CN109142198B - Method and device for determining grain properties inside metal material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The disclosure provides a method for measuring the property of crystal grains in a metal material, which is used for obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on a standard sample; detecting a metal material to be detected to obtain a plurality of data aiming at the metal material to be detected; and comparing the detected various data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to finish the determination of the internal grain properties of the metal material. The method can be used for nondestructively and quickly measuring the grain fineness grade of the metal material, can be used for remarkably improving the field product detection efficiency in production inspection, is an economical and applicable detection method, has the advantages of easiness in use and applicability, and is simple, quick, economical and applicable and high in detection efficiency. The present disclosure also provides an apparatus for determining the internal grain properties of a metallic material.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of test and measurement, in particular to a method and a device for determining the internal grain property of a metal material.
Background
In the prior art, it is self-evident that the metal material is correctly and reasonably utilized to fully exert the best performance to improve the service life and the economic benefit of the product, and the grain size of the metal material determines the key mechanical properties such as the strength, the toughness and the like of the material to a great extent, so that the grain size detection is extremely necessary. The most common detection method at present is a metallographic method, which is also a traditional method, the metallographic method can visually display the conditions of the internal structure and the appearance of the metal material, the particle size distribution and the like, and the grain size can be determined through a metallographic photo, but the method must destroy a sample during sampling, cannot detect a finished product, is very inconvenient in sampling a large-sized workpiece, is high in sample preparation difficulty, cannot completely represent the grain size of the whole metal material in a whole block, is long in inspection period, is not beneficial to large-batch rapid detection, and is greatly restricted in engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the appearance, size and distribution condition of metal material internal crystal grains cannot be displayed for finished parts and large workpieces in the prior art, and the appearance, size and distribution condition of the metal material internal crystal grains detected for batch finished parts and large workpieces do not have rapidness and high efficiency, the embodiment of the disclosure provides a method and a device for determining the metal material internal crystal grain attributes, in particular to a simple ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device which can rapidly determine the fineness grade of the metal material crystal grains without damage, and can obviously improve the field product detection efficiency in production inspection.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for determining an internal grain property of a metal material, including the following steps: obtaining the attenuation coefficient of a metal material based on a standard sample; detecting a metal material to be detected to obtain a plurality of data aiming at the metal material to be detected; and comparing the detected data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of a standard sample to finish the determination of the internal grain properties of the metal material.
In one embodiment, the obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the standard sample-based metal material includes: and receiving the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample by arranging at least one ultrasonic flaw detector and at least one straight probe.
In one embodiment, the obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the standard sample-based metal material includes: defining the metal material with a preset grain fineness grade as the metal material of the standard sample; measuring and calculating the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to ultrasonic waves according to an ultrasonic A-type pulse reflection method, wherein the workpiece thickness of the metal material based on the standard sample is t, the ultrasonic attenuation is x decibels, and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on the standard sample is defined as k0，k0＝x/t。
In one embodiment, the comparing the detected data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of a standard sample to determine the internal grain properties of the metal material includes: extracting attenuation coefficients in the acquired multiple data aiming at the metal material to be detected and defining the attenuation coefficients as k; and calculating and comparing the difference value of the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be measured and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to finish the determination of the internal crystal grain property of the metal material.
In one embodiment, the performing a difference calculation comparison between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be measured and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to complete the determination of the internal grain property of the metal material includes: and when the difference between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be detected and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample is calculated, and the difference is less than 0, judging that the thickness of the crystal grain inside the metal material to be detected reaches the standard.
In one embodiment, the performing a difference calculation comparison between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be measured and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to complete the determination of the internal grain property of the metal material includes: and when the difference between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be detected and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample is calculated, and the difference is larger than 0, judging that the thickness of the crystal grain inside the metal material to be detected does not reach the standard.
In a second aspect, the disclosed embodiments provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described above.
In a third aspect, the disclosed embodiments provide a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method described above when executing the program.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for determining grain properties inside a metal material, the apparatus including: the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on the standard sample; the second acquisition module is used for detecting the metal material to be detected and acquiring a plurality of data aiming at the metal material to be detected; and the comparison and determination module is used for comparing the detected various data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to complete determination of the internal crystal grain property of the metal material.
In one embodiment, the first acquisition module is composed of at least one ultrasonic flaw detector and at least one straight probe.
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the internal crystal grain property of a metal material, which are used for obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on a standard sample; detecting a metal material to be detected to obtain a plurality of data aiming at the metal material to be detected; and comparing the detected various data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to finish the determination of the internal grain properties of the metal material. The method solves the problems that the appearance, size and distribution condition of the internal crystal grains of the metal material can not be displayed for finished parts and large workpieces in the prior art, and the appearance, size and distribution condition of the internal crystal grains of the metal material detected for batch finished parts and large workpieces do not have rapidness and high efficiency, can be used for nondestructively and rapidly determining the fineness grade of the crystal grains of the metal material, can be used for remarkably improving the detection efficiency of field products in production inspection, is an economical and applicable detection method, has easy use and applicability, and is simple, rapid, economical and applicable, and high in detection efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced as follows:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a method for determining the internal grain properties of a metallic material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic illustration of fine grains in a method of determining internal grain properties of a metallic material in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of coarse grains in a method for determining internal grain properties of a metal material according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for determining internal grain properties of a metal material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In the following description, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance. The following description provides embodiments of the disclosure, which may be combined or substituted for various embodiments, and this application is therefore intended to cover all possible combinations of the same and/or different embodiments described. Thus, if one embodiment includes feature A, B, C and another embodiment includes feature B, D, then this application should also be considered to include an embodiment that includes one or more of all other possible combinations of A, B, C, D, even though this embodiment may not be explicitly recited in text below.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following will explain in detail the embodiments of the method and apparatus for determining internal grain properties of a metal material according to the present invention by way of examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for determining an internal grain property of a metal material, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that the morphology, size, and distribution of internal grains of the metal material cannot be displayed for a finished part and a large workpiece, and the morphology, size, and distribution of internal grains of the metal material detected for batch finished parts and large workpieces do not have rapidity and high efficiency. Therefore, the method for efficiently, accurately and quickly measuring the internal grain properties of the metal material becomes a work with both academic value and practical significance.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining an internal grain property of a metal material in an embodiment, which specifically includes the following steps:
and 102, acquiring the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on the standard sample.
In one embodiment, obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the metallic material based on the standard sample comprises: and receiving the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample by arranging at least one ultrasonic flaw detector and at least one straight probe.
Further, obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on the standard sample includes: defining the metal material with the preset grain fineness grade as the metal material of a standard sample; measuring and calculating the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to the ultrasonic wave according to an ultrasonic wave A-type pulse reflection method, wherein the workpiece thickness of the metal material based on the standard sample is t, the ultrasonic wave attenuation is x decibels, and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on the standard sample is defined as k0，k0＝x/t。
And 104, detecting the metal to be detected to obtain a plurality of data aiming at the metal material to be detected.
And 106, comparing the detected various data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to finish the determination of the metal internal crystal grain property.
Specifically, the step of comparing the detected data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to complete the determination of the internal crystal grain property of the metal material comprises the following steps: extracting attenuation coefficients in a plurality of acquired data aiming at the metal material to be detected and defining the attenuation coefficients as k; and calculating and comparing the difference between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be measured and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to finish the determination of the internal crystal grain property of the metal material. Further, the step of calculating and comparing the difference between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be measured and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to complete the determination of the internal crystal grain property of the metal material comprises the following steps: and when the difference value between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be detected and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample is calculated, and the difference value is less than 0, the thickness of the crystal grain inside the metal material to be detected is judged to reach the standard. And when the difference value between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be detected and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample is calculated, and the difference value is larger than 0, judging that the thickness of the crystal grain inside the metal material to be detected does not reach the standard.
In order to more clearly and accurately understand and apply the method for determining the internal grain properties of the metal material proposed by the present disclosure, the following examples are made. It should be noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 2(a) - (b), fig. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of fine grains in a method for determining the internal grain properties of a metal material according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of coarse grains in a method for determining internal grain properties of a metal material according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the ultrasonic wave A-type pulse reflection method is adopted in the method, and the principle is that ultrasonic waves are linearly transmitted in a uniform elastic medium and are reflected when meeting an interface, and under the condition of a certain wavelength, the larger the interface is, the more obvious the reflection attenuation is. The metallic material is typically a crystalline material, consisting of many grains, the larger the volume of the grains,the larger the grain boundary area is, the greater the reflection attenuation of the ultrasonic wave propagating inside the metal material is. According to the principle, whether the grain size of the sample to be detected reaches the standard or not can be known only by calculating the attenuation coefficient of the sample to be detected to the ultrasonic wave and comparing the attenuation coefficient of the sample to be detected to the ultrasonic wave with the attenuation coefficient of the standard sample to the ultrasonic wave. The detection method is to measure and calculate the attenuation coefficient k of the standard sample to the ultrasonic wave by using a metal material with a known grain size level as the standard sample and using an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, for example, an ultrasonic flaw detector in combination with a straight probe0I.e. if the thickness of the workpiece is t and the attenuation of the ultrasonic wave is x decibels, k is0X/t. Detecting the sample to be detected by using the same ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, calculating the attenuation coefficient k of the sample to be detected to the ultrasonic wave, and finally comparing the k with the k0If: k-k0If the attenuation coefficient of the detected sample to the ultrasonic wave is less than that of the standard sample to the ultrasonic wave, the grain size of the detected sample is smaller, and the grain size of the detected sample reaches the standard; k-k0If the attenuation coefficient of the detected sample to the ultrasonic wave is more than that of the standard sample to the ultrasonic wave, the grain size of the detected sample is larger, and the grain size of the detected sample does not reach the standard.
The invention provides a method for measuring the internal crystal grain property of a metal material, which is used for obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on a standard sample; detecting a metal material to be detected to obtain a plurality of data aiming at the metal material to be detected; and comparing the detected various data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to finish the determination of the internal grain properties of the metal material. The method solves the problems that the appearance, size and distribution condition of the internal crystal grains of the metal material can not be displayed for finished parts and large workpieces in the prior art, and the appearance, size and distribution condition of the internal crystal grains of the metal material detected for batch finished parts and large workpieces do not have rapidness and high efficiency, can be used for nondestructively and rapidly determining the fineness grade of the crystal grains of the metal material, can be used for remarkably improving the detection efficiency of field products in production inspection, is an economical and applicable detection method, has easy use and applicability, and is simple, rapid, economical and applicable, and high in detection efficiency.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a device for measuring the internal grain properties of the metal material. Because the principle of solving the problems by the device is similar to that of the method for measuring the internal grain properties of the metal material, the implementation of the device can be realized according to the specific steps of the method, and repeated parts are not repeated.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for determining internal grain properties of a metal material according to an embodiment. The apparatus 10 for measuring the internal grain properties of a metallic material comprises: a first acquisition module 200, a second acquisition module 400, and a comparison and determination module 600.
The first obtaining module 200 is used for obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on the standard sample; the second obtaining module 400 is configured to detect a metal material to be detected, and obtain a plurality of data for the metal material to be detected; the comparison and determination module 600 is configured to compare the detected multiple data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample, and complete the determination of the internal grain property of the metal material.
The invention provides a device for measuring the property of crystal grains in a metal material, which comprises the following steps of firstly, obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on a standard sample through a first obtaining module; detecting the metal material to be detected by a second acquisition module to acquire a plurality of data aiming at the metal material to be detected; finally, the comparison and determination module compares the detected various data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to complete the determination of the internal grain properties of the metal material. The device solves the problems that the appearance, size and distribution condition of the internal crystal grains of the metal material can not be displayed for finished parts and large workpieces in the prior art, and the appearance, size and distribution condition of the internal crystal grains of the metal material detected for batch finished parts and large workpieces do not have rapidness and high efficiency, can be used for nondestructively and rapidly determining the fineness grade of the crystal grains of the metal material, can be used for remarkably improving the detection efficiency of field products in production inspection, is an economical and applicable detection method, has usability and applicability, and is simple, rapid, economical and applicable and high in detection efficiency.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program is executed by the processor in fig. 1.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer program product containing the instruction. Which when run on a computer causes the computer to perform the method of fig. 1 described above.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
The foregoing describes the general principles of the present disclosure in conjunction with specific embodiments, however, it is noted that the advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present disclosure are merely examples and are not limiting, and they should not be considered essential to the various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the foregoing disclosure of specific details is for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be limiting, since the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific details so described.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit embodiments of the disclosure to the form disclosed herein. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions and sub-combinations thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A method of determining the internal grain properties of a metallic material, comprising the steps of:
obtaining the attenuation coefficient of a metal material based on a standard sample;
detecting a metal material to be detected to obtain a plurality of data aiming at the metal material to be detected;
comparing the detected data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of a standard sample to finish the determination of the internal crystal grain property of the metal material;
wherein the obtaining of the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on the standard sample comprises: receiving the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample by arranging at least one ultrasonic flaw detector and at least one straight probe;
wherein the obtaining of the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on the standard sample comprises: defining the metal material with a preset grain fineness grade as the metal material of the standard sample; measuring and calculating the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to ultrasonic waves according to an ultrasonic A-type pulse reflection method, wherein the workpiece thickness of the metal material based on the standard sample is t, the ultrasonic attenuation is x decibels, and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on the standard sample is defined as k0，k0＝x/t；
Wherein the step of comparing the detected data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of a standard sample to determine the internal grain properties of the metal material comprises the following steps: extracting attenuation coefficients in the acquired multiple data aiming at the metal material to be detected and defining the attenuation coefficients as k; and calculating and comparing the difference value of the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be measured and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample to finish the determination of the internal crystal grain property of the metal material.
2. The method for determining the internal crystal grain properties of the metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the performing the difference calculation comparison between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be determined and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample comprises:
and when the difference between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be detected and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample is calculated, and the difference is less than 0, judging that the thickness of the crystal grain inside the metal material to be detected reaches the standard.
3. The method for determining the internal crystal grain properties of the metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the performing the difference calculation comparison between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be determined and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample comprises:
and when the difference between the attenuation coefficient of the metal material to be detected and the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of the standard sample is calculated, and the difference is larger than 0, judging that the thickness of the crystal grain inside the metal material to be detected does not reach the standard.
4. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the steps of the method of any of claims 1-3 are implemented when the program is executed by the processor.
6. An apparatus for determining grain properties within a metallic material, the apparatus comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the attenuation coefficient of the metal material based on the standard sample;
the second acquisition module is used for detecting the metal material to be detected and acquiring a plurality of data aiming at the metal material to be detected;
the comparison and determination module is used for comparing the detected various data with the attenuation coefficient of the metal material of a standard sample to complete determination of the internal crystal grain property of the metal material;
the first acquisition module consists of at least one ultrasonic flaw detector and at least one straight probe.
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| DE2511750B1 (en) * | 1975-03-18 | 1976-02-26 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | PROCEDURE FOR QUANTITATIVE MATERIAL GRAIN SIZE DETERMINATION |
| CN103175898A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-06-26 | 江苏大学 | Method for detecting average crystal grain size of weld seam by utilizing weld seam characteristic guide waves |
| CN104251887A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Grain characteristic-based improved split spectrum method in cast iron ultrasonic flaw detection |
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| DE2511750B1 (en) * | 1975-03-18 | 1976-02-26 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | PROCEDURE FOR QUANTITATIVE MATERIAL GRAIN SIZE DETERMINATION |
| CN103175898A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-06-26 | 江苏大学 | Method for detecting average crystal grain size of weld seam by utilizing weld seam characteristic guide waves |
| CN104251887A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Grain characteristic-based improved split spectrum method in cast iron ultrasonic flaw detection |
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| Title |
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