CN109142155B - Road interface characteristic testing device and method - Google Patents
Road interface characteristic testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109142155B CN109142155B CN201810686390.0A CN201810686390A CN109142155B CN 109142155 B CN109142155 B CN 109142155B CN 201810686390 A CN201810686390 A CN 201810686390A CN 109142155 B CN109142155 B CN 109142155B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 64
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011384 asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a road interface characteristic testing device, which is used for testing the interface characteristic among structural layers of a road surface, wherein the structural layers of the road surface at least comprise a first structural layer arranged on the surface of the road surface and a second structural layer arranged below the first structural layer; the tangential force loading unit is arranged on one side close to the first structural layer and/or the normal force loading unit, and applies tangential force parallel to the pavement to the first structural layer and/or the normal force loading unit; the acquisition unit is used for detecting the application force of the normal force loading unit and the tangential force loading unit and the strain generated by the normal force loading unit and/or the first structural layer; and the calculating unit is used for analyzing and obtaining interface characteristic parameters representing the interface characteristics of the first structural layer and the second structural layer according to the acquired data of the acquisition unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road interface testing, in particular to a road interface characteristic testing device and method.
Background
With the recent development of vehicles, the requirements for smoothness and durability of various road surfaces are also increasing. The road surface of the road is generally a layered structure which is paved on the road subgrade by road building materials and directly bears load, and the layered structure is not only a ballastless track road surface for a high-speed railway, but also a highway road surface for a common road, and has enough strength and good stability so as to meet the requirements of smoothness, compactness and skid resistance.
In general, before pavement is laid, it is necessary to test the interface characteristics between the structural layers constituting the pavement, such as the friction coefficient between the structural layers, etc., in order to optimize the layout of the structural layers according to the test results. In the prior art, the interface characteristic test of each structural layer of the pavement is mostly a small-scale indoor test for the purpose of scientific experiments, the purpose of the interface characteristic test is mostly real-time performance of a theoretical test scheme, and the accuracy and the practicability of the interface characteristic test are relatively poor as the test mode is separated from the actual application environment.
Therefore, a road interface characteristic testing device and a road interface characteristic testing method with high accuracy and good practicability are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a road interface characteristic testing device, which is used for testing the interface characteristic among structural layers of a road surface, the structural layers of the road surface at least comprise a first structural layer arranged on the surface of the road surface and a second structural layer arranged below the first structural layer, the testing device comprises,
a normal force loading unit which is arranged above the first structural layer and applies normal force perpendicular to the road surface to the first structural layer;
the tangential force loading unit is arranged on one side close to the first structural layer and/or the normal force loading unit, and applies tangential force parallel to the pavement to the first structural layer and/or the normal force loading unit;
the acquisition unit is used for detecting the application force of the normal force loading unit and the tangential force loading unit and the strain generated by the normal force loading unit and/or the first structural layer; and
and the calculating unit is used for analyzing and obtaining interface characteristic parameters representing the interface characteristics of the first structural layer and the second structural layer according to the acquired data of the acquisition unit.
Preferably, the acquisition unit comprises load cells corresponding to the normal force loading unit and the tangential force loading unit, and displacement meters arranged on the normal force loading unit and/or on the first structural layer.
Preferably, the interface characteristic parameter obtained by the calculating unit is calculated according to a displacement-force relation curve obtained by tangential force detected by the dynamometer and displacement detected by the displacement meter.
Preferably, the formula of the displacement-force relationship curve is:
s＝k·e q·F
wherein s is the displacement detected by the displacement meter, F is the tangential force, k and q are the first interface characteristic parameter and the second interface characteristic parameter, e is a natural constant, and k and q are obtained by fitting a plurality of groups of s and F obtained by measurement.
Preferably, the normal force loading unit comprises at least one pushing plate for the pavement structure layer of the ballastless track.
Preferably, the interface characteristic parameters obtained by the calculating unit are an interfacial cohesion force and an internal friction angle calculated according to a normal force and a tangential force detected by the dynamometer and in combination with a shear strength formula, wherein the shear strength formula is:
wherein τ f Represents the shear strength calculated from the tangential force, c represents the cohesion force, sigma represents the normal force,representing the internal friction angle, wherein the plurality of sets of τ are measured f And sigma fitting to obtain c and phi.
Preferably, the normal force loading unit comprises at least two pushing plates for the pavement structure layer of the ballastless track.
Preferably, the device further comprises an equalizing unit for uniformly distributing tangential force, wherein the equalizing unit is arranged between the tangential force loading unit and the first structural layer and/or between the tangential force loading unit and the normal force loading unit; and a counter-force unit for applying a counter-force, the counter-force unit being arranged on a side of the tangential force loading unit remote from the first structural layer and/or the normal force loading unit.
Preferably, the tangential force loading unit comprises at least one jack for a pavement structure layer of the ballastless track.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a road interface characteristic test method including the steps of:
simulating stress conditions of structural layers of a pavement to be tested, and applying adjustable normal force and adjustable tangential force to the corresponding structural layers of the pavement to be tested;
recording the normal force and the tangential force received by each structural layer and the displacement generated under the action of the normal force and the tangential force;
and drawing a relation curve of the normal force and/or tangential force and/or displacement, and analyzing the interface characteristic between corresponding structural layers of the pavement to be tested according to the relation curve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects: according to the testing device and the testing method, the normal force loading unit and the tangential force loading unit are adopted to apply acting force to each layer of the pavement structure to be tested, so that the real stress condition of the road interface in use is simulated, the testing conditions are more in line with the practical application of the road, and the testing precision is improved; meanwhile, the sizes, the directions and the arrangement positions of the normal force loading unit and the tangential force loading unit can be adjusted according to specific test objects, so that the measurement flexibility is improved; in the whole, the testing device and the testing method provided by the invention have the advantages of simple structure, flexible operation, wide application and strong practicability, and can be used for testing the interface characteristics of various road pavement structures including ballastless tracks, so that the pavement of road pavement lattice structure layers is guided, and the pavement scheme is optimized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a testing device for testing interface characteristics of ballastless tracks.
Fig. 2 is a graph of displacement versus loading force plotted according to test results of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail by the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The pavement structure generally refers to a multi-layer structure composed of a surface layer, a base layer, a cushion layer and the like, for example, a ballastless track pavement structure of a high-speed railway, and specifically may include a roadbed body (i.e., cushion layer) composed of general filler, a base layer composed of graded broken stone, and a supporting layer (i.e., surface layer) composed of a concrete material, and a foundation plate composed of reinforced concrete for bearing a track may be further provided on the supporting layer. In order to test the interface characteristics, such as friction coefficient and adhesion, between the structural layers of the pavement, the structural layers can be analyzed and calculated according to the strain generated by the structural layers under the stress condition during practical application.
The inventor analyzes the stress condition of each structural layer of the road surface, and through a large number of experiments, provides a road interface characteristic testing device which can simulate acting force applied to each structural layer of the road surface when a vehicle runs on the road surface, and analyze interface characteristics among the lattice structural layers by detecting strain data generated by each structural layer of the road surface under the acting force. The test device provided by the invention is described in detail below by taking a pavement structure of a ballastless track as an example.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a testing device provided by the invention for testing interface characteristics of a ballastless track, and as shown in fig. 1, a pavement structure layer of a known ballastless track at least comprises a surface layer formed by asphalt concrete and a base layer formed by graded broken stone.
Referring to fig. 1, the test apparatus provided by the present invention includes: the normal force loading unit 1 comprises at least one push plate which is arranged on the asphalt concrete surface layer and used for simulating a ballastless track base plate, wherein the push plate is formed by casting reinforced concrete, and can apply normal acting force to the asphalt concrete surface layer by utilizing self gravity; the tangential force loading unit 2 comprises at least one jack arranged on one side of the push plate, and the jack can be used for applying tangential acting force to the push plate and simulating centripetal force applied to the base plate and the ballastless track pavement structure when the high-speed train runs on the base plate; the balancing unit 3 comprises at least one I-steel arranged between the pushing plate and the jack, so that tangential force applied by the jack to the pushing plate can be distributed more uniformly, and the pushing plate is prevented from being damaged due to local concentrated stress; and a reaction unit 4 including at least one reaction pier provided at one side of the jack for providing support for the jack to apply tangential force to the push plate.
In addition, the testing device provided by the invention further comprises a collecting unit 5 for collecting strain data of each structural layer and a calculating unit (not shown in fig. 1) for analyzing and processing the strain data, wherein the collecting unit 5 can comprise a displacement meter which is arranged on a push plate and is used for collecting displacement of the push plate and a dynamometer which is arranged on a jack and is used for measuring force applied by the jack; the calculating unit can analyze the interface characteristic between the pushing plate and the asphalt concrete surface layer according to the dead weight of the pushing plate, the force applied by the jack and the displacement data of the pushing plate which are obtained through measurement.
When the interface characteristic test is executed by using the test device, taking the pavement structure of the ballastless track as an example, the measurement can be executed according to the following steps.
1) And casting at least one push plate on the asphalt concrete surface layer of the ballastless track. Wherein, a push plate with equal proportion can be cast according to the size of the actual base plate of the ballastless track, or a plurality of cuboid/cube push plates with smaller size (for example, 1m 1 x 1) can be cast;
2) The jack, the I-steel and the counter-force pier are respectively arranged at the appointed positions around the push plate. The jack and the I-steel can be sequentially arranged on one side of a push plate on the ballastless track, a road shoulder is used as a counter-force supporting point, and a row of counter-force piers are arranged at a position close to the jack;
3) And arranging a displacement meter and a dynamometer at corresponding positions. Wherein the dynamometer corresponds to the jack, and the dynamometer can be arranged at both sides and the center of the push plate, the displacement meter corresponds to the push plate, and the displacement meter can be arranged at the center of the push plate and at the structural seam; in addition, the total station can be combined with the reflecting prism to assist the displacement meter to carry out displacement measurement, firstly, the prism is placed into a preset monitoring point, then the total station is erected at a preset position, and a transverse coordinate initial value is selected as a reference value in cooperation with the prism, so that the displacement meter is initialized by utilizing the reference value;
4) The force applied to the push plate by the jack is loaded by the force measuring score for times, and the displacement change generated by the push plate under the action of the force is detected by the displacement meter in real time, for example, the simulated centripetal force of the jack acting on the push plate is gradually increased by taking 0.1-0.5 ton as a unit time, and the force is kept to be applied for a certain time after each increase, so that the measurement accuracy of the displacement meter is improved;
5) When the displacement meter detects that the push plate moves for the first time under the action of the jack, the measurement results of the force meter and the displacement meter are recorded, the action state of the jack is kept continuously, the force applied by the jack is continuously increased, and the change condition of data measured by the force meter and the displacement meter along with time is continuously recorded.
By the method, according to the measured multiple groups of jack loading forces and corresponding push plate displacements, the formula is as follows:
s＝k·e q·F (1)
and obtaining the exponential relation between the loading force and the displacement under the interface formed by the base plate (i.e. the push plate) of the current ballastless track and the surface layer of the road surface.
Wherein s is the displacement generated by the base plate; f is the loading force; k and q respectively represent a first parameter and a second parameter of the relation between the loading force and displacement under the current interface, and are obtained through a plurality of groups of s and F fitting obtained through measurement; e is a natural constant.
By using the formula (1), the interface characteristics of different structural layers of the ballastless track can be compared, so that the laying scheme of the structural layers is optimized. In one experiment, the inventors tested the interface characteristics when laying geotextiles at the structural joints between the foundation plates and the surface layer corresponding to the two foundation plates, resulting in the displacement-loading force relationship shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2, the displacement-loading force relationship can be expressed by the following formula:
s 1 ＝0.0723·e 0.0025·F (2)
s 2 ＝0.0087·e 0.003·F (3)
wherein s is 1 Is the displacement of the center of the base plate (i.e. no geotextile between interfaces); s is(s) 2 And (3) displacing the seam of the base plate structure (namely paving geotextiles between interfaces).
According to the comparison of the relational expressions (2) and (3), the geotextile is paved between the base plate and the surface layer, so that the interaction between the base plate and the surface layer is obviously reduced, the pavement surface layer of the ballastless track can be protected from being damaged, and effective guidance is provided for the pavement structure paving scheme of the ballastless track.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the measuring device may also be used to analyze the shear strength of a pavement structure layer, for example, a ballastless track pavement structure having an asphalt concrete surface layer and a graded broken stone base layer, and the test for the asphalt concrete surface layer may be implemented by using at least two normal force loading units 1 composed of push plates, preferably, at least three normal force loading units 1 composed of push plates may be used to improve the test accuracy.
Wherein the normal pressure applied on the asphalt concrete surface layer is the dead weight (including a counterweight) of the push plate, and the tangential pressure applied on the push plate is the tangential load applied by the jack; the normal stress and tangential stress on the asphalt concrete surface layer, namely the normal stress and tangential load born on the unit area, can be calculated and obtained, and then the shear strength of the asphalt concrete surface layer is analyzed according to a shear formula and a curve diagram of the normal stress and tangential stress obtained by measurement, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein τ f Represents the shear strength, c represents the cohesion force, sigma represents the normal pressure,indicating the internal friction angle.
In one experiment, the inventor compares the ballastless track structure layer formed by the asphalt concrete surface layer with the ballastless track structure layer formed by the general graded broken stone surface layer by utilizing the principle, and discovers that the bonding strength between the upper surface of the asphalt concrete surface layer and a base plate (i.e. a push plate) is about 27kPa, which is much higher than the bonding strength between the general graded broken stone surface layer and the base plate by 7kPa, and the bonding performance is better; the bonding strength of the lower surface of the asphalt concrete surface layer and the graded broken stone base layer is similar to that of the concrete and the graded broken stone, and is about 7 kPa. Through the calculation mode, the interface characteristics among the structural layers of the pavement can be quantitatively represented, and the pavement scheme of the pavement can be guided to be optimized.
In one embodiment of the invention, the interface characteristics between other structural layers of the ballastless track can also be compared by using the testing device. Taking the interface characteristic between the surface layer formed by asphalt concrete and the basic layer of graded broken stone as an example, the main difference between the interface characteristic between the surface layer and the test bed plate (i.e. pushing plate) is that when the step 2) is executed, a jack is required to be arranged on one side of the surface layer formed by asphalt concrete in combination with I-steel so as to simulate the centripetal force applied to the asphalt concrete layer when a high-speed train runs on the bed plate; simultaneously, when the step 3) and the step 5) are executed, the total station and the displacement meter are utilized to record the relative displacement of the base plate (namely the pushing plate) and the asphalt concrete surface layer and the relative displacement of the asphalt concrete surface layer and the graded broken stone base layer at the same time so as to analyze the shear strength and the bonding deformation condition of the asphalt concrete surface layer.
In addition, the bonding schemes of different surface layers and base layers can be compared, for example, the ballastless track pavement structure reinforced between the asphalt concrete surface layer and the graded broken stone base layer by adopting pull grooves, anti-skidding nails or adhesives is tested, corresponding normal stress and tangential stress are obtained through calculation according to the test result, and the friction coefficient formula f=sigma is combined f /τ f Wherein σ is F Is normal stress τ F And respectively calculating friction coefficients between interfaces corresponding to different paving schemes for tangential stress, so as to guide the paving schemes.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a road interface characteristic test method, which specifically includes the steps of:
aiming at a pavement structure to be tested, simulating loading force of a vehicle on a pavement to apply normal force and tangential force on the pavement;
respectively recording the displacement generated by each structural layer of the pavement under the action of the normal force and the tangential force;
and drawing a relation curve according to the loading force and the corresponding displacement record, and analyzing the interface characteristics among the structural layers of the pavement.
Compared with the existing interface characteristic testing device and method, the testing device provided by the invention combines practical application, adopts different force loading units to simulate the stress condition of each structural layer of the road surface under the action of a vehicle, and improves the accuracy, flexibility and practicability of the test.
Although in the above embodiments, the pavement structure of the ballastless track is taken as an example to illustrate the testing device provided by the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in other embodiments, the testing device provided by the present invention may be used for testing other pavement structure layers, for example, for testing a common highway pavement structure layer, since the common highway pavement does not need to bear a base plate/track plate or other structures, the loading force and arrangement positions of the normal force loading unit 1 and the tangential force loading unit 2 in the testing device provided by the present invention may be appropriately adjusted so as to simulate the stress conforming to the actual highway pavement structure, for example, a slope road, a curve road, a straight road or the like.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, but encompasses various changes and modifications that may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A road interface characteristic testing device for testing interface characteristics between structural layers of a road surface, the structural layers of the road surface comprising at least a first structural layer disposed on the surface of the road surface and a second structural layer disposed below the first structural layer, the testing device comprising,
a normal force loading unit which is arranged above the first structural layer and applies normal force perpendicular to the road surface to the first structural layer;
the tangential force loading unit is arranged on one side close to the first structural layer and/or the normal force loading unit, and applies tangential force parallel to the pavement to the first structural layer and/or the normal force loading unit;
the acquisition unit is used for detecting the application force of the normal force loading unit and the tangential force loading unit and the strain generated by the normal force loading unit and/or the first structural layer;
the acquisition unit comprises a dynamometer corresponding to the normal force loading unit and the tangential force loading unit, and a displacement meter arranged on the normal force loading unit and/or the first structural layer;
the computing unit is used for analyzing and obtaining interface characteristic parameters representing the interface characteristics of the first structural layer and the second structural layer according to the acquired data of the acquisition unit; and
the test device also comprises an equalization unit for uniformly distributing tangential force, wherein the equalization unit is arranged between the tangential force loading unit and the first structural layer and/or between the tangential force loading unit and the normal force loading unit; and a counter-force unit for applying a counter-force, the counter-force unit being arranged on a side of the tangential force loading unit remote from the first structural layer and/or the normal force loading unit.
2. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the interface characteristic parameter obtained by the calculation unit is calculated from a displacement-force relationship curve obtained from a tangential force detected by the load cell and a displacement detected by the displacement meter.
3. The test device of claim 2, wherein the formula of the displacement-force relationship curve is:
s＝k·e q·F
wherein s is the displacement detected by the displacement meter, F is the tangential force, k and q are the first interface characteristic parameter and the second interface characteristic parameter, e is a natural constant, and k and q are obtained by fitting a plurality of groups of s and F obtained by measurement.
4. A testing device according to claim 3, wherein the normal force loading unit comprises at least one push plate for a pavement structure layer of a ballastless track.
5. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the interface characteristic parameters obtained by the calculation unit are an interface cohesion force and an internal friction angle calculated from a normal force and a tangential force detected by the load cell in combination with a shear strength formula, the shear strength formula being:
wherein τ f Represents the shear strength calculated from the tangential force, c representsThe cohesion force, sigma, represents the normal force,representing the internal friction angle, wherein the plurality of sets of τ are measured f And sigma fitting to obtain c and phi.
6. The test device of claim 5, wherein the normal force loading unit comprises at least two push plates for a pavement structure layer of a ballastless track.
7. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the tangential force loading unit comprises at least one jack for a pavement structure layer of a ballastless track.
8. A road interface characteristic testing method for the testing apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
simulating stress conditions of structural layers of a pavement to be tested, and applying adjustable normal force and adjustable tangential force to the corresponding structural layers of the pavement to be tested;
recording the normal force and the tangential force received by each structural layer and the displacement generated under the action of the normal force and the tangential force;
and drawing a relation curve of the normal force and/or tangential force and/or displacement, and analyzing the interface characteristic between corresponding structural layers of the pavement to be tested according to the relation curve.
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