CN109139387A - 梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒,由自下而上竖直设置的至少两个塔筒段以及连接相邻塔筒段的连接单元构成;所述塔筒段由若干个塔筒单元堆叠制成,所述塔筒单元的顶部和底部均设有具有若干第一通孔的第一加劲肋,相邻塔筒单元通过第一螺栓固定连接在一起;所述连接单元呈锥台形,所述塔筒单元和连接单元均包括内、外两层钢板,内、外两层钢板之间填充有UHPC层;所述连接单元的顶部和底部均设有向连接单元内部延伸且水平设置的第二加劲肋,所述第二加劲肋上设有若干第二通孔,所述连接单元与相邻的塔筒单元通过穿过第一通孔、第二通孔的第二螺栓固定连接在一起。本发明的塔筒可以模块化预制,从而提高了生产和安装效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒,属于风力发电技术领域。
背景技术
风电塔筒就是风力发电的塔杆,是风力发电机组的主要承载结构,设置在风力发电机主机和风轮的下面,支撑着重达几十吨的风力发电机主机和风轮,同时还能够吸收风力发电机组的震动。风力发电机塔筒根据风场的区域分布和主风区的高度不同,风力发电机塔筒高度也不同,通常其高度都在几十米以上。—个能够投入运行的风电塔筒,不仅要保证整机的动力稳定性,即塔筒设计不仅要满足空气动力学的要求,而且风力机组在运行时,塔筒受力状况极为复杂,因其顶端位移偏移过大,引起机组强烈共振,最终导致机组不能正常运行的事故较多。
由于混凝土塔筒在制造成本、防腐性能等方面的优势,使其在风力发电机组安装中的应用越来越多。混凝土塔筒一般分几大段,塔筒筒体整体呈空心锥台形状,每大段也呈空心锥台形状,也就是一端大一端小的圆筒形状。每大段塔筒筒体由多节卷制小筒体拼接而成,塔筒筒体拼装完成后进行预应力张拉,使各塔筒结构形成一个整体。
除此以外,风电机组的塔筒也经常采用钢板制作而成,即将钢板通过卷板制作得到圆形筒体。为了保证塔筒的强度,现有钢板塔筒的塔筒壁,也即钢板的厚度要做的很厚,因此钢板消耗多,导致塔筒制作的成本较高。
但是混凝土塔架在拼装完成后需要进行预应力张拉,预应力容易失效,预应力失效后会造成塔架断开或裂开;而钢板制成的塔筒,承压力有限,在超过一定高度后容易压坏造成风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:提出一种安装方便、能够节省材料且承压能力高的风电抗震塔筒。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的技术方案是:一种梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒,由自下而上竖直设置的至少两个塔筒段以及连接相邻塔筒段的连接单元构成,所述塔筒段和连接单元均为空心结构,其中上方塔筒段的外径小于下方塔筒段的外径;
所述塔筒段由若干个圆筒形的塔筒单元堆叠制成,所述塔筒单元的顶部和底部均设有向塔筒单元内部延伸且水平设置的第一加劲肋,所述第一加劲肋上设有若干第一通孔,相邻塔筒单元通过穿过第一通孔的第一螺栓固定连接在一起;
所述连接单元呈锥台形,所述连接单元的顶部和底部均设有向连接单元内部延伸且水平设置的第二加劲肋,所述第二加劲肋上设有若干第二通孔,所述连接单元的顶部与其上方的塔筒单元相匹配,所述连接单元的底部与其下方的塔筒单元相匹配;所述连接单元与相邻的塔筒单元通过穿过第一通孔、第二通孔的第二螺栓固定连接在一起;
所述塔筒单元和连接单元均包括内、外两层钢板,内、外两层钢板之间填充有UHPC层。
UHPC(Ultra-High Performance Concrete)是超高性能混凝土的简称,是过去三十年中最具创新性的水泥基工程材料,实现了工程材料性能的大跨越。“超高性能混凝土”包含两个方面‘超高’——超高的耐久性和超高的力学性能,可参考相关文献,不再赘述。
本发明带来的有益效果是:
1)本发明的塔筒由至少两个塔筒段以及连接相邻塔筒段的连接单元构成,而塔筒段则由多个塔筒单元堆叠制成,因此采用可以模块化预制,提高了生产和安装效率。
2)本发明中塔筒单元和连接单元均由两层钢板+UHPC层构成,UHPC层具有超强的抗压性能,因此钢板仅起支撑模板的作用,可以做的很薄,从而节省了材料。而与混凝土制成的塔筒需要安装和拆除模板相比,塔筒单元和连接单元在预制完成后,钢板成为不可分隔的一部分,从而不需要拆去作为模板的钢板,进一步提高了生产效率。
3)本发明中塔筒单元、连接单元之间以及相邻的塔筒单元之间通过螺栓连接,不再需要预应力张拉,避免了预应力失效带来的危害。而且通过螺栓连接,维修维护均方便。
优选地,所述第一、第二加劲肋均呈圆环形。
优选地,所述塔筒单元、连接单元的内、外两层钢板之间交错设有若干剪力键。
上述技术方案的进一步改进是:所述第一螺栓部分或者全部采用SMA制成的螺栓,所述第二螺栓部分或者全部采用SMA制成的螺栓。SMA制成的螺栓具有记忆功能,具有很好的形状自恢复能力,可以使第一、第二加劲肋在受力过程中平移后及时复位。
上述技术方案的再进一步改进是:所述UHPC层内设有碳纤维网格栅。碳纤维网格栅为柔性结构,可以很容易地嵌入到UHPC层内,这样就可以使用碳纤维网格栅替代传统的钢筋作为筋。碳纤维网格栅具有超强抗拉性能,即使UHPC破裂,也不会降低碳纤维筋的抗拉性能,而且用碳纤维网格栅代替钢筋,不像钢筋一样需要碱性的钝化膜保护层,能消除因钢筋锈蚀导致UHPC层的承载力降低的问题,因此可以减少水泥的用量,减轻了UHPC层的自重,相应地,也保护了生态环境。
上述技术方案的更进一步改进是:所述碳纤维网格栅由碳纤维束编织制成,所述碳纤维网格栅的经向碳纤维束和/或纬向碳纤维束中设有SMA形状记忆合金丝;所述碳纤维网格栅的经向碳纤维束和纬向碳纤维束之间的交叉点通过扎丝捆扎固定从而使碳纤维网格栅形成三维点阵结构。因为SMA形状记忆合金丝具有超弹性、耗能、自恢复的效果,能够快速消耗地震带来的巨大能量,达到抗震的效果。另外,经向碳纤维束和纬向碳纤维束之间的交叉点通过扎丝捆扎固定从而使碳纤维网格栅形成三维点阵结构,使整个编织结构具有耗能可恢复的效果。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1是本发明实施例的结构示意图。
图2是相邻两个塔筒段的连接结构示意图。
图3是塔筒单元的结构示意图。
图4是塔筒单元的剖面示意图。
图5是连接单元的结构示意图。
图6是碳纤维网格栅的结构示意图。
图7是图6中A部的放大图。
附图标记:塔筒段1,连接单元2,塔筒单元3,第一加劲肋4,第二加劲肋5,第一通孔6,第二通孔7,碳纤维网格栅8,碳纤维束9, UHPC层10-1,外层钢板10-2,内层钢板10-3,扎丝11。
具体实施方式
实施例
本实施例的梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒,如图1-3所示,由自下而上竖直设置的至少两个塔筒段1以及连接相邻塔筒段1的连接单元2构成,图1中所示共有三个塔筒段1以及两个连接单元2。所述塔筒段1和连接单元2均为空心结构,其中上方塔筒段1的外径小于下方塔筒段1的外径。
所述塔筒段1包括若干个圆筒形的塔筒单元3堆叠制成,所述塔筒单元3包括内、外两层钢板,内、外两层钢板之间填充有UHPC层;如图3和图4所示,所述塔筒单元3的顶部和底部均设有向塔筒单元3内部延伸且水平设置的第一加劲肋4,所述第一加劲肋4上设有若干第一通孔6,相邻塔筒单元3通过穿过第一通孔6的第一螺栓(图中未示出)固定连接在一起。
如图5所示,所述连接单元2呈锥台形,所述连接单元2也包括内、外两层钢板,内、外两层钢板之间填充有UHPC层;所述连接单元的顶部和底部均设有向连接单元内部延伸且水平设置的第二加劲肋5,所述第二加劲肋5上设有若干第二通孔7,所述连接单元2的顶部与其上方的塔筒单元3相匹配,所述连接单元2的底部与其下方的塔筒单元3相匹配;所述连接单元2与相邻的塔筒单元3通过穿过第一通孔6、第二通孔7的第二螺栓固定连接(图中未示出)在一起。
为了方便塔筒人员作业,作为优选方案,所述第一、第二加劲肋4、5均呈圆环形。
本实施例还可以作以下改进:
1)塔筒单元2、连接单元3的内、外两层钢板之间交错设有若干剪力键。剪力键与UHPC之间紧密结合,提高了塔筒单元2、连接单元3的抗剪能力。
2)所述UHPC层10-1内设有碳纤维网格栅8。碳纤维网格栅8为柔性结构,可以很容易地嵌入到UHPC层内,这样就可以使用碳纤维网格栅8替代传统的钢筋作为筋。碳纤维网格栅8具有超强抗拉性能,即使UHPC破裂,也不会降低碳纤维筋的抗拉性能,而且用碳纤维网格栅代替钢筋,不像钢筋一样需要碱性的钝化膜保护层,能消除因钢筋锈蚀导致UHPC层的承载力降低的问题,因此可以减少水泥的用量,减轻了UHPC层的自重,相应地,也保护了生态环境。
优选的,如图6和图7所示,所述碳纤维网格栅8由碳纤维束9编织制成,所述碳纤维网格栅8的经向碳纤维束和/或纬向碳纤维束中设有SMA形状记忆合金丝;所述碳纤维网格栅的经向碳纤维束和纬向碳纤维束之间的交叉点通过扎丝11捆扎固定从而使碳纤维网格栅8形成三维点阵结构。因为SMA形状记忆合金丝具有超弹性、耗能、自恢复的效果,能够快速消耗地震带来的巨大能量,达到抗震的效果。另外,经向碳纤维束和纬向碳纤维束之间的交叉点通过扎丝捆扎固定从而使碳纤维网格栅形成三维点阵结构,使整个编织结构具有耗能可恢复的效果。
3)所述第一螺栓部分或者全部采用SMA制成的螺栓,所述第二螺栓部分或者全部采用SMA制成的螺栓。SMA制成的螺栓具有记忆功能,具有很好的形状自恢复能力,可以使第一、第二加劲肋在受力过程中平移后及时复位。
本发明不局限于上述实施例的具体技术方案,除上述实施例外,本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案,均落在本发明要求的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒,其特征在于:由自下而上竖直设置的至少两个塔筒段以及连接相邻塔筒段的连接单元构成,所述塔筒段和连接单元均为空心结构,其中上方塔筒段的外径小于下方塔筒段的外径;
所述塔筒段由若干个圆筒形的塔筒单元堆叠制成,所述塔筒单元的顶部和底部均设有向塔筒单元内部延伸且水平设置的第一加劲肋,所述第一加劲肋上设有若干第一通孔,相邻塔筒单元通过穿过第一通孔的第一螺栓固定连接在一起;
所述连接单元呈锥台形,所述连接单元的顶部和底部均设有向连接单元内部延伸且水平设置的第二加劲肋,所述第二加劲肋上设有若干第二通孔,所述连接单元的顶部与其上方的塔筒单元相匹配,所述连接单元的底部与其下方的塔筒单元相匹配;所述连接单元与相邻的塔筒单元通过穿过第一通孔、第二通孔的第二螺栓固定连接在一起;
所述塔筒单元和连接单元均包括内、外两层钢板,内、外两层钢板之间填充有UHPC层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒,其特征在于:所述第一、第二加劲肋均呈圆环形。
3.根据权利要求1所述的梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒,其特征在于:所述塔筒单元、连接单元的内、外两层钢板之间交错设有若干剪力键。
4.根据权利要求1-3之任一项所述的梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒,其特征在于:所述第一螺栓部分或者全部采用SMA制成的螺栓,所述第二螺栓部分或者全部采用SMA制成的螺栓。
5.根据权利要求1-3之任一项所述的梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒,其特征在于:所述UHPC层内设有碳纤维网格栅。
6.根据权利要求5所述的梯度复合材料风电抗震塔筒,其特征在于:所述碳纤维网格栅由碳纤维束编织制成,所述碳纤维网格栅的经向碳纤维束和/或纬向碳纤维束中设有SMA形状记忆合金丝;所述碳纤维网格栅的经向碳纤维束和纬向碳纤维束之间的交叉点通过扎丝捆扎固定从而使碳纤维网格栅形成三维点阵结构。
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