CN109137647B - High-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under temperature load effect - Google Patents
High-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under temperature load effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN109137647B CN109137647B CN201811238055.0A CN201811238055A CN109137647B CN 109137647 B CN109137647 B CN 109137647B CN 201811238055 A CN201811238055 A CN 201811238055A CN 109137647 B CN109137647 B CN 109137647B
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 81
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed railway simulation tests, in particular to a high-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load. The device comprises a vertical reaction frame and a high-speed railway track simulation structure positioned below the vertical reaction frame; the invention relates to a reliable loading platform for vertical, transverse and longitudinal dynamic analysis of a high-speed railway track-roadbed under the action of temperature load, and provides experimental basis for revealing the damage and destruction time-lapse characteristics of a track structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed railway simulation tests, in particular to a high-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load.
Background
The construction of the railways in China is in the form of crossing development, and a plurality of passenger special lines and high-speed railways are under construction. With the increase of the running speed of trains, the dynamics problem of engineering structures is increasingly prominent, the dynamic design of the high-speed railway at present does not form a theoretical system of a system, and the existing design method is difficult to meet the requirement of rapid development of the high-speed railway. Aiming at the key problem of the dynamics of the high-speed railway engineering structure, a model test is developed on the dynamics of a high-speed train-track-roadbed system, and an indoor model test and a field test standard for the dynamic performance of the high-speed railway track-roadbed are provided, so that the method has great practical significance for forming a high-speed railway construction technical system with independent intellectual property rights in China, and provides important technical support for the construction and sustainable development of the high-speed railway in China.
At present, the high-speed railway power load simulation device can only meet the requirement of vertical power loading, the high-speed train can apply transverse force to the steel rail due to snakelike movement during running, longitudinal force can be applied to the steel rail due to acceleration, deceleration and braking operation in the running process, the rail and the rail structure can be applied with temperature load due to external temperature change, the rail-structure and the safety of train running can be influenced in a non-negligible way, the existing simulation device ignores the influence of acting forces of the rail structure in other directions born by the rail structure in the actual running process, the rail dynamic characteristics cannot be completely studied, and the time-dependent behavior of the rail-roadbed simulated and reflected by the actual size model has limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following way: a high-speed railway track vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load comprises a vertical reaction frame and a high-speed railway track simulation structure positioned below the vertical reaction frame;
a vertical rail force application mechanism for simulating vertical force applied to the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, a horizontal rail force application mechanism for simulating horizontal force applied to the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, a longitudinal rail force application mechanism for simulating longitudinal force applied to the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, and a force application mechanism for simulating longitudinal temperature load applied to the rail structure from the outside when the high-speed railway train actually operates are arranged between the vertical reaction frame and the high-speed railway rail simulation structure;
the track vertical force application mechanism, the track horizontal force application mechanism and the track longitudinal force application mechanism act on the high-speed railway track simulation structure through a bogie simulation mechanism for simulating a high-speed railway train bogie.
Further, the bogie simulation mechanism comprises two groups of half wheel sets which are arranged on the rails of the high-speed railway rail simulation structure and used for simulating the bogie of the high-speed railway train and preventing the rails of the high-speed railway rail simulation structure from rolling, the steel beams which are vertically and symmetrically fixedly connected on the half wheel sets and used for uniformly transmitting upper loads, and wheel set longitudinal connecting rods which are used for connecting the two groups of half wheel sets.
Further, the track transverse force application mechanism is characterized in that inclined struts are respectively fixed at included angles at two ends of the vertical reaction frame, a horizontal fixing device is fixed on one inclined strut, transverse actuators for uniformly applying transverse force to the bogie simulation mechanism are mounted at the end part horizontal direction of the horizontal fixing device, and actuating heads of the transverse actuators are connected to one half of wheel pairs through transverse dowel bars and are coaxially distributed.
Further, the track longitudinal force application mechanism comprises the longitudinal actuators for uniformly applying longitudinal force to the bogie simulation mechanism, the longitudinal actuators are fixed on the vertical reaction frame through longitudinal diagonal braces, and the actuating heads of the longitudinal actuators are connected to the half wheel set through longitudinal dowel bars and are distributed coaxially.
Further, the force application mechanism of the longitudinal temperature load is arranged on the roadbed, the longitudinal reaction frame is fixed on the roadbed through bolts, an I-steel force transmission plate is arranged between the longitudinal reaction frame and a track base where the track is located, a plurality of springs are uniformly arranged between the longitudinal reaction frame and the track base, and a force sensor, a longitudinal jack and a force measuring instrument are arranged between the longitudinal reaction frame and the I-steel force transmission plate.
Further, the track vertical force application mechanism comprises a cross beam vertically fixedly connected to the vertical reaction frame, and a vertical actuator which is perpendicular to the high-speed railway track simulation structure and is used for uniformly applying vertical force to the bogie simulation mechanism, wherein an actuating head of the vertical actuator is arranged in a groove formed in the upper surface of the steel beam.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the groove depth of the groove is larger than the distance between the actuating head of the vertical actuator and the bottom of the groove, and a gap of 3cm-5cm is reserved between the actuating head of the vertical actuator and the side wall of the groove.
As a further refinement of the solution, a vertical fixing device is installed between the transverse actuator and the transverse beam.
The vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device for the high-speed railway wheel rail under the action of the temperature load can simulate the vertical force, the horizontal force and the vertical force acting on the rail structure and the external longitudinal temperature load when a train actually runs, and the horizontal force, the vertical force and the vertical force are combined to simulate the acting forces in other directions, and are simultaneously coupled with the horizontal force, the vertical force and the vertical force under the action of the force application mechanism for simulating the longitudinal temperature load, so that the test result is more fit with reality. The bogie simulation mechanism simulates a high-speed train bogie, vertical force, transverse force and longitudinal force are transmitted to the bogie simulation mechanism, and the effect of the vertical force, the transverse force and the longitudinal force on a track structure in actual running of the train can be simulated. The longitudinal temperature load force application mechanism can be provided with elastic moduli of springs with different layers, and the temperature change and the top-down temperature gradient of the whole track structure are simulated. The installation height of the simulation device can be freely adjusted through the vertical reaction frame, and a preset power load time course is input to the track vertical force application mechanism, the track transverse force application mechanism and the track longitudinal force application mechanism, so that different track structural forms can be loaded. The method provides a reliable loading platform for the dynamic analysis of the high-speed railway track-subgrade under the action of temperature load, and provides an experimental basis for revealing the damage and destruction time-lapse characteristics of the track structure.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device;
FIG. 2 is one of the schematic structural diagrams of the vertical, horizontal and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device for the wheel rail of the high-speed railway along the longitudinal section of the line;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of the vertical, horizontal and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device for the wheel rail of the high-speed railway along the longitudinal section of the line;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the high speed railway wheeltrack vertical and lateral force coupled loading simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the steel beam structure of the present invention;
in the figure:
1. a vertical reaction frame; 2. a transverse actuator; 3. a vertical actuator; 4. a steel beam; 5. a horizontal fixing device; 6. a vertical fixing device; 7. a transverse dowel bar; 8. one half wheel pair; 9. a longitudinal connecting rod; 10. a longitudinal dowel bar; 11. a cross beam; 12. diagonal bracing; 13. a longitudinal jack; 14. a load cell; 15. a force sensor; 16. a longitudinal actuator; 17. a spring; 18. i-steel force transmission plate; 19. a longitudinal reaction frame; 20. roadbed; 21. a track base.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a high-speed railway track vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load, which comprises a vertical reaction frame 1 and a high-speed railway track simulation structure positioned below the vertical reaction frame 1;
a vertical rail force application mechanism for simulating vertical force applied to the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, a horizontal rail force application mechanism for simulating horizontal force applied to the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, a longitudinal rail force application mechanism for simulating longitudinal force applied to the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, and a force application mechanism for simulating longitudinal temperature load applied to the rail structure from the outside when the high-speed railway train actually operates are arranged between the vertical reaction frame 1 and the high-speed railway rail simulation structure;
the track vertical force application mechanism, the track horizontal force application mechanism and the track longitudinal force application mechanism act on the high-speed railway track simulation structure through a bogie simulation mechanism for simulating a high-speed railway train bogie.
The bogie simulation mechanism comprises two groups of half wheel pairs 8 which are arranged on the rails of the high-speed railway rail simulation structure and used for simulating the bogie of the high-speed railway train and preventing the rails of the high-speed railway rail simulation structure from rolling, steel beams 4 which are vertically and symmetrically fixedly connected on the half wheel pairs 8 and used for uniformly transmitting upper loads, and wheel pair longitudinal connecting rods 9 which are connected with the two groups of half wheel pairs 8.
The transverse force application mechanism of the track is characterized in that inclined struts 12 are respectively fixed at the included angles of two ends of a vertical reaction frame 1, a horizontal fixing device 5 is fixed on one inclined strut 12, a transverse actuator 2 for uniformly applying transverse force to a bogie simulation mechanism is arranged in the horizontal direction of the end part of the horizontal fixing device 5, an actuating head of the transverse actuator 2 is connected to a half wheel set 8 through a transverse dowel bar 7, and the three are coaxially distributed.
The track longitudinal force application mechanism comprises the longitudinal actuators 16 for uniformly applying longitudinal force to the bogie simulation mechanism, the longitudinal actuators 16 are fixed on the vertical reaction frame 1 through longitudinal diagonal braces, and the actuating heads of the longitudinal actuators 16 are connected to the half wheel set 8 through longitudinal force transfer rods 10 and are distributed coaxially.
The force application mechanism of the longitudinal temperature load is arranged on a roadbed 20, a longitudinal reaction frame 19 is fixed on the roadbed 20 through bolts, an I-steel force transmission plate 18 is arranged between the longitudinal reaction frame 19 and a track base 21 where a track is located, a plurality of springs 17 are uniformly arranged between the longitudinal reaction frame 19 and the track base 21, and a force sensor 15, a longitudinal jack 13 and a force measuring instrument 14 are arranged between the longitudinal reaction frame 19 and the I-steel force transmission plate 18.
The track vertical force application mechanism comprises a cross beam 11 vertically fixedly connected to the vertical reaction frame 1, and a vertical actuator 3 perpendicular to the high-speed railway track simulation structure and used for uniformly applying vertical force to the bogie simulation mechanism, wherein an actuating head of the vertical actuator 3 is arranged in a groove formed in the upper surface of the steel beam 4.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical and lateral force coupling loading simulation device of the embodiment comprises a vertical reaction frame 1 and a high-speed railway rail simulation structure positioned at the bottom of the vertical reaction frame 1, wherein a rail vertical force application mechanism for simulating vertical force applied to a rail structure when a high-speed railway train actually operates, a rail lateral force application mechanism for simulating lateral force applied to the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, a rail longitudinal force application mechanism for simulating longitudinal force applied to the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, and a force application mechanism for simulating longitudinal temperature load applied to the rail structure from the outside when the high-speed railway train actually operates are arranged between the vertical reaction frame 1 and the high-speed railway rail simulation structure. The vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device for the high-speed railway wheel rail under the action of the temperature load can simulate the vertical force, the horizontal force and the vertical force acting on the rail structure and the external longitudinal temperature load when a train actually runs, and the horizontal force, the vertical force and the vertical force are combined to simulate the acting forces in other directions, and are simultaneously coupled with the horizontal force, the vertical force and the vertical force under the action of the force application mechanism for simulating the longitudinal temperature load, so that the test result is more fit with reality. The bogie simulation mechanism simulates a high-speed train bogie, vertical force, transverse force and longitudinal force are transmitted to the bogie simulation mechanism, and the effect of the vertical force, the transverse force and the longitudinal force on a track structure in actual running of the train can be simulated. The longitudinal temperature load force application mechanism can be provided with elastic moduli of springs with different layers, and the temperature change and the top-down temperature gradient of the whole track structure are simulated. The installation height of the simulation device can be freely adjusted through the vertical reaction frame, and a preset power load time course is input to the track vertical force application mechanism, the track transverse force application mechanism and the track longitudinal force application mechanism, so that different track structural forms can be loaded. The method provides a reliable loading platform for the dynamic analysis of the high-speed railway track-subgrade under the action of temperature load, and provides an experimental basis for revealing the damage and destruction time-lapse characteristics of the track structure.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the bogie simulation mechanism includes two sets of half wheel sets 8 installed on rails of the high-speed railway rail simulation structure for simulating the bogie of the high-speed railway train and preventing rolling on the rails of the high-speed railway rail simulation structure, steel beams 4 vertically and symmetrically fixedly connected to the half wheel sets 8 for uniformly transmitting upper loads, and wheel set longitudinal connecting rods 9 connecting the two sets of half wheel sets 8 in the arrangement direction of the two sets of half wheel sets 8 for fixing the two sets of half wheel sets 8 in groups and uniformly transmitting loads.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the track lateral force applying mechanism includes a lateral actuator 2 fixedly connected to a diagonal strut 12 of the vertical reaction frame 1 in the lateral direction of the high-speed railway track simulation structure and configured to uniformly apply a lateral force to the bogie simulation mechanism. The transverse actuator 2 is fixed to the diagonal struts 12 of the vertical reaction frame 1 by means of the horizontal fixing device 5. A vertical fixing device 6 for fixing the transverse actuator 2 in the lateral direction of the transverse actuator 2 is arranged between the transverse actuator 2 and the transverse beam 11 of the vertical reaction frame 1. The actuating head of the transverse actuator 2 is connected to a half wheel set 8 by means of a transverse transfer rod 7. The transverse actuator 2, the transverse dowel 7 and the half wheel set 8 are coaxially arranged.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in this embodiment, the rail longitudinal force application mechanism includes a longitudinal actuator 16 fixedly connected to the vertical reaction frame 1 along the longitudinal direction of the high-speed railway rail simulation structure and used for uniformly applying a longitudinal force to the bogie simulation mechanism, the longitudinal actuator 16 is fixed to the vertical reaction frame 1 by a diagonal brace to ensure that the longitudinal actuator 16 has sufficient stability, and an actuating head of the longitudinal actuator 16 is connected to the half wheel set 8 by a longitudinal dowel 10. The longitudinal actuator 16 is arranged coaxially with the longitudinal transfer rod 10, the transverse connecting rod 9 and the half wheel set 8.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in this embodiment, the force application mechanism of the longitudinal temperature load includes a jack 13, a dynamometer 14, a force sensor 15, a spring 17, an i-steel force transfer plate 18 and a longitudinal reaction frame 19 along the longitudinal direction of the high-speed railway track simulation structure, the spring 17 is divided into three layers, if different layers of springs 17 have the same elastic modulus, the temperature load of the whole track structure along the longitudinal direction can be simulated, if different layers of springs 17 have different elastic moduli, the temperature gradient from top to bottom of the track structure can be simulated, the i-steel force transfer plate 18 adopts the i-steel as the force transfer plate, so as to ensure that the spring 17 is stressed uniformly and has enough rigidity under the action of the longitudinal jack 13, and the longitudinal reaction frame 19 is fixed on the roadbed by 16 bolts, so as to ensure that the longitudinal reaction frame 19 provides enough reaction force.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, the transverse dowel 7 in this embodiment includes a dowel front end formed by welding a steel plate and four steel cylinders, and a dowel end formed by welding a steel cylinder.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, the longitudinal dowel 10 of this embodiment includes a front end of the dowel formed by welding a steel plate and four steel cylinders, and a distal end of the dowel formed by a steel cylinder.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in this embodiment, the track vertical force application mechanism includes a vertical actuator 3 vertically fixedly connected to a cross beam 11 of the vertical reaction frame 1 and used for uniformly applying a vertical force to the bogie simulation mechanism by the vertical high-speed railway track simulation structure. The actuating head of the vertical actuator 3 is arranged in a groove formed on the upper surface of the steel beam 4. The bottom of the actuating head of the vertical actuator 3 is contacted with the steel beam 4.
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, the depth of the groove is larger than the distance between the actuating head of the vertical actuator 3 and the bottom of the groove, so as to prevent the actuating head from being removed from the groove.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a gap of 3cm-5cm is left between the actuating head of the vertical actuator 3 and the groove side wall of the groove, so as to ensure that the vertical actuator 3 contacts the steel beam 4.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in this embodiment, the bottom of the steel beam 4 is arched up by 1cm to 5cm. The arched edges are provided with an arcuate transition for preventing them from deflecting the contact axle and preventing stress concentrations when the vertical actuator 3 is loaded.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a cross beam 11 of the vertical reaction frame 1 is provided with a lifting lug for lifting the reaction frame 1. The upright column of the vertical reaction frame 1 is a telescopic upright column with adjustable height, or the cross beam 11 of the reaction frame 1 is height-adjustable on the upright column.
When the device is implemented, the device for simulating the vertical and horizontal force coupling loading of the high-speed railway wheel track under the action of temperature load comprises a vertical reaction frame 1, a horizontal actuator 2, a vertical actuator 3, a steel beam 4, a horizontal actuator horizontal fixing device 5, a horizontal actuator vertical fixing device 6, a horizontal dowel bar 7, two sets of wheel pairs 8, a wheel pair longitudinal connecting rod 9, a longitudinal dowel bar 10, a longitudinal jack 13, a dynamometer 14, a force sensor 15, a longitudinal actuator 16, a spring 17, an I-steel dowel plate 18, a longitudinal reaction frame 19 and the like. The vertical reaction frame 1 comprises a cross beam 11, inclined struts 12 and the like. The lower part of the vertical actuator 3 is arranged in a groove of the steel beam 4. The steel beams 4 are vertically and symmetrically placed on a set of half wheel pairs 8. The two half wheel sets 8 are connected by a longitudinal connecting rod 9. The lower part of the vertical fixing device 6 is welded on the transverse actuator 2, and transverse force is transmitted to the half wheel pair 8 through the transverse dowel 7. And one half of wheel pairs 8 are used for equally dividing a complete wheel pair into two groups of half wheel pairs, and are connected with the simulation bogie through wheel pair longitudinal connecting rods which are respectively welded at the centers of the two wheel shafts. The steel beam 4 is vertically and symmetrically arranged on the two half wheel pairs 8, and the steel beam 4 is prevented from exceeding the limit of displacement in the test process by welding and fixing, the upper part of the steel beam 4 is provided with a groove with the size slightly larger than that of an actuating head at the lower part of the vertical actuator 3, when the actuating head is arranged at the right center of the groove, a gap of 3-5cm is reserved between the inner wall of the groove and the actuating head, and the bottom of the vertical actuator 3 is ensured to be contacted with the steel beam 4; the bottom of the steel beam 4 is arched up by 3cm, the arched edge is provided with an arc transition to prevent it from deflecting the contact axle when the vertical actuator 3 is loaded, and the arched edge is provided with an arc transition to prevent stress concentration. The longitudinal actuators 16 are fixed to the vertical reaction frame 1 by means of struts to ensure sufficient stability of the longitudinal actuators 16, and the longitudinal force is transmitted to the half wheel set 8 by means of the longitudinal force transmission rods 10. The longitudinal jack 13 applies force to the I-steel force transmission plate 18 through the longitudinal reaction frame 19, so that the springs 17 are uniformly stressed, the temperature change of the track structure is simulated, if springs 17 with the same elastic modulus in different layers are arranged, the temperature change of the whole track structure can be simulated, if springs 17 with different elastic moduli in different layers are arranged, the temperature gradient of the track structure from top to bottom can be simulated, the I-steel force transmission plate 18 adopts I-steel as the force transmission plate, the uniform stress of the springs 17 is ensured, the longitudinal reaction frame 19 is fixed on a roadbed through 16 bolts, and the longitudinal reaction frame 19 provides enough reaction force.
The height of the cross beam 11 is adjusted in the test process, so that the device can adapt to different railway pavement structures or actuators. And by adopting linkage of a plurality of actuators, dynamic loads under different wheel pairs in the running process of the train can be realized. The steel beam 4 is provided with a groove with a size slightly larger than the bottom size of the vertical actuator 3, so as to prevent the vertical actuator 3 from exceeding the limit of longitudinal and transverse displacement in the test process. As shown in fig. 1 and 5, a square groove with a size slightly larger than the bottom size of the vertical actuator 3 is arranged in the middle of the steel beam 4, so that when the actuating head is placed at the right center of the groove, a gap of 3cm-5cm is reserved between the inner wall of the groove and the actuating head. The bottom of the steel beam 4 is arched for 3cm to prevent the steel beam from being in downward deflection contact with the transverse dowel bar 7 when the vertical actuator is loaded; and an arcuate transition is provided at the arched edge to prevent stress concentrations. As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the bottom of the steel beam 4 is arched 3cm above the contact surface of the cross section of the wheel set, and an arc transition is arranged at the arched edge. The force of the transverse actuator 2 is transmitted via the transverse force transmission rod 7 to the half wheel set 8 and thus to the track structure. As shown in fig. 1 to 5, four transverse dowel bars 7 are arranged at the bottom of the transverse actuator 2 and are fixed with an iron plate and then are vertically fixed with the transverse dowel bars 7 of the half wheel pair. As shown in fig. 1, the transverse actuator 2 is jointly fixed by means of a vertical fixing device 6 and a horizontal fixing device 5. As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the lower part of the vertical fixing device 6 is welded with the actuator. The steel beams 4 are vertically and symmetrically arranged on the half wheel set 8, and the steel beams 4 are prevented from exceeding the limit of displacement in the test process through welding and fixing. As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, two half wheel pairs 8 of the simulation bogie are respectively and vertically symmetrically provided with a steel beam 4. One complete wheel set is equally split into two sets of half wheel sets 8 and connected to the simulation bogie by means of a longitudinal connecting rod 9. As shown in fig. 1 to 5, two sets of half wheel sets 8 are placed on the rail, are spaced apart by a fixed wheelbase of the high-speed train, and are connected with the simulation bogie through a longitudinal connecting rod 9. As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 5, the longitudinal actuator is fixed to the vertical reaction frame 1 by means of a longitudinal diagonal strut. As shown in fig. 1 to 5, four longitudinal dowel bars 10 are arranged at the bottom of the longitudinal actuator 16 and are coaxial with the transverse dowel bars 7 of the half wheel set after being fixed with an iron plate. As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 5, the temperature load is simulated by the longitudinal jack 13, the dynamometer 14, the force sensor 15, the spring 17, the i-steel force transfer plate 18 and the longitudinal reaction frame 19, if the springs 17 with the same elastic modulus are arranged on different layers, the temperature change of the whole track structure can be simulated, if the springs 17 with different elastic moduli are arranged on different layers, the temperature gradient from top to bottom of the track structure can be simulated, the spring 17 is uniformly stressed and has enough rigidity under the action of the longitudinal jack 13, the i-steel force transfer plate 18 adopts the i-steel as the force transfer plate, and the longitudinal reaction frame 19 is fixed on the roadbed by 16 bolts.
The transverse actuator 2 transmits transverse force to the wheel set through a transverse dowel bar 7, wherein the transverse dowel bar 7 is divided into two parts, one part is a dowel bar front end formed by welding a steel plate and four steel cylinders, and the other part is a steel cylinder dowel bar tail end. The front end of the dowel bar is formed by welding a steel plate and four steel cylinders, the distance between two adjacent cylinders is 15cm, the diameter of each steel cylinder is 5cm, the length is 2m, one end of each steel cylinder is symmetrically welded to an actuating head of the transverse actuator 2, the other end of each steel cylinder is symmetrically welded to the steel plate, and the size of the steel plate is 30cm multiplied by 4cm. The end of the dowel bar is a steel cylinder with the diameter of 10cm and the length of the dowel bar is such that one end of the dowel bar is just connected with the axle of the wheel set, and the other end of the dowel bar is welded with the center of the steel plate.
The longitudinal actuator 16 transmits a longitudinal force to the wheel set through the longitudinal force transfer rod 10, wherein the longitudinal force transfer rod 10 is divided into two parts, one part is a front end of the force transfer rod formed by welding a steel plate and four steel cylinders, and the other part is a tail end of the force transfer rod of the steel cylinder. The front end of the dowel bar is formed by welding a steel plate and four steel cylinders, the distance between two adjacent cylinders is 15cm, the diameter of each steel cylinder is 5cm, the length is 2m, one end of each steel cylinder is symmetrically welded to an actuating head of a longitudinal actuator 16, the other end of each steel cylinder is symmetrically welded to a steel plate, and the size of the steel plate is 30cm multiplied by 4cm. The end of the dowel bar is a steel cylinder with the diameter of 10cm and the length of the dowel bar is such that one end of the dowel bar is just connected with the axle of the wheel set, and the other end of the dowel bar is welded with the center of the steel plate.
The vertical force, the horizontal force and the longitudinal force applied to the track structure and the external longitudinal temperature load can be simulated simultaneously when the train actually runs by the high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical force coupling loading simulation device, and the horizontal force, the vertical force and the longitudinal force are combined to simulate acting forces in other directions, and are coupled with the horizontal force, the vertical force and the longitudinal force under the action of the force application mechanism for simulating the longitudinal temperature load, so that the test result is more fit with reality. A complete wheel pair is cut into two halves along a central axis, two half wheel pairs 8 are connected by a rod piece, the wheel base is made to be a standard wheel base, so that the bogie of the high-speed train is simulated, vertical force is transmitted to the wheel pair through a steel beam, transverse force is transmitted to the wheel pair through a transverse dowel bar 7, longitudinal force is transmitted to the wheel pair through a longitudinal dowel bar 10, temperature load is transmitted to force simulation of an integral track structure through an I-steel dowel plate and a spring, and therefore the effect of the vertical force, the transverse force and the longitudinal force on the track structure under the action of the temperature load in actual running of the train can be simulated. The lower part of the vertical actuator 3 is placed in a recess in the steel beam 4 allowing limited movement of the vertical actuator 3 to accommodate the effect of the loading of the lateral actuator 2 on the position of the vertical actuator 3. The bottom of the steel beam 4 is arched up by 3cm, the arched edge is provided with an arc transition to prevent it from deflecting the contact axle when the vertical actuator 3 is loaded, and the arched edge is provided with an arc transition to prevent stress concentration. The mounting height can be freely adjusted, and a preset power load time course is input to the actuator, so that different track structure forms can be loaded.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. High-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under temperature load effect, its characterized in that: the device comprises a vertical counterforce frame (1) and a high-speed railway track simulation structure positioned below the vertical counterforce frame (1);
a vertical rail force application mechanism for simulating vertical force acting on the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, a rail transverse force application mechanism for simulating transverse force acting on the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, a rail longitudinal force application mechanism for simulating longitudinal force acting on the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates, and a force application mechanism for simulating longitudinal temperature load externally acting on the rail structure when the high-speed railway train actually operates are arranged between the vertical reaction frame (1) and the high-speed railway rail simulation structure; the force application mechanism of the longitudinal temperature load is arranged on a roadbed (20), a longitudinal reaction frame (19) is fixed on the roadbed (20) through bolts, an I-steel force transmission plate (18) is arranged between the longitudinal reaction frame (19) and a track base (21) where a track is located, a plurality of springs (17) are uniformly arranged between the longitudinal reaction frame (19) and the track base (21), and a force sensor (15), a longitudinal jack (13) and a force measuring instrument (14) are arranged between the longitudinal reaction frame (19) and the I-steel force transmission plate (18);
the track vertical force application mechanism, the track horizontal force application mechanism and the track longitudinal force application mechanism act on the high-speed railway track simulation structure through a bogie simulation mechanism for simulating a high-speed railway train bogie;
the bogie simulation mechanism simulates a high-speed train bogie, vertical force, transverse force and longitudinal force are transmitted to the bogie simulation mechanism, and the effect of the vertical force, the transverse force and the longitudinal force on a track structure in actual running of the train is simulated; the force application mechanism of the longitudinal temperature load is provided with elastic moduli of springs with different layers, and the temperature change and the top-down temperature gradient of the track structure are simulated; and inputting a preset power load time course to the track vertical force application mechanism, the track horizontal force application mechanism and the track longitudinal force application mechanism, and loading different track structural forms.
2. The high-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load according to claim 1, wherein:
the bogie simulation mechanism comprises two groups of half wheel pairs (8) which are arranged on the rails of the high-speed railway rail simulation structure and used for simulating the bogie of the high-speed railway train and preventing the rails of the high-speed railway rail simulation structure from rolling, steel beams (4) which are vertically and symmetrically fixedly connected on the half wheel pairs (8) and used for uniformly transmitting upper loads, and wheel pair longitudinal connecting rods (9) which are connected with the two groups of half wheel pairs (8).
3. The high-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load according to claim 1, wherein:
the horizontal force application mechanism of the track is characterized in that inclined struts (12) are respectively fixed at included angles at two ends of a vertical reaction frame (1), a horizontal fixing device (5) is fixed on one inclined strut (12), a horizontal actuator (2) for uniformly applying horizontal force to a bogie simulation mechanism is arranged in the horizontal direction of the end part of the horizontal fixing device (5), an actuating head of the horizontal actuator (2) is connected to a half wheel set (8) through a horizontal dowel bar (7), and the three are coaxially distributed.
4. The high-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load according to claim 2, wherein:
the track longitudinal force application mechanism comprises longitudinal actuators (16) for uniformly applying longitudinal force to the bogie simulation mechanism, the longitudinal actuators (16) are fixed on the vertical reaction frame (1) through longitudinal diagonal braces, and actuating heads of the longitudinal actuators (16) are connected to the half wheel set (8) through longitudinal dowel bars (10) and are distributed coaxially.
5. The high-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load according to claim 1, wherein:
the vertical force application mechanism of the track comprises a cross beam (11) vertically fixedly connected to the vertical reaction frame (1) and a vertical actuator (3) which is perpendicular to the high-speed railway track simulation structure and is used for uniformly applying vertical force to the bogie simulation mechanism, wherein an actuating head of the vertical actuator (3) is arranged in a groove formed in the upper surface of the steel beam (4).
6. The high-speed railway wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load according to claim 5, wherein: the depth of the groove is larger than the distance between the actuating head of the vertical actuator (3) and the bottom of the groove, and a gap of 3cm-5cm is reserved between the actuating head of the vertical actuator (3) and the side wall of the groove.
7. A high-speed rail wheel rail vertical and horizontal force coupling loading simulation device under the action of temperature load according to claim 3, wherein: a vertical fixing device (6) is arranged between the transverse actuator (2) and the cross beam (11).
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