CN109141705B - Device and method for testing solder restraint stress - Google Patents
Device and method for testing solder restraint stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN109141705B CN109141705B CN201710462978.3A CN201710462978A CN109141705B CN 109141705 B CN109141705 B CN 109141705B CN 201710462978 A CN201710462978 A CN 201710462978A CN 109141705 B CN109141705 B CN 109141705B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 250
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241001016380 Reseda luteola Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009662 stress testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for testing welding restraint stress, which comprises a first supporting piece and a second supporting piece, wherein a first welding sample is connected to the symmetrical center of the first supporting piece, a second welding sample is connected to the symmetrical center of the second supporting piece, and the parts to be welded of the first welding sample and the second welding sample are arranged close to each other; the stress bearing assembly is connected between the first support and the second support in a connection stress adjustable mode so as to generate corresponding deformation when bearing welding constraint stress; and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the symmetry centers of the first and second supports; and the stress measuring component is connected to the stress bearing component and used for outputting the welding restraint stress born by the stress bearing component. The invention also discloses a method for testing the welding restraint stress. The invention can accurately collect the welding restraint stress born by the welding sample in the welding process and can control the size of the welding restraint stress born by the welding sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding, in particular to a device and a method for testing welding restraint stress.
Background
The weldment is fixed by the outside or the deformation of the weldment in the welding process is limited due to the influence of the rigidity of the weldment, so that the welding restraint stress is generated. In the high-temperature metal material welding experimental research, different restraint stresses need to be loaded and monitored so as to research the failure mechanism of the metal material to be closer to the real use environment and effectively predict and control the service life of the materials under the service condition.
The problem in the prior art is how to accurately and conveniently obtain welding restraint stress data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a device and a method for testing welding restraint stress, wherein the device and the method can accurately collect the welding restraint stress borne by a welding sample in the welding process and can control the size of the welding restraint stress borne by the welding sample.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for testing solder restraint stress, comprising: the welding device comprises a first supporting piece and a second supporting piece, wherein a first welding sample is connected to the symmetrical center of the first supporting piece, a second welding sample is connected to the symmetrical center of the second supporting piece, and a part to be welded of the first welding sample and a part to be welded of the second welding sample are arranged close to each other; the stress bearing assembly is connected between the first support and the second support in a connection stress adjustable mode so as to generate corresponding deformation when bearing welding constraint stress; and the stress bearing assembly is symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetry center of the first support and the symmetry center of the second support; and the stress measuring component is connected to the stress bearing component and used for outputting the welding restraint stress born by the stress bearing component.
Preferably, the stress measuring assembly comprises a strain sensing assembly connected to the stress carrying assembly.
Preferably, the device for testing the welding restraint stress further comprises a heating component for forming a high-temperature welding environment at the part to be welded of the first welding sample and the part to be welded of the second welding sample.
Preferably, the heating assembly includes an electromagnetic induction heating coil surrounding a portion to be welded of the first welding sample and a portion to be welded of the second welding sample.
Preferably, the heating assembly comprises a temperature sensing assembly for controlling the heating temperature.
Preferably, the first and second weld coupons are thermally insulated relative to the first and second supports.
Preferably, a first cooling pipe fitting is arranged on the first welding sample and/or the first support, and a second cooling pipe fitting is arranged on the second welding sample and/or the second support; the first cooling pipe member and the second cooling pipe member allow a flow-adjustable cooling medium to flow therethrough.
Preferably, the first support and the second support are hollow structures to allow the cooling medium with adjustable flow to flow through.
Preferably, the stress bearing assembly comprises a plurality of rods arranged at intervals, and one end of each rod is detachably connected to the first support, and the other end of each rod is detachably connected to the second support.
Preferably, both ends of each rod member are provided with threads; the stress bearing assembly further comprises a limiting nut, and two ends of the rod piece penetrate through the first supporting piece and the second supporting piece respectively and are in threaded connection with the limiting nut.
Preferably, the testing device for the welding restraint stress further comprises a control component, and the first support member, the second support member, the stress bearing component, the stress measuring component and/or the heating component are electrically connected with the control component.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for testing solder restraint stress, comprising: setting a first support and a second support, connecting a first welding sample to the symmetry center of the first support, connecting a second welding sample to the symmetry center of the second support, and making a part to be welded of the first welding sample and a part to be welded of the second welding sample close to each other; connecting a stress bearing assembly between the first support and the second support in a manner that the connecting stress can be adjusted, wherein the stress bearing assembly deforms correspondingly when bearing welding constraint stress, and the stress bearing assembly is symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetrical center of the first support and the symmetrical center of the second support; and connecting a stress measuring assembly on the stress bearing assembly for outputting the welding restraint stress born by the stress bearing assembly.
Preferably, the stress measuring component measures a deformation amount of the stress bearing component, and outputs the welding restraint stress according to the deformation amount and an elastic modulus of the stress bearing component.
Preferably, the stress measuring assembly comprises a strain gauge connected to the stress bearing assembly, and the strain gauge outputs a corresponding deformation degree according to the welding constraint stress borne by the stress bearing assembly; the calculation method of the welding restraint stress comprises the following steps: σ ═ E ×; wherein the deformation degree is output by the strain gauge; e is the elastic modulus of the stress bearing assembly, and is obtained by a tensile experiment; and sigma is the welding restraint stress.
Preferably, the method for testing the solder restraint stress further comprises: in the welding process, the resistance value of the welding part of the first welding sample and/or the welding part of the second welding sample is measured to obtain the crack state of the welding part of the first welding sample and/or the welding part of the second welding sample, and the critical restraint stress of the first welding sample and/or the second welding sample is output.
Preferably, the method for calculating the critical restraint stress comprises: measuring and obtaining a resistance change value of a welding part of the first welding sample and/or a welding part of the second welding sample; acquiring the deformation degree output by the strain gauge corresponding to the resistance mutation value; and calculating according to the deformation degree to obtain the welding restraint stress, wherein the welding restraint stress is equal to the critical restraint stress.
Preferably, during the welding, a shielding gas is supplied to the welding site of the first welding sample and the welding site of the second welding sample to perform gas-shielded welding.
Through the technical scheme, the device and the method for testing the welding restraint stress provided by the invention connect the first welding sample to the first support, connect the second welding sample to the second support and connect the stress bearing assembly between the first support and the second support. Therefore, in the process of welding the first welding sample and the second welding sample, the welding restraint stress can be transmitted among the first welding sample, the second welding sample and the stress bearing assembly through the first supporting piece and the second supporting piece. That is to say, in the welding process, the welding restraint stress of the first welding sample and the second welding sample is transmitted to the stress bearing assembly through the first supporting piece and the second supporting piece, and the stress bearing assembly bears the welding restraint stress to generate corresponding deformation; the deformation of the stress bearing assembly can be measured by the stress measuring assembly, and the welding restraint stress borne by the stress bearing assembly can be calculated according to the deformation of the stress bearing assembly, so that corresponding data can be acquired. Meanwhile, the stress bearing assembly can limit the deformation of the first welding sample and the second welding sample through the connection relation between the stress bearing assembly and the first supporting piece and the second supporting piece, and applies a reaction force to the first welding sample and the second welding sample, wherein the reaction force is just the welding restraint stress; therefore, the magnitude of the reaction force applied by the stress bearing assembly to the first welding sample and the second welding sample can be controlled by adjusting the connecting stress between the stress bearing assembly and the first support and the second support, so that the welding restraint stress applied to the first welding sample and the second welding sample can be controlled. Therefore, the device and the method can accurately collect the welding restraint stress borne by the welding sample in the welding process, and can also control the size of the welding restraint stress borne by the welding sample, so that the action condition of the restraint stress in the welding process can be more truly revealed by a metal welding experiment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for testing solder restraint stress according to the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1 first welding sample 2 second welding sample 3 first support
4 second support 5 strain sensor assembly 6 electromagnetic induction heating coil
7 temperature sensing assembly 8 first cooling pipe 9 second cooling pipe
10 rod 11 limit nut 12 resistance measuring instrument
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Referring to fig. 1, one aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for testing solder restraint stress. The device comprises a first support 3 and a second support 4 to form the main support structure of the whole device. After selecting a first welding sample 1 and a second welding sample 2 to be welded, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first welding sample 1 is connected to a first support 3, and the second welding sample 2 is connected to a second support 4. In order to avoid the data analysis obstacle caused by the fact that the constraint stress forms the resultant force of multidirectional coupling, the device is arranged in a structure which is symmetrically arranged along the symmetry center, and the welding sample is arranged at the symmetry center, so that the interference of an external device is eliminated, and the constraint stress born by the welding sample is more truly acquired. Therefore, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first welding specimen 1 is attached to the center of symmetry of the first support 3, and the second welding specimen 2 is attached to the center of symmetry of the second support 4. In addition, it is also necessary to dispose the portions to be welded of the first welding sample 1 and the portions to be welded of the second welding sample 2 close to each other in order to perform welding.
For example, the first welding sample 1 and the second welding sample 2 are selected as pipes; through holes can be respectively formed in the symmetry center of the first support member 3 and the symmetry center of the second support member 4, so that one end of the first welding sample 1 can pass through the through hole in the first support member 3 and be fixedly connected to the first support member 3, and the other end of the first welding sample is used as a part to be welded; so that one end of the second welding sample 2 can be fixedly connected to the second support 4 through the through hole on the second support 4 and the other end serves as a site to be welded. The first support member 3 and the second support member 4 may be made of a steel plate, etc., and the first welding sample 1 may be welded to the first support member 3, and the second welding sample 2 may be welded to the second support member 4. The parts to be welded of the first welding sample 1 and the parts to be welded of the second welding sample 2 are arranged close to each other and face each other, and the first support 3 and the second support 4 form a main support structure parallel to each other. All of the above features may be modified for illustrative purposes. For example, but not limiting of, the first and second welding samples 1 and 2 may be block-shaped structural members, the first and second supports 3 and 4 may be rod-shaped structural members, the first welding sample 1 may be screwed to the first support 3, the second welding sample 2 may be screwed to the second support 4, and so on.
The apparatus of the present invention also includes a stress-carrying assembly. The stress bearing assembly is connected between the first support member 3 and the second support member 4, and forms a firm integrated symmetrical structure with the first support member 3 and the second support member 4 so as to limit the deformation of the first welding sample 1 and the second welding sample 2. The stress bearing assembly is symmetrically arranged with respect to the centre of symmetry of the first support 3 and the centre of symmetry of the second support 4 so that the first weld coupon 1 and the second weld coupon 2 are located at the centre of symmetry of the whole device. For example, but not limited to, the stress bearing assembly is two pieces of fully symmetrical steel, and forms a rectangular frame structure with the first support member 3 and the second support member 4. It should be noted that, no matter what structure the stress bearing assembly is configured, the strength of the stress bearing assembly is preferably lower than the strength of the first support member 3 and the second support member 4, so that the deformation caused by the welding constraint stress occurs on the stress bearing assembly to facilitate data acquisition. Therefore, in the welding process, the welding restraint stress of the first welding sample 1 and the second welding sample 2 is transmitted to the stress bearing assembly through the first supporting piece 3 and the second supporting piece 4, and the stress bearing assembly bears the welding restraint stress to generate corresponding deformation; meanwhile, the stress bearing assembly can limit the deformation of the first welding sample 1 and the second welding sample 2 through the connection relationship with the first support 3 and the second support 4, and applies a reaction force to the first welding sample 1 and the second welding sample 2.
That is, the weld restraint stress applied to the first weld specimen 1 and the second weld specimen 2 can be controlled by adjusting the connection stress between the stress bearing assembly and the first support 3 and the second support 4. Specifically, the strength of the stress bearing assembly itself or the connection strength of the stress bearing assembly and the first support 3 and/or the second support 4 may be adjusted to achieve the above-mentioned purpose. Like this, in the experimentation, exert welding restraint stress on first welding sample 1 and second welding sample 2 through control and change, can simulate more actual welding and service condition to make the metal welding experiment can reveal the effect condition of restraint stress in the welding process more really, and then carry out more effectual prediction and management and control to first welding sample 1 and second welding sample 2 at the life that actually makes under the labour condition.
The apparatus of the present invention also includes a stress measurement assembly. The stress testing component is connected to the stress bearing component and can measure the deformation of the stress bearing component. According to the deformation of the stress bearing assembly, the welding restraint stress borne by the stress bearing assembly, namely the welding restraint stress borne by the first welding sample 1 and the second welding sample 2, can be calculated, and corresponding data are acquired.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the stress measuring assembly comprises a strain sensing assembly 5 attached to the stress carrying assembly. Specifically, the strain sensing component may include a strain gauge, a deformation amount sensor, and the like. The strain gauge is connected on stress bearing assembly, can restrict the different size of stress according to the welding that stress bearing assembly bore, correspondingly outputs stress bearing assembly's deflection, output deformation degree promptly. Then the deformation sensor can transmit the deformation degree to the calculation center, and the calculation center calculates the corresponding welding restraint stress.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the stress-carrying assembly comprises a plurality of bars 10. The rods are arranged at intervals and symmetrically with respect to the centre of symmetry of the first support 3 and the centre of symmetry of the second support 4. As shown in fig. 1, a plurality of bar members 10 are symmetrically disposed at both sides and/or the periphery of the first welding specimen 1 and the second welding specimen 2, and one end of each bar member 10 is detachably connected to the first support 3 and the other end is detachably connected to the second support 4. The rod 10 is preferably used as the stress bearing assembly because the rod 10 is sensitive to the welding constraint stress, and especially when the diameter of the rod 10 is small, the deformation degree can be easily acquired, so that an accurate calculation result can be obtained. The plurality of rod members 10 are provided to control the magnitude of the welding restraining stress. By arranging the rods 10 with different numbers and rigidities, the restraint stress loaded on the first welding sample 1 and the second welding sample 2 can be adjusted, so that the expected design target and experimental effect are achieved. The rods 10 are detachably connected with the first support 3 and the second support 4, and the change of the number of the rods 10 and the replacement of the rods with different rigidities can be easily realized.
In more detail, according to an embodiment of the present invention, both ends of each rod 10 are threaded. The stress bearing assembly further comprises a limiting nut 11, and two ends of the rod 10 can penetrate through the first support member 3 and the second support member 4 respectively and then be in threaded connection with the limiting nut 11, so that the rod 10 is firmly connected to the first support member 3 and the second support member 4. Through holes may be formed at symmetrical positions of the first and second supports 3 and 4 so that both ends of each rod member 10 can penetrate the first and second supports 3 and 4, respectively, at the corresponding positions. As shown in fig. 1, the retainer nut 11 may be plural. For example, at one end of the rod 10 connected with the first support 3, a stop nut 11 may be respectively disposed from both sides of the first support 3 to lock the rod 10 on the first support 3. In addition, by adjusting the screwing position and the screwing degree of the stopper nut 11, the applied welding restraint stress can be finely adjusted.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the apparatus of the present invention further includes a heating assembly to form a high temperature welding environment at the portion to be welded of the first welding sample 1 and the portion to be welded of the second welding sample 2, so as to simulate a real high temperature welding condition or a simulated temperature gradient, so that the data of the welding experiment is closer to the data under the real condition. Preferably, the heating assembly comprises a temperature sensing assembly 7 for controlling the heating temperature. Specifically, the temperature sensing assembly 7 may include a temperature measuring instrument, a temperature sensor, and the like. The temperature measuring instrument measures the temperature heated by the heating assembly, the temperature sensor transmits the measuring result to the operation center, and the operation center calculates the difference value between the actual temperature and the target temperature; when the actual temperature reaches the target temperature, the heating assembly may be stopped; the heating assembly may be restarted when the temperature falls below a certain range below the target temperature. Thereby controlling the heating temperature of the heating component. Preferably, the heating assembly includes an electromagnetic induction heating coil 6 surrounding a portion to be welded of the first welding specimen 1 and a portion to be welded of the second welding specimen 2. The welding environment is maintained at a target temperature by the electromagnetic induction action of the electromagnetic induction heating coil 6, the electromagnetic induction heating coil 6 is easy to arrange and control, and the temperature field is uniform.
In addition, the device of the invention also comprises a control component for automatically controlling the device. The calculation center as described above and above is a component of the control assembly. One or more of the first support 3, the second support 4, the stress bearing assembly, the stress measuring assembly and the heating assembly are electrically connected with the control assembly, so that all the readings of the sensors, sensors and other elements of the whole device can be automatically acquired and processed by the control assembly through data lines and corresponding software, and the start-stop operation of the heating assembly can be automatically controlled by the control assembly.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first and second welding coupons 1 and 2 are thermally insulated with respect to the first and second supports 3 and 4. That is, the first welding sample 1 and the second welding sample 2 are prevented from conducting heat relative to the first support member 3 and the second support member 4, so that on one hand, waste of heat is avoided, and on the other hand, operation difficulty in operating the stress bearing assembly is avoided.
In more detail, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first welding sample 1 and/or the first support 3 is provided with a first cooling pipe 8, and the second welding sample 2 and/or the second support 4 is provided with a second cooling pipe 9. The first cooling duct 8 and the second cooling duct 9 allow a flow-adjustable cooling medium to flow through them, so that heat is not transferred to the first support 3 and the second support 4. The cooling medium may be a liquid or a gas. The control of the cooling temperature can be achieved by a control assembly, for example, the cooling temperature can be maintained at a suitable temperature by automatically controlling the flow rate of the cooling medium. According to another embodiment of the invention, the first support 3 and the second support 4 are hollow structures to allow a flow-adjustable cooling medium to flow through. This allows to cool the first support 3 and the second support 4 directly, and also to achieve thermal insulation. It should be noted, however, that when the first support member 3 and the second support member 4 are configured as hollow structures, the overall strength of the first support member 3 and the second support member 4 should be maintained to be greater than that of the stress bearing assembly.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for testing weld restraint stress. The method includes providing a first support 3 and a second support 4, attaching a first welding specimen 1 to a center of symmetry of the first support 3, attaching a second welding specimen 2 to a center of symmetry of the second support 4, and bringing a portion to be welded of the first welding specimen 1 and a portion to be welded of the second welding specimen 2 close to each other. A stress bearing component is connected between the first support 3 and the second support 4 in a manner that the connection stress can be adjusted, the stress bearing component deforms correspondingly when bearing welding constraint stress, and the stress bearing component is arranged symmetrically relative to the symmetry center of the first support 3 and the symmetry center of the second support 4. The stress bearing assembly is connected with the stress measuring assembly for outputting the welding restraint stress born by the stress bearing assembly.
Embodiments of the apparatus described hereinbefore are also embodiments of the method described herein. The method provided by the invention can be combined with the embodiment of the device in any way, and is within the protection scope of the method. The same contents are not described in detail herein.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the stress measuring component measures the deformation of the stress bearing component, and the welding restraint stress can be calculated according to the deformation and the elastic modulus of the stress bearing component. Specifically, the strain gauge may be connected to the stress bearing assembly as described above, the degree of deformation of the stress bearing assembly is measured, and then the welding constraint stress σ is obtained by calculating from the formula σ ═ E × the welding constraint stress σ. It should be understood that, since there are a plurality of the rod members 10, it is necessary to connect a strain gauge to each rod member 10 to measure the deformation degree of each rod member 10, and accordingly calculate the welding restraint stress σ of each rod member 10. The welding constraint stresses σ borne by all the rods 10 are added to obtain the total welding constraint stress borne by the whole stress bearing assembly, namely the welding constraint stress applied to the first welding sample 1 and the second welding sample 2. In addition, E in the above formula is the elastic modulus of the stress bearing component, and can be obtained through a tensile experiment. As with the previous embodiment, when the stress bearing component is a rod 10, E is the modulus of elasticity of the rod 10. When rods 10 of different rigidities are used, the elastic modulus E is different. When calculating the weld restraint stress σ of each rod 10, the elastic modulus E of the rod 10 itself should be substituted accordingly. It can also be confirmed that different magnitudes of weld restraint stress can be applied to the first weld specimen 1 and the second weld specimen 2 by adjusting the rigidity of the rod member 10. In addition, the welding restraint force F can be obtained by the product of the welding restraint stress sigma and the cross section area A of the stress bearing assembly, is an empirical value commonly used by engineering technicians in engineering practice, and can intuitively express the restraint force applied to a welding piece in the welding process. It will be understood that when the stress bearing assembly is a rod 10, a is the cross-sectional area of the rod 10. When the welding restraining force of each rod piece 10 is independently calculated, the value of A is the cross section street of the rod piece 10; when the welding restraining force of all the rod pieces 10 is calculated, the value of a is the sum of the cross sectional areas of all the rod pieces 10.
The method of the present invention further includes measuring the resistance value of the weld site of the first weld specimen 1 and/or the weld site of the second weld specimen 2 during welding to obtain the crack state of the weld site of the first weld specimen 1 and/or the weld site of the second weld specimen 2, thereby outputting the critical restraint stress of the first weld specimen 1 and/or the second weld specimen 2. When the first weld specimen 1 and/or the second weld specimen 2 is about to break under the critical restraint stress, the resistance value is abruptly changed by the generation of cracks. By continuously measuring the resistance value of the welding sample, a sudden change in resistance can be detected. As an instrument for measuring the resistance value, a Kelvin double arm bridge, a direct current resistance tester, a multimeter or the like can be used. In addition, other instruments capable of detecting the microcracks of the welding parts can be connected at the same time for synchronous verification. The resistance method is used for measurement, experimental instruments are easy to obtain, and a universal meter can be used for example; and the occurrence of sudden resistance changes is easier to monitor.
In more detail, the method of calculating the critical restraint stress includes continuously measuring the resistance value of the welding portion of the first welding specimen 1 and/or the welding portion of the second welding specimen 2 to obtain the resistance variation value; and acquiring the deformation degree output by the strain gauge corresponding to the resistance strain value, and calculating the welding restraint stress by using the formula. The welding constraint stress is the critical constraint stress.
In addition, according to the embodiment of the present invention, during welding, a shielding gas is supplied to the welding site of the first welding sample 1 and the welding site of the second welding sample 2 to perform gas-shielded welding. When the first welding sample 1 and the second welding sample 2 are pipes, the shielding gas may be delivered from the inside of the pipes. Therefore, the high-temperature welding working condition of gas shielded welding can be simulated, and the failure mechanism of the metal material under the working condition of gas shielded welding is explored to be closer to the real use environment.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention. Including each of the specific features, are combined in any suitable manner. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.
Claims (15)
1. An apparatus for testing solder restraint stress, comprising:
the welding device comprises a first supporting piece (3) and a second supporting piece (4), wherein a first welding sample (1) is connected to the symmetrical center of the first supporting piece (3), a second welding sample (2) is connected to the symmetrical center of the second supporting piece (4), and a part to be welded of the first welding sample (1) and a part to be welded of the second welding sample (2) are arranged close to each other;
the stress bearing assembly is connected between the first supporting piece (3) and the second supporting piece (4) in a connection stress adjustable mode so as to generate corresponding deformation when bearing welding constraint stress; and the stress bearing assembly is arranged symmetrically relative to the symmetry center of the first support (3) and the symmetry center of the second support (4), the stress bearing assembly comprises a plurality of rods (10) arranged at intervals, one end of each rod (10) is detachably connected to the first support (3), and the other end is detachably connected to the second support (4); and
and the stress measuring component is connected to the stress bearing component and is used for outputting the welding restraint stress borne by the stress bearing component.
2. The device for testing solder containment stresses of claim 1 wherein the stress measuring assembly comprises a strain sensing assembly (5) attached to the stress bearing assembly.
3. The device for testing solder containment stress according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for testing solder containment stress further comprises a heating element to create a high temperature soldering environment at the to-be-soldered part of the first soldering coupon (1) and the to-be-soldered part of the second soldering coupon (2).
4. The device for testing solder containment stresses according to claim 3, characterized in that the heating assembly comprises an electromagnetic induction heating coil (6) surrounding the to-be-welded part of the first solder coupon (1) and the to-be-welded part of the second solder coupon (2).
5. The device for testing solder restraint stress of claim 3 wherein the heating assembly comprises a temperature sensing assembly (7) for controlling the heating temperature.
6. Device for testing solder containment stresses according to any of the claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the first and second solder coupons (1, 2) are thermally insulated with respect to the first and second supports (3, 4).
7. The device for testing weld containment stresses according to claim 6, wherein the first weld coupon (1) and/or the first support (3) is provided with a first cooling pipe (8) and the second weld coupon (2) and/or the second support (4) is provided with a second cooling pipe (9);
the first cooling pipe section (8) and the second cooling pipe section (9) allow a flow-adjustable cooling medium to flow through them.
8. The device for testing solder containment stress of claim 6, wherein the first support member (3) and the second support member (4) are hollow structures to allow a flow-adjustable cooling medium to flow through.
9. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the apparatus further comprises a control component, and the first support, the second support, the stress carrier, the stress measurement component and/or the heating component are electrically connected to the control component.
10. A method for testing solder restraint stress, comprising:
arranging a first support (3) and a second support (4), connecting a first welding sample (1) to the symmetry center of the first support (3), connecting a second welding sample (2) to the symmetry center of the second support (4), and enabling a part to be welded of the first welding sample (1) and a part to be welded of the second welding sample (2) to be close to each other;
connecting a stress bearing assembly between the first support (3) and the second support (4) in a manner that the connecting stress can be adjusted, wherein the stress bearing assembly comprises a plurality of rods (10) which are arranged at intervals, one end of each rod (10) is detachably connected to the first support (3), the other end of each rod is detachably connected to the second support (4), the stress bearing assembly deforms correspondingly when bearing welding constraint stress, and the stress bearing assembly is symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetrical center of the first support (3) and the symmetrical center of the second support (4); and
and the stress bearing assembly is connected with a stress measuring assembly for outputting the welding restraint stress born by the stress bearing assembly.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the stress measuring assembly measures a deformation of the stress bearing assembly and outputs the solder restraint stress according to the deformation and a modulus of elasticity of the stress bearing assembly.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the stress measuring assembly comprises a strain gauge connected to the stress bearing assembly, the strain gauge outputting a corresponding deformation degree according to the solder restraint stress borne by the stress bearing assembly;
the calculation method of the welding restraint stress comprises the following steps: σ = ex; wherein the deformation degree is output by the strain gauge; e is the elastic modulus of the stress bearing assembly, and is obtained by a tensile experiment; and sigma is the welding restraint stress.
13. The method for testing solder restraint stress of claim 12, further comprising: during the welding process, the resistance value of the welding part of the first welding sample (1) and/or the welding part of the second welding sample (2) is measured, the crack state of the welding part of the first welding sample (1) and/or the welding part of the second welding sample (2) is obtained, and the critical restraint stress of the first welding sample (1) and/or the second welding sample (2) is output.
14. The method for testing solder restraint stress of claim 13, wherein the method for calculating the critical restraint stress comprises:
measuring and obtaining a resistance change value of a welding part of the first welding sample (1) and/or a welding part of the second welding sample (2);
acquiring the deformation degree output by the strain gauge corresponding to the resistance mutation value;
and calculating according to the deformation degree to obtain the welding restraint stress, wherein the welding restraint stress is equal to the critical restraint stress.
15. The method for testing weld restraint stress according to claim 10, wherein during welding, a shielding gas is delivered to the weld site of the first weld specimen (1) and the weld site of the second weld specimen (2) to perform gas-shielded welding.
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