CN103852785B - The evaluation method of formation anisotropy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The method that the present invention relates to the use of cross dipole sound wave evaluation formation anisotropy.By carrying out orientation rotation centered on the four component acoustic waveform logger axial directions that are obtained to cross dipole apparatus measures, obtain the orientation of faster slower shear wave, and then two waveform arrays are calculated, the slowness for calculating the two waveform arrays using Waveform Matching inversion method again is poor, determine faster slower shear wave sequence, so that it is determined that fast wave orientation, and indicate stratum respectively to different with the relative slowness difference of faster slower shear wave.Compared to other inversion methods, this method is both fast and accurately.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of evaluation method of formation anisotropy, and in particular to is evaluated according to cross dipole acoustic logging data
The method of formation anisotropy.
Background technology
Acoustic logging is the physical propagation characteristic according to sound wave, measures acoustic wave propagation velocity or the amplitude decay of formation downhole
Etc. rule, the logging method of the Elastic properties of the lithology on stratum, Estimation of porosity and rock is thus judged.Surveyed in oil gas
Visit in acoustic logging, dipole acoustic has directive property, the acoustic wave character on measurable stratum different directions, by using orthogonal
The transmitter-receiver group of placement measures acoustic signals and handled to analyze formation anisotropy, so as to analyze
The stress field on stratum, detection crack, the assessment for even carrying out hydrofracturing effect outside sleeve pipe.
It is when handling acoustic logging data, it is necessary to horizontal soon come inverting by the group component waveform of XX, XY, YX, YY tetra- surveyed
The slowness and orientation of ripple and slow shear-wave.A kind of processing method of acoustic logging data is disclosed in bibliography 1, in the method,
Four group component waveforms are first rotated centered on logger axial direction and obtain two array waveforms, thus obtain the side of Shear Waves Splitting
Position, then slowness estimation is carried out respectively to two waveform arrays, by the slowness size of estimation, determine Shear Waves Splitting.In addition, joining
Examine proposed in document 2 it is a kind of by orientation and the method for Shear Waves Splitting slowness difference Simultaneous Inversion, by the method increase it is each to
The accuracy and the stability in anisotropy orientation that different in nature index calculates.
The invention problem to be solved
But in the technology of above-mentioned bibliography 1, when what the difference of the slowness of Shear Waves Splitting was less than slowness method of estimation is
During error of uniting, it occur frequently that saltus step, the degree of accuracy of anisotropic index is not good enough yet in anisotropy orientation.In addition, in above-mentioned reference
In the technology of document 2, due to being the global simulated annealing inverting of two dimension, thus its amount of calculation is larger.
Bibliography 1：[Alford R M, 1986, Shear data in the presence of azimuthal
anisotropy: 56thAnn. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Explor. Geophys, 476-479]；
Bibliography 2： Tang. X.M., and Chunduru, R.K.,1998, Method for
determining earth formation shear-wave anisotropy parameters by inversion
processing of signals from a multiple-component dipole array acoustic well
logging instrument, US Patent 5,712,829；
Bibliography 3：Kimball,Christoper V., Marzetta,Thomas L.: Semblance
processing of borehole acoustic array data: Geophysics, Vol. 49, Number 3,
March 1984, 274-281；
Bibliography 4：McFadden,P.L., Drummond,B.J., Kravis,S.: The Nth Root
Stack: Theory, applications, and examples: Geophysics, Vol. 51, Number 10,
October 1986, 1879-1892。
The content of the invention
It is anti-by Waveform Matching it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that formation anisotropy is evaluated using sound wave
Method is drilled to compare the difference of the slowness of fast transverse wave and slow shear-wave, by the way that two dimensional inversion so is converted into two one-dimensional inversions, by
This can reduce amount of calculation, and the accurate of anisotropy orientation and index is improved while the speed advantage of one-dimensional inversion is retained
Property.
The evaluation method of the formation anisotropy of the present invention, formation anisotropy is evaluated using cross dipole sound wave, it is special
Sign is, including：Waveform pre-treatment step, bandpass filtering is carried out to the waveform arrived using cross dipole acoustic measurement and amplitude is equal
Weighing apparatusization；Azimuth estimating step, Inversion Calculation is carried out using waveform described in bandpass filtering and amplitude equalization has been carried out, estimation is fast
The azimuth of shear wave and slow shear-wave；Array waveshape step, according to the azimuth come calculate fast transverse wave array waveform with it is slow
Shear wave array waveform；Slowness difference calculation procedure, carried out according to the fast transverse wave array waveform and the slow shear-wave array waveform anti-
Calculating is drilled, the slowness for obtaining the fast transverse wave and the slow shear-wave is poor；Slowness calculation procedure, it is poor according to the slowness, calculate fast
The slowness of shear wave and the slowness of the slow shear-wave；And anisotropy calculation procedure, utilize poor, the described fast transverse wave of the slowness
The slowness of slowness and the slow shear-wave, calculate anisotropy.
The effect of invention
The present invention compares fast transverse wave and slow shear-wave on the basis of the processing method of early stage by Waveform Matching inversion method
Slowness difference, two dimensional inversion is so converted into two one-dimensional inversions, reduces amount of calculation, can both retain the speed of one-dimensional inversion
Degree advantage, anisotropy orientation and the accuracy of index can be improved again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart for illustrating the processing procedure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the figure of an example of the error curve for representing orientation.
Fig. 3 is the figure for the concept for illustrating Shear Waves Splitting Waveform Matching.
Fig. 4 is the figure for an example for representing slowness error curve.
Fig. 5 is the figure for an example for representing the anisotropic index curve and orientation actually obtained.
Fig. 6 is to represent the present invention and the figure of the comparative result of the technology of bibliography 1.
Fig. 7 is to represent the present invention and the figure of the comparative result of the technology of bibliography 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the process chart for the evaluation method for illustrating the formation anisotropy of the present invention.First to actually measuring
The group component waveform of XX, XY, YX, YY tetra- pre-processed respectively.In this step, band logical frequency domain is carried out to four group component waveforms
Filtering, filters out unwanted frequency scope, the bandpass filtering utilization can use FIR（Finite impulse response filter）Or IIR
Filtering（IIR filter）.Then, the amplitude of four group component waveforms after bandpass filtering is equalized, made every
Wave-shape amplitude normalization in individual array, thus eliminate the amplitude error of far and near receiver.
Next main analytical procedure is entered.Utilize the four group component waveform XX (t), XY after above-mentioned bandpass filtering and equalization
(t), YX (t), YY (t) carry out inverting, make azimuth angle theta from 0 °~360 ° changes, according to formula（1）Residual error on computer azimuth angle θ
Value E（θ）, E when obtaining different azimuth angle（θ）Error curve, residual values E（θ）Minimum it is corresponding be exactly corresponding
The azimuth angle theta of fast transverse wave or slow shear-wave.
In the range of 360 degree, there are 4 residual values E（θ）Minimum, due to 4 residual values E（θ）Minimum corresponding to
Azimuth angle theta be in orthogonality relation each other, so any one residual values E can be chosen herein（θ）Minimum carry out
Calculate.Using golden methods（Fibonacci method）Inverting obtains a minimum residual values E（θ）Corresponding azimuth angle theta, it is false
It is fast transverse wave corresponding to the fixed azimuth angle theta, then is exactly slow shear-wave corresponding to θ ± 90 °, passes through formula（2）, using in above-mentioned steps
The azimuth angle theta of acquisition, obtain fast transverse wave array waveform FP（t）With slow shear-wave array waveform SP（t）.
Next, the slowness difference δ s of FP (t) and SP (t) arrays are calculated with waveform-matching approach.First, estimating using slowness
Meter method estimates the slowness S of XX array waveforms（θ）, slowness S（θ）Method of estimation be, for example, the similar correlation technique of multiple tracks（Ginseng
Examine document 3）, n times method for root（Bibliography 4）Deng because being conventional method, omitting it and illustrate.In addition, at this
In can also estimate the slowness of XY, YX, YY array waveform.
Then, formula is utilized（3）Formula will be passed through（2）The fast transverse wave array FP calculated（t）With slow shear-wave array SP（t）Carry out
Match two-by-two, as shown in figure 3, make full use of the redundancy of waveform to suppress noise and improve signal to noise ratio, as instrument is along well
Cylinder movement measures, and 8 receivers will all pass through same depth point, i.e., 8 acoustic waveforms can be obtained in each depth point,
8 waveform signals are made full use of to carry out the processing such as amplitude equalization, you can to play a part of suppressing noise and improve signal to noise ratio.
Herein, wherein, E (δ s) is the residual values of Waveform Matching, and δ z are the distance between two neighboring receivers, m, n
Which receiver, z are represented respectivelymIt is the distance between m-th of receiver of transmitter distance.S2It is the slowness of slow shear-wave, can be by
Formula（4）It is calculated.
Utilize above-mentioned numerical expression（3）、（4）, FP when Waveform Matching residual values E (δ s) is minimum is obtained by inversion method
(t) and SP (t) arrays slowness difference δ s.The inversion method can be local inversion method, such as Fibonacci method or entirely
Office's inversion method, such as simulated annealing method.Gone on to say below in case of using global inversion method.
Specifically, using slowness difference δ s as the error function E (δ s) of variable as shown in figure 4, there are multiple minimums, here
The method being combined using gridding with local extremum, slowness difference is divided into less grid first, E is searched in this grid
The local minimum of the local smaller value of (δ s), then more all E (δ s), the value for finding out minimum is E (δ s) overall situation
Minimum.This method is not in converge to the situation of local minimum.So it is assured that the slowness difference δ s of Shear Waves Splitting.
If δ s ＞ 0, showing the θ really fast transverse wave above assumed, and if δ s ＜ 0, then show that foregoing hypothesis is wrong
By mistake, θ is actually slow shear-wave, and θ ± 90 ° are fast transverse wave.
The slowness difference δ s of Shear Waves Splitting after determination are substituted into above-mentioned formula（4）And following formula（5）, so as to obtain slow shear-wave
Slowness S2With the slowness S of fast transverse wave1。
Then, using above-mentioned acquisition slow shear-wave slowness S2, fast transverse wave slowness S1With slowness difference δ s, pass through formula（6）Meter
Calculate the anisotropic index on stratum（ANI）.
By the above method, continuous depth survey data are carried out with processing can obtain formation anisotropy section, and evaluation is each
Anisotropy, an example is shown in Fig. 5.
For the advantages of more clearly clearly present invention is relative to existing evaluation method, below in an example, to profit
The result that result with the method calculating of the present invention and the method using prior art are calculated is compared.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 6 represents to use Alford methods respectively（Bibliography 1）2750- with method of the invention to certain log data
The result that 2770 meters of depth boundses are handled, bandpass filtering frequency are 500-2000Hz, calculate a length of 1600us of window, calculate consumption
When 11s.
In Figure 5, it is depth from the first column from left to right, the second column is natural gamma curve, and third column is slow for Shear Waves Splitting
Degree, the 4th column are anisotropic index ANI, and the 5th column is the orientation of fast wave, and the 6th column is the waveform of fast wave and slow wave.
Because anisotropy is smaller in 2754-2750 rice depth boundses, the waveform of fast wave and slow wave essentially coincides, fast wave
Orientation is possible to that saltus step can occur, and in other depth, anisotropy is larger, and fast wave and slow wave occur because speed is different
Separation, now fast wave orientation is relatively stable.
As shown in fig. 6, fast wave orientation curve is except in addition to depth 2754m-2762m is consistent with the present invention, remaining depth is jumped
Become more serious, and anisotropic error is also larger.
As can be seen here, for method of the invention compared with the method for bibliography 1, its computational solution precision is high.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 7 represent respectively using slowness difference and orientation Simultaneous Inversion method (bibliography 2) and method pair of the invention and
The result that the identical data of embodiment 1 are handled, it was found from shown in Fig. 7, by the present invention method with by slowness difference and
The orientation and anisotropic index ANI ratios that orientation Simultaneous Inversion method obtains are more consistent.But calculating of the invention time-consuming 52
Second, and the method for bibliography 2 is time-consuming 98 seconds, it can be seen that, compared with the method for bibliography 2, by using the present invention's
Method, it can shorten on the basis of roughly the same computational accuracy is kept and calculate the time.
The instrument sound wave cross dipole data evaluation such as WAVESONIC, XMAC, DAAT stratum be present invention can be suitably applied to respectively to different
Property.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of evaluation method of formation anisotropy, formation anisotropy is evaluated using cross dipole sound wave, it is characterised in that
Including：
Waveform pre-treatment step, bandpass filtering and amplitude equalization are carried out to the waveform arrived using cross dipole acoustic measurement；
Azimuth estimating step, Inversion Calculation is carried out using waveform described in bandpass filtering and amplitude equalization has been carried out, estimation is fast
The azimuth of shear wave and slow shear-wave；
Array waveshape step, fast transverse wave array waveform and slow shear-wave array waveform are calculated according to the azimuth；
Slowness difference calculation procedure, Inversion Calculation is carried out according to the fast transverse wave array waveform and the slow shear-wave array waveform, obtained
The slowness for obtaining the fast transverse wave and the slow shear-wave is poor；
Slowness calculation procedure, it is poor according to the slowness, calculate the slowness of fast transverse wave and the slowness of the slow shear-wave；And
Anisotropy calculation procedure, using the slowness of poor, the described fast transverse wave of the slowness and the slowness of the slow shear-wave, calculate
Anisotropy.
2. the evaluation method of formation anisotropy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In the Inversion Calculation of the azimuth estimating step, make the azimuthal variation to obtain azimuthal residual error
Value, obtain the azimuth for making azimuthal residual values be minimum, it is assumed that the azimuth estimated is fast horizontal stroke
The azimuth of ripple, the azimuth of slow shear-wave is that the azimuth+90 is spent,
When the slowness difference obtained by the slowness difference calculation procedure is more than or equal to 0, it is fast transverse wave to confirm the azimuth
Azimuth, when slowness difference is less than 0, azimuth described in surface is the azimuth of the slow shear-wave, the side of the fast transverse wave
Parallactic angle is that the azimuth+90 is spent.
3. the evaluation method of formation anisotropy according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that
In the Inversion Calculation of the slowness difference calculation procedure, make the fast transverse wave array waveform and the slow shear-wave array waveform
Match two-by-two, making the slowness difference change, the residual values that obtaining makes the slowness poor are minimum to calculate the residual values of slowness difference
The slowness of value is poor.
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| CN104481526B (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2017-04-05 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of dual crossing dipole logging method |
| RU2018146424A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2020-07-10 | Шлюмбергер Текнолоджи Б.В. | EVALUATION OF HORIZONTAL STRESSES AND NONLINEAR CONSTANTS IN ANISOTROPIC LAYERS, SUCH AS MOVING CARBONATE LAYERS IN ORGANOGENIC SHALE COLLECTORS |
| CN108387937B (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-09-03 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of crossed dipoles anisotropy fast inversion method and system |
| CN110794038B (en) * | 2019-10-26 | 2021-03-19 | 西南石油大学 | Rock ventricle inner orientation method based on acoustic wave velocity anisotropy |
| CN111077571B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-11-06 | 成都理工大学 | Porosity inversion method for improving resolution |
| CN111927428B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2024-02-06 | 中海油田服务股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining reservoir transformation effect by synergistic perforation |
| CN112034516B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-11-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for evaluating three-dimensional anisotropy of well-cycle transverse wave |
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