CN109136785B - Austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing Download PDF

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CN109136785B
CN109136785B CN201811068002.9A CN201811068002A CN109136785B CN 109136785 B CN109136785 B CN 109136785B CN 201811068002 A CN201811068002 A CN 201811068002A CN 109136785 B CN109136785 B CN 109136785B
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stainless steel
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CN109136785A (en
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孔见
栾高灿
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum

Abstract

The invention discloses austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 1.80-2.50%, Si: 0.30-0.65%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, P is less than or equal to 0.028%, Mo: 3.0-4.0%, Cr: 17.0 to 19.0%, Ni: 11.0-14.0%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75%, Nb or V: 0.3-0.7%, and the balance Fe. The austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing is obtained by controlling element components and properly adding Nb/V microalloying, the maximum room temperature tensile strength of the additive body obtained by additive manufacturing after being made into wire or powder can reach 961MPa, the maximum room temperature yield strength is 630MPa, and the maximum elongation after fracture can reach 42.7%.

Description

Austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing
Technical Field
The invention discloses austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing, and belongs to the technical field of metal materials.
Background
In recent years, against the background of resource saving and efficient Manufacturing, an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology based on an "Additive" processing mode has a wide application prospect in Manufacturing thin-walled parts with complex shapes. Additive manufacturing is commonly known as 3D printing, combines computer aided design, material processing and forming technology, and is a manufacturing technology for manufacturing solid objects by stacking special metal materials, non-metal materials and medical biomaterials layer by layer in modes of extrusion, sintering, melting, photocuring, spraying and the like through a software and numerical control system on the basis of a digital model file. However, to date, the types of metals suitable for additive manufacturing are not counted too many.
316L stainless steel belongs to AISI 300 austenitic stainless steel series products in 70 th century of the United states. It is a classic 18-8(Cr-Ni) stainless steel component modified alloy, and is a Cr-Ni-Mo type ultra-low carbon stainless steel developed for improving corrosion resistance. Because of its excellent seawater corrosion resistance, intergranular corrosion resistance and high-temperature mechanical properties, it is widely used in the manufacture of pipelines, heat exchangers, high-temperature bolts and medical materials, and is a widely used austenitic stainless steel at present. At present, the tensile strength at room temperature of 316L austenitic stainless steel which is used more is 485MPa, the yield strength at room temperature is 170MPa, the elongation after fracture is 40 percent, and the strength is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low strength of the 316L austenitic stainless steel, the invention aims to provide the 00Cr17Ni12Mo4Nb austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing and the preparation method thereof, and compared with the traditional 316L austenitic stainless steel, the strength of the additive manufactured sample is remarkably improved, and good plasticity is kept.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 1.80-2.50%, Si: 0.30-0.65%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, P is less than or equal to 0.028%, Mo: 3.0-4.0%, Cr: 16.0-18.0%, Ni: 11-14%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75%, Nb or V: 0.3-0.7%, and the balance Fe.
The preparation method of the austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) configuring materials required by austenitic stainless steel according to designed components;
(2) putting the prepared elements into a smelting furnace for smelting, and casting into a solid bar;
(3) rolling and drawing the cast bar for multiple times to finally form a stainless steel wire with the diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm;
(4) and (3) preparing the prepared wire into a stainless steel block by using a cold metal transfer welding (CMT) additive manufacturing method, setting the wire feeding speed to be 4.5-5.5 m/min, the cladding speed to be 45-50 cm/min and the welding current to be 100-120A, surfacing a block sample on the substrate, wherein each layer of welding bead is vertical to the next layer of welding bead.
The invention also provides another preparation method of the austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) configuring materials required by austenitic stainless steel according to designed components;
(2) putting the prepared elements into a smelting furnace for smelting, and preparing stainless steel powder by adopting a gas atomization technology;
(3) screening the prepared powder, and selecting stainless steel powder with the diameter of 15-53 mu m for additive manufacturing;
(4) the prepared stainless steel powder is used for selective laser melting to prepare a block, the laser power is set to be 100-110W, an island with the spot diameter of 180 mu m is selected for scanning, the scanning speed is 350-400 mm/s, the scanning interval is 120-130 mu m, and a block sample is obtained by material increase on a substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a stainless steel formula is improved on the basis of the prior art, the tensile strength of a sample manufactured by an additive in a direction parallel to a substrate at room temperature is 961MPa, the yield strength at room temperature is 630MPa, the elongation after fracture is 29.0%, the tensile strength in a direction perpendicular to the substrate is 891MPa, the yield strength is 403MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 39.5%. In a word, the sample manufactured by the stainless steel additive manufacturing has good formability, the strength of the material is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the stainless steel additive manufacturing has good plasticity.
Detailed Description
In the technical scheme of the invention, a 316L system is used as a matrix, and the comprehensive performance of the system is excellent. By improving certain alloy components and adding Nb and V elements, the material achieves the effects of higher strength and better plasticity of a sample obtained by material increase while being suitable for material increase.
Example 1:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 2.10%, Si: 0.37 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.028 percent of P, Mo: 3.3%, Cr: 17.5%, Ni: 12.5 percent, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Nb: 0.5 percent and the balance of Fe.
Stainless steel is made into a wire with the diameter of 0.8mm, the wire is subjected to additive manufacturing by using CMT, the wire feeding speed is set to be 4.5m/s, the welding current is set to be 100A, the cladding speed is set to be 45cm/min, and a block sample with the size of 10 multiplied by 10cm is formed on a substrate in a surfacing mode. And each layer of welding bead is vertical to the next welding bead, and the prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the direction parallel to the substrate and the direction vertical to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
The microstructure of a metallographic specimen observation sample is manufactured, and the microstructure of an additive body is found to be dendritic, the dendritic crystal of the sample vertical to the substrate direction is longer, and the dendritic crystal of the sample parallel to the substrate direction is relatively shorter.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are respectively 841MPa, 572MPa and 30.1 percent in the direction parallel to the substrate. The tensile strength was 751MPa, the yield strength was 355MPa, and the elongation after fracture was 41.3% in the direction perpendicular to the substrate.
Example 2:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 2.33%, Si: 0.41 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.028 percent of P, Mo: 3.3%, Cr: 17.7%, Ni: 13.1 percent, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Nb: 0.7 percent and the balance of Fe.
Stainless steel is made into a wire with the diameter of 1mm, the wire is subjected to additive manufacturing by using CMT, the wire feeding speed is set to be 5.0m/s, the welding current is set to be 105A, the cladding speed is set to be 50cm/min, and a block sample with the size of 10 multiplied by 10cm is formed on a substrate in a surfacing mode. And each layer of welding bead is vertical to the next welding bead, and the prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the direction parallel to the substrate and the direction vertical to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
The microstructure of a metallographic specimen observation sample is manufactured, and the microstructure of an additive body is found to be dendritic, the dendritic crystal of the sample vertical to the substrate direction is longer, and the dendritic crystal of the sample parallel to the substrate direction is relatively shorter.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are obtained in the direction parallel to the substrate and are 949MPa, 622MPa and 29.5 percent respectively. The tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the substrate was 885MPa, the yield strength was 401MPa, and the elongation after fracture was 39.0%.
Example 3:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 2.31%, Si: 0.46 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.028 percent of P, Mo: 3.0%, Cr: 17.8%, Ni: 12.6 percent, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Nb: 0.5 percent and the balance of Fe.
Stainless steel is made into a wire with the diameter of 1mm, the wire is subjected to additive manufacturing by using CMT, the wire feeding speed is set to be 5.0m/s, the welding current is set to be 110A, the cladding speed is set to be 50cm/min, and a block sample with the size of 10 multiplied by 10cm is formed on a substrate in a surfacing mode. And each layer of welding bead is vertical to the next welding bead, and the prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the direction parallel to the substrate and the direction vertical to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
The microstructure of a metallographic specimen observation sample is manufactured, and the microstructure of an additive body is found to be dendritic, the dendritic crystal of the sample vertical to the substrate direction is longer, and the dendritic crystal of the sample parallel to the substrate direction is relatively shorter.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are obtained in the direction parallel to the substrate, wherein the tensile strength is 837MPa, the yield strength is 565MPa and the elongation after fracture is 30.2 percent. The tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the substrate was 749MPa, the yield strength was 349MPa, and the elongation after fracture was 41.4%.
Example 4:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 2.17%, Si: 0.33 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.028 percent of P, Mo: 4.0%, Cr: 18.2%, Ni: 12.7 percent, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Nb: 0.3 percent and the balance of Fe.
Stainless steel is made into a wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, the wire is subjected to additive manufacturing by using CMT, the wire feeding speed is set to be 5.5m/s, the welding current is set to be 120A, the cladding speed is set to be 50cm/min, and a block sample with the size of 10 multiplied by 10cm is formed on a substrate in a surfacing mode. And each layer of welding bead is vertical to the next welding bead, and the prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the direction parallel to the substrate and the direction vertical to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
The microstructure of a metallographic specimen observation sample is manufactured, and the microstructure of an additive body is found to be dendritic, the dendritic crystal of the sample vertical to the substrate direction is longer, and the dendritic crystal of the sample parallel to the substrate direction is relatively shorter.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength is 940MPa, the yield strength is 627MPa and the elongation after fracture is 29.7% in the direction parallel to the substrate. The tensile strength of 875MPa, the yield strength of 397MPa and the elongation after fracture of 39.2 percent are obtained in the direction vertical to the substrate.
Example 5:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 2.41%, Si: 0.44%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, P is less than or equal to 0.028%, Mo: 3.5%, Cr: 19.0%, Ni: 12.1%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75%, V: 0.5 percent and the balance of Fe.
Stainless steel is made into a wire with the diameter of 0.8mm, the wire is subjected to additive manufacturing by using CMT, the wire feeding speed is set to be 4.5m/s, the welding current is set to be 100A, the cladding speed is set to be 45cm/min, and a block sample with the size of 10 multiplied by 10cm is formed on a substrate in a surfacing mode. And each layer of welding bead is vertical to the next welding bead, and the prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the direction parallel to the substrate and the direction vertical to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
The microstructure of a metallographic specimen observation sample is manufactured, and the microstructure of an additive body is found to be dendritic, the dendritic crystal of the sample vertical to the substrate direction is longer, and the dendritic crystal of the sample parallel to the substrate direction is relatively shorter.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are obtained in the direction parallel to the substrate and are 903MPa, 597MPa and 30.5 percent respectively. The tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the substrate was 830MPa, the yield strength was 412MPa, and the elongation after fracture was 39.5%.
Example 6:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 2.50%, Si: 0.65%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, P is less than or equal to 0.028%, Mo: 3.1%, Cr: 17.8%, Ni: 14.0%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75%, V: 0.7 percent and the balance of Fe.
Stainless steel is made into a wire with the diameter of 1mm, the wire is subjected to additive manufacturing by using CMT, the wire feeding speed is set to be 5.0m/s, the welding current is set to be 105A, the cladding speed is set to be 50cm/min, and a block sample with the size of 10 multiplied by 10cm is formed on a substrate in a surfacing mode. And each layer of welding bead is vertical to the next welding bead, and the prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the direction parallel to the substrate and the direction vertical to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
The microstructure of a metallographic specimen observation sample is manufactured, and the microstructure of an additive body is found to be dendritic, the dendritic crystal of the sample vertical to the substrate direction is longer, and the dendritic crystal of the sample parallel to the substrate direction is relatively shorter.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are obtained in the direction parallel to the substrate and are 811MPa, 543MPa and 31.2 percent respectively. The tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the substrate was 754MPa, the yield strength was 332MPa, and the elongation after fracture was 41.4%.
Example 7:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 2.39%, Si: 0.51%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, P is less than or equal to 0.028%, Mo: 3.3%, Cr: 18.4%, Ni: 12.7%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75%, V: 0.5 percent and the balance of Fe.
Stainless steel is made into a wire with the diameter of 1mm, the wire is subjected to additive manufacturing by using CMT, the wire feeding speed is set to be 5.0m/s, the welding current is set to be 110A, the cladding speed is set to be 50cm/min, and a block sample with the size of 10 multiplied by 10cm is formed on a substrate in a surfacing mode. And each layer of welding bead is vertical to the next welding bead, and the prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the direction parallel to the substrate and the direction vertical to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
The microstructure of a metallographic specimen observation sample is manufactured, and the microstructure of an additive body is found to be dendritic, the dendritic crystal of the sample vertical to the substrate direction is longer, and the dendritic crystal of the sample parallel to the substrate direction is relatively shorter.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are obtained in the direction parallel to the substrate and are 908MPa, 586MPa and 30.6 percent respectively. Tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the substrate was 841MPa, yield strength was 405MPa, and elongation after fracture was 39.7%.
Example 8:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 1.91%, Si: 0.31 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.028 percent of P, Mo: 3.4%, Cr: 18.6%, Ni: 12.3%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75%, V: 0.3 percent and the balance of Fe.
Stainless steel is made into a wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, the wire is subjected to additive manufacturing by using CMT, the wire feeding speed is set to be 5.5m/s, the welding current is set to be 120A, the cladding speed is set to be 50cm/min, and a block sample with the size of 10 multiplied by 10cm is formed on a substrate in a surfacing mode. And each layer of welding bead is vertical to the next welding bead, and the prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the direction parallel to the substrate and the direction vertical to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
The microstructure of a metallographic specimen observation sample is manufactured, and the microstructure of an additive body is found to be dendritic, the dendritic crystal of the sample vertical to the substrate direction is longer, and the dendritic crystal of the sample parallel to the substrate direction is relatively shorter.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are obtained in the direction parallel to the substrate and are respectively 802MPa, 550MPa and 31.0 percent. The tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the substrate was 740MPa, the yield strength was 329MPa, and the elongation after fracture was 41.5%.
Example 9:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 2.21%, Si: 0.55 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.028 percent of P, Mo: 3.6%, Cr: 18.1%, Ni: 12.6 percent, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Nb: 0.3 percent and the balance of Fe.
The method comprises the steps of preparing stainless steel into 15-53 mu m stainless steel powder, preparing a stainless steel block by using a selective laser melting technology, setting laser power to be 100W, selecting an island with a spot diameter of 180 mu m for scanning, wherein the scanning speed is 350mm/s, the scanning interval is 120 mu m, and adding materials on a substrate to obtain a block sample with the size of 10 x 10 cm. The prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the directions parallel to the substrate and perpendicular to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
And (3) manufacturing a metallographic specimen to observe the microstructure of the specimen, and finding that the structure of the additive body is fine and has a layered structure, less internal pores and higher density.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are obtained in the direction parallel to the substrate, wherein the tensile strength is 827MPa, the yield strength is 530MPa and the elongation after fracture is 31.6%. The tensile strength was 730MPa, the yield strength was 391MPa, and the elongation after fracture was 41.7% in the direction perpendicular to the substrate.
Example 10:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 2.25%, Si: 0.30 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.028 percent of P, Mo: 3.7%, Cr: 18.5%, Ni: 11.0 percent, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Nb: 0.5 percent and the balance of Fe.
The method comprises the steps of preparing stainless steel into 15-53 mu m stainless steel powder, preparing a stainless steel block by using a selective laser melting technology, setting laser power to be 110W, selecting an island with a spot diameter of 180 mu m for scanning, wherein the scanning speed is 400mm/s, the scanning interval is 130 mu m, and adding materials on a substrate to obtain a block sample with the size of 10 x 10 cm. The prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the directions parallel to the substrate and perpendicular to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
And (3) manufacturing a metallographic specimen to observe the microstructure of the specimen, and finding that the structure of the additive body is fine and has a layered structure, less internal pores and higher density.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are obtained in the direction parallel to the substrate and are 961MPa, 630MPa and 29.0 percent respectively. The tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the substrate was 891MPa, the yield strength was 403MPa, and the elongation after fracture was 39.5%.
Example 11:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 2.37%, Si: 0.40 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.028 percent of P, Mo: 3.5%, Cr: 18.2%, Ni: 13.5%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75%, V: 0.3 percent and the balance of Fe.
The method comprises the steps of preparing stainless steel into 15-53 mu m stainless steel powder, preparing a stainless steel block by using a selective laser melting technology, setting laser power to be 105W, selecting an island with a spot diameter of 180 mu m for scanning, wherein the scanning speed is 380mm/s, the scanning interval is 125 mu m, and adding materials on a substrate to obtain a block sample with the size of 10 x 10 cm. The prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the directions parallel to the substrate and perpendicular to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
And (3) manufacturing a metallographic specimen to observe the microstructure of the specimen, and finding that the structure of the additive body is fine and has a layered structure, less internal pores and higher density.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are obtained in the direction parallel to the substrate and are 912MPa, 603MPa and 31.1 percent respectively. The tensile strength is 835MPa, the yield strength is 417MPa and the elongation after fracture is 40.2 percent.
Example 12:
an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 1.80%, Si: 0.37 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.028 percent of P, Mo: 3.3%, Cr: 17.0%, Ni: 12.4%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75%, V: 0.5 percent and the balance of Fe.
The method comprises the steps of preparing stainless steel into 15-53 mu m stainless steel powder, preparing a stainless steel block by using a selective laser melting technology, setting laser power to be 100W, selecting an island with a spot diameter of 180 mu m for scanning, wherein the scanning speed is 370mm/s, the scanning interval is 120 mu m, and adding materials on a substrate to obtain a block sample with the size of 10 x 10 cm. The prepared sample is cut into two types of samples in the directions parallel to the substrate and perpendicular to the substrate, so that the performance of the sample can be conveniently analyzed.
And (3) manufacturing a metallographic specimen to observe the microstructure of the specimen, and finding that the structure of the additive body is fine and has a layered structure, less internal pores and higher density.
According to the national standard of tensile test, the block is made into a tensile test sample meeting the national standard and is subjected to tensile property test, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation after fracture of the block are obtained in the direction parallel to the substrate and are 908MPa, 597MPa and 31.2 percent respectively. The tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the substrate was 830MPa, the yield strength was 414MPa, and the elongation after fracture was 40.5%.
The stainless steel prepared by the invention is not limited to the above additive manufacturing technologies, and the stainless steel prepared by laser metal direct forming, electron beam additive manufacturing, plasma arc additive manufacturing, ion beam additive manufacturing and the like also belongs to the technical protection scope of the invention.
Table 1 ingredient table of specific examples (%)
Figure BDA0001798795400000071
Figure BDA0001798795400000081
Except the components given in Table 1, the rest components are equal to or less than 0.03 percent of C, equal to or less than 0.015 percent of S, equal to or less than 0.028 percent of P, equal to or less than 0.75 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe.
TABLE 2 actual measurement values of the properties
Figure BDA0001798795400000082
Note: transverse direction sigmab，σsDelta is the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture, longitudinal sigma parallel to the substrateb，σsAnd delta is tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, yield strength, elongation after fracture, and strength in MPa.

Claims (7)

1. The austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.03%, Mn: 1.80-2.50%, Si: 0.30-0.65%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, P is less than or equal to 0.028%, Mo: 3.0-4.0%, Cr: 16.0-18.0%, Ni: 11-14%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.75%, Nb or V: 0.3-0.7%, and the balance of Fe;
the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) configuring materials required by austenitic stainless steel according to designed components;
(2) putting the prepared elements into a smelting furnace for smelting, and casting into a solid bar;
(3) rolling and drawing the cast bar for multiple times to finally form a stainless steel wire;
(4) preparing a stainless steel block from the prepared wire by using a cold metal transition welding additive manufacturing method, overlaying a block sample on a substrate, and enabling each layer of welding pass to be vertical to the next layer of welding pass;
or
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) configuring materials required by austenitic stainless steel according to designed components;
(2) putting the prepared elements into a smelting furnace for smelting, and preparing stainless steel powder by adopting a gas atomization technology;
(3) screening the prepared powder;
(4) the prepared stainless steel powder is used for selective laser melting to prepare a block, and a block sample is formed on a substrate in an additive mode;
the structure of the obtained austenitic stainless steel additive is dendritic, the dendrite of the sample vertical to the substrate direction is longer, and the dendrite of the sample parallel to the substrate direction is relatively shorter.
2. The method of making an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) configuring materials required by austenitic stainless steel according to designed components;
(2) putting the prepared elements into a smelting furnace for smelting, and casting into a solid bar;
(3) rolling and drawing the cast bar for multiple times to finally form a stainless steel wire;
(4) and (3) preparing a stainless steel block by using the prepared wire material by using a cold metal transition welding additive manufacturing method, overlaying a block sample on a substrate, and enabling each layer of welding pass to be vertical to the next layer of welding pass.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the stainless steel wire rod having a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2mm is finally formed.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the wire feeding speed is set to be 4.5-5.5 m/min, the cladding speed is set to be 45-50 cm/min, and the welding current is set to be 100-120A.
5. The method of making an austenitic stainless steel suitable for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) configuring materials required by austenitic stainless steel according to designed components;
(2) putting the prepared elements into a smelting furnace for smelting, and preparing stainless steel powder by adopting a gas atomization technology;
(3) screening the prepared powder;
(4) the prepared stainless steel powder is used for selective laser melting to prepare a block, and a block sample is formed on a substrate in an additive mode.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the prepared powder is sieved, and stainless steel powder with the diameter of 15-53 μm is selected for additive manufacturing.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (4), the laser power is set to be 100-110W, the island with the spot diameter of 180 μm is selected to be scanned, the scanning speed is 350-400 mm/s, and the scanning pitch is 120-130 μm.
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