；
By introducing quality factor q prior information varying with frequency, Nonlinear Parameter is established based on the attenuation curve
Function；
Using the parameter in objective function described in simulated annealing non-linear inversion, and then acquire quality varying with frequency
Factor Q value.
Further, the dual-borehole microlog observation system includes a bite excitation well and a bite received well.The received well
Depth is equal to excitation well depth, in the well head of the received well and the wave detector of shaft bottom placement same type.
Preferably, in the excitation well using etc. doses explosive by deep and shallowly excite at equal intervals.
Further, the direct wave for same gun excitation being extracted from the micro logging data includes: to be extracted using Hamming window
Same gun excitation, received well well head and shaft bottom while received twice seismic signal direct wave x1(t),x2(t), Fourier transformation
It is indicated afterwards in frequency domain are as follows:
xi(f)=s (f) gi(f)q(r)exp(-πfΔtQ-1(f)), i=1,2
Wherein s (f) is focus response, gi(f) receiver response for being i-th, all receiver responses are consistent herein, q
(r) indicate that the frequencies outliers such as spherical diffusion, Δ t indicate the travel-time difference of twice signal, Q (f) changes to be to be asked with frequency
Quality factor.
Further, by following mathematical operation, attenuation curve is obtained
WhereinRespectively signal x1(f),x2(f) logarithm,For frequency outlier operator.
Further, quality factor q prior information varying with frequency is introduced, it is as follows to establish Q relationship varying with frequency:
Wherein f0For reference frequency, Q-1(f0) it is corresponding Q value under reference frequency, exponential term γ is constant, and 0.0≤γ
< 1.0；
Sgn () is sign function, is indicated are as follows:
Further, non-linear objective function is established based on the attenuation curve are as follows:
Pass through three parameter Q in objective function described in simulated annealing non-linear inversion-1(f0),f0, γ, and then acquire
Q(f)。
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of quality factor q non-linear inversion system based on simulated annealing is provided,
The system includes:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Micro logging data are obtained using dual-borehole microlog observation system；
The direct wave of same gun excitation is extracted from the micro logging data, calculates attenuation curve；
By introducing quality factor q prior information varying with frequency, Nonlinear Parameter is established based on the attenuation curve
Function；
Using the parameter in objective function described in simulated annealing non-linear inversion, and then acquire quality varying with frequency
Factor Q value.
The present invention provides a kind of nonlinear inversions for seeking Q value.Compared with prior art, it avoids
Normal Q is conducive to the energy for accurately compensating formation absorption loss, provides to be imaged in high precision it is assumed that directly seek the Q value that frequency becomes
Data basis.
In addition, being improved this method eliminates the error that inversion method in the case of being assumed in conventional method based on normal Q is introduced
The precision that Q value is sought.
In addition, this method utilizes micro-logging data, the precision and stability of result are improved.
1) nonlinear method is introduced into the inverting of Q value, the absorption parameter on stratum is accurately sought using simulated annealing.
2) micro-logging data inverting near surface absorption parameter is utilized, the noise immunity and stability of algorithm are improved.
3) influence that excitation condition is eliminated by mathematical operation appropriate, improves the reliability of result.
4) wave detector only is disposed in the well head of received well and shaft bottom, the difficulty of field acquisition is reduced, it ensure that detection
The consistency of device coupling avoids the influence for receiving difference to inversion result.
Detailed description of the invention
Disclosure illustrative embodiments are described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the disclosure above-mentioned and its
Its purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in disclosure illustrative embodiments, identical reference label
Typically represent same parts.
Fig. 1 is the dual-borehole microlog observation system schematic diagram of model test in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the near-surface velocity thickness model of model test design in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is any big gun trace gather that model test extracts in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and ordinate indicates time (ms), horizontal seat
Mark indicates road number.
Fig. 4 is that theoretical model adds the trace gather after making an uproar in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and ordinate indicates time (ms), abscissa table
Show number.
Fig. 5 is for theoretical model Q value non-linear inversion in the embodiment of the present invention 1 as a result, ordinate indicates Q-1, abscissa table
Show frequency (Hz).
Fig. 6 is the observation system of real data in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 7 is the near-surface velocity thickness model explained in real data according to first arrival in the embodiment of the present invention 2, is indulged
Axis indicates depth (m), and horizontal axis indicates time (ms) and speed (m/s).
Fig. 8 is the twice signal for extracting any big gun in the embodiment of the present invention 2 in real data, and ordinate indicates the time
(ms), abscissa indicates road number.
Fig. 9 is the Q value inversion result of real data in the embodiment of the present invention 2, and ordinate indicates that Q-1, abscissa indicate frequency
Rate (Hz).
Figure 10 is the compensation result of real data in the embodiment of the present invention 2, and the longitudinal axis indicates that amplitude, horizontal axis indicate frequency
(Hz)。
Figure 11 shows the flow chart of the quality factor q nonlinear inversion the present invention is based on simulated annealing.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in attached drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without the embodiment party that should be illustrated here
Formula is limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be more thorough and complete, and can be by the disclosure
Range is completely communicated to those skilled in the art.
Method of the invention is based on dual-borehole microlog data, is eliminated by designing operation appropriate and reasonable observation system
The influence of the factors such as excitation reception, be not stimulated the attenuation curve for receiving and influencing, later by reasonably choosing frequency band model
It encloses, introduces Q prior information varying with frequency, non-linear objective function is established, by seeking control product using simulated annealing
The Q value that the final calculated rate of three parameters of prime factor relies on.
As shown in figure 11, the present disclosure proposes a kind of quality factor q nonlinear inversion based on simulated annealing, the party
Method includes:
Micro logging data are obtained using dual-borehole microlog observation system；
The direct wave of same gun excitation is extracted from the micro logging data, calculates attenuation curve；
By introducing quality factor q prior information varying with frequency, Nonlinear Parameter is established based on the attenuation curve
Function；
Using the parameter in objective function described in simulated annealing non-linear inversion, and then acquire quality varying with frequency
Factor Q value.
Dual-borehole microlog observation system is designed first, and only in well head shaft bottom, placement wave detector guarantees to receive response one received well
It causes, avoids receiving difference.Dual-borehole microlog observation system includes a bite excitation well and a bite received well.Well depth is received equal to sharp
Well depth is sent out, in the well head of received well and the wave detector of shaft bottom placement same type.It receives well depth and is equal to excitation well depth, only
Near the well head of received well and the wave detector of shaft bottom placement same type avoids connecing to guarantee that geophone coupling response is consistent
Receive differentia influence.
Preferably, in excitation well using etc. doses explosive by deep and shallowly excite at equal intervals.
Then high-quality direct wave is extracted from micro logging data by Hamming window, chooses same gun excitation, well head shaft bottom
Two track datas calculate attenuation curve, avoid excitation differentia influence；Q prior information varying with frequency is introduced later, is established non-thread
Property objective function；Three parameters for controlling Q value varying with frequency are finally solved using simulated annealing, and then are acquired final
Near surface Q value varying with frequency.
Next, extracting same gun excitation, received well well head and shaft bottom using Hamming window, received twice earthquake is believed simultaneously
Number direct wave x1(t),x2(t), it can be indicated after Fourier transformation in frequency domain are as follows:
xi(f)=s (f) gi(f)q(r)exp(-πfΔtQ-1(f)), i=1,2
Wherein s (f) is focus response, gi(f) receiver response for being i-th, all receiver responses are consistent herein,
Q (r) indicates that the frequencies outlier such as spherical diffusion, Δ t indicate the travel-time difference of twice signal, can by speed thickness model,
It is calculated using ray tracing, Q (f) is that frequency to be asked becomes quality factor.It preferably, can the micro logging data as obtained by picking up
First arrival time explain to obtain calculating of the near-surface velocity thickness model for travel-time difference.
By designing following mathematical operation, eliminating excitation influences, and obtains attenuation curve
WhereinRespectively signal x1(f),x2(f) logarithm,For frequency outlier operator.
By introducing quality factor q prior information varying with frequency, it is as follows to establish Q relationship varying with frequency:
Wherein f0For reference frequency, Q-1(f0) it is corresponding Q value under reference frequency, exponential term γ is a constant, and 0.0≤
γ < 1.0.
Sgn () is sign function, can be indicated are as follows:
Finally, quality factor q prior information varying with frequency is substituted into, target is established according to the attenuation curve of calculating
Function:
Pass through three parameter Q in simulated annealing non-linear inversion objective function-1(f0),f0, γ, and then acquire Q
(f)。
A concrete application example is given below in the scheme and its effect of the embodiment of the present invention for ease of understanding.This field
It should be understood to the one skilled in the art that the example is only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, any detail is not intended to be limited in any way
The system present invention.
Embodiment 1: model test
To prove the correctness and validity of the method, and show that the method has higher precision, below by
One model experiment is illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, one gun excitation of design, 2 received dual-borehole microlog observation systems.Assuming that near surface depth is 4
Rice.The depth of excitation well is 20 meters, is excited using shaft bottom, 20 meters of shooting depth.Receiving well depth is 4 meters, in well head and shaft bottom
The identical wave detector of a type is disposed respectively.Well spacing is 4 meters.
As shown in Fig. 2, designing a model as the speed of low velocity layer (LVL) and speed reduction layer is respectively v1=450m/s, v2=1300m/s；
The quality factor of low velocity layer (LVL) and speed reduction layer is respectively(i.e. Q-1(f0)=0.2, f0=
260, γ=0.5),(i.e.f0=280, γ=0.75).The present invention
Purpose be that exact inversion obtains low velocity layer (LVL) quality factor q-1 1(f)。
As shown in figure 3, obtaining twice seismic signal using observation system of the present invention.Ordinate indicates time, horizontal seat
Mark indicates that road number, ordinate indicate time (ms), and abscissa indicates road number.
As shown in figure 4, adding random noise, signal-to-noise ratio 10 to the gross data of Fig. 3, ordinate indicates time, abscissa
Indicate road number.The frequency spectrum of noise severe jamming useful signal, ordinate indicate time (ms), and abscissa indicates road number.
It makes an uproar and the attenuation curve in noisy situation as shown in figure 5, calculating separately nothing using earthquake record logarithmic spectrum
Solve three parameter Q of Control platform factor Q in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively using simulated annealing-1(f0),f0,γ.Wherein Fig. 3
It is Q that data acquired results of making an uproar, which are not added,-1(f0)=0.2009, f0=259.2708, γ=0.5018.Fig. 4's adds obtained by data of making an uproar
It as a result is Q-1(f0)=0.1985, γ=0.5235, f0=263.8652.Conventional method acquired results are normal Q value: Q-1=
0.1522.Contrast model data can be seen that conventional method and true value gap is larger, and this method is relative to conventional method, knot
Fruit is more accurate, and method noise immunity is good, and ordinate indicates Q-1, abscissa expression frequency (Hz).
Embodiment 2: real data
As shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment is the application example of certain oil field A block.Area's topography is flat, and near surface structure compares
Simply, it is divided into two sets of stratum of low velocity layer (LVL) and speed reduction layer, the thickness of low velocity layer (LVL) is at 4 meters or so, and the thickness of speed reduction layer is on 40 meters.
In excitation well, 2 meters of minimum excitation well depth, 2 meters of shot point depth interval, excites 8 big guns altogether by 16 meters of maximum excitation well depth.In received well,
Well head and shaft bottom dispose the identical wave detector of a type respectively.Well spacing is 4m.The present invention extracts the excitation of 16 meters of shaft bottom, well head
The received twice in shaft bottom carry out NEAR SURFACE Q value non-linear inversion.
As shown in fig. 7, obtaining this area's micro-logging data using observation system described in Fig. 6, first break picking obtains the region
The speed thickness model of near surface, the longitudinal axis indicate depth (m), and horizontal axis indicates time (ms) and speed (m/s).
As shown in figure 8, choosing shaft bottom 16m excitation, it is non-thread that the received twice seismic signal in well head shaft bottom carries out NEAR SURFACE Q value
Property inverting.Ordinate indicates time (ms), and abscissa indicates road number.
As shown in figure 9, being utilized respectively the near surface that the method for the invention and conventional method obtain using the data in Fig. 8
Q value.In order to avoid the influence near field in real data, inverting frequency range is since 100Hz.Ordinate indicates Q-1, abscissa
It indicates frequency (Hz).
As shown in Figure 10, the decaying being utilized respectively between conventional method and the method for the invention inversion result calculating twice
Amount, compensates well head road seismic data, and compare with downhole data frequency spectrum.As can be seen that relative to conventional method
Overcompensation, the method for the invention can accurately restore near surface loss frequency, the longitudinal axis indicate amplitude, horizontal axis indicate frequency
Rate (Hz).
The presently disclosed embodiments is described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes are obvious for the those of ordinary skill in art field.The selection of term used herein, purport
In the principle, practical application or technological improvement to the technology in market for best explaining each embodiment, or lead this technology
Other those of ordinary skill in domain can understand each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of quality factor q nonlinear inversion based on simulated annealing, which is characterized in that this method comprises:
Micro logging data are obtained using dual-borehole microlog observation system；
The direct wave of same gun excitation is extracted from the micro logging data, calculates attenuation curve；
By introducing quality factor q prior information varying with frequency, non-linear objective function is established based on the attenuation curve；
Using the parameter in objective function described in simulated annealing non-linear inversion, and then acquire quality factor varying with frequency
Q value.
2. the quality factor q nonlinear inversion according to claim 1 based on simulated annealing, which is characterized in that institute
Stating dual-borehole microlog observation system includes a bite excitation well and a bite received well.
3. the quality factor q nonlinear inversion according to claim 2 based on simulated annealing, which is characterized in that institute
It states and receives well depth equal to excitation well depth, in the well head of the received well and the wave detector of shaft bottom placement same type.
4. the quality factor q nonlinear inversion according to claim 3 based on simulated annealing, which is characterized in that institute
State in excitation well using etc. doses explosive by deep and shallowly excite at equal intervals.
5. the quality factor q nonlinear inversion according to claim 3 based on simulated annealing, which is characterized in that from
The direct wave that same gun excitation is extracted in the micro logging data includes: to extract same gun excitation, received well well using Hamming window
Mouth and shaft bottom while received twice seismic signal direct wave x1(t),x2(t), it is indicated after Fourier transformation in frequency domain are as follows:
xi(f)=s (f) gi(f)q(r)exp(-πfΔtQ-1(f)), i=1,2
Wherein s (f) is focus response, gi(f) receiver response for being i-th, all receiver responses are consistent herein, q (r) table
Show that the frequencies outlier such as spherical diffusion, Δ t indicate the travel-time difference of twice signal, Q (f) is quality varying with frequency to be asked
The factor.
6. the quality factor q nonlinear inversion according to claim 5 based on simulated annealing, which is characterized in that logical
Following mathematical operation is crossed, attenuation curve is obtained
WhereinRespectively signal x1(f),x2(f) logarithm,For frequency outlier operator.
7. the quality factor q nonlinear inversion according to claim 5 based on simulated annealing, which is characterized in that draw
Enter quality factor q prior information varying with frequency, it is as follows to establish Q relationship varying with frequency:
Wherein f0For reference frequency, Q-1(f0) it is corresponding Q value under reference frequency, exponential term γ is constant, and 0.0≤γ <
1.0；
Sgn () is sign function, is indicated are as follows:
8. the quality factor q nonlinear inversion according to claim 7 based on simulated annealing, which is characterized in that base
Non-linear objective function is established in the attenuation curve are as follows:
Pass through three parameter Q in objective function described in simulated annealing non-linear inversion-1(f0),f0, γ, and then acquire Q (f).
9. a kind of quality factor q non-linear inversion system based on simulated annealing, which is characterized in that the system includes:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Micro logging data are obtained using dual-borehole microlog observation system；
The direct wave of same gun excitation is extracted from the micro logging data, calculates attenuation curve；
By introducing quality factor q prior information varying with frequency, non-linear objective function is established based on the attenuation curve；
Using the parameter in objective function described in simulated annealing non-linear inversion, and then acquire quality factor varying with frequency
Q value.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110554435A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-12-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | method for constructing quality factor body by using micro-logging data |
| CN110554435B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2024-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for constructing quality factor by using micro-logging data |
| CN110967749A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-07 | 东华理工大学 | VSP seismic data frequency-dependent Q value estimation and inverse Q filtering method |
| CN112415601A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining surface quality factor Q value |
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