CN109136325B - Method for providing powdery mildew source for wheat disease resistance identification and wheat powdery mildew disease resistance identification - Google Patents
Method for providing powdery mildew source for wheat disease resistance identification and wheat powdery mildew disease resistance identification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for providing powdery mildew source for wheat disease resistance identification and wheat powdery mildew disease resistance identification relates to a method for providing the bacterial source for wheat disease resistance identification and wheat disease resistance identification. The invention solves the defect that the existing wheat powdery mildew field inoculation method needs to store wheat powdery mildew strains for a long time and cannot meet the large-area and multi-variety identification. The method for providing the bacterial source comprises the following steps: and (3) sowing media wheat on the lower two sides of the walnut tree, infecting wheat powdery mildew, and continuing to culture. The method for identifying the disease resistance comprises the following steps: sowing the wheat varieties to be identified among the media wheat providing the bacteria sources, and counting the morbidity and disease index in the next year. The invention is used in the field of agricultural planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for providing a bacterial source for identifying disease resistance of wheat and identifying the disease resistance of the wheat.
Background
Wheat is a gramineous plant widely planted around the world, and caryopsis thereof can be ground into flour to prepare foods such as bread, steamed bread, biscuits, noodles and the like; wheat is a main staple food for humans, and as one of the three major grains, it is almost entirely used for human consumption.
Wheat in 2010 is the second food crop of the world in total production (6.51 hundred million tons), second only to corn (8.44 hundred million tons). China is one of the earliest countries in the world for planting wheat, Xinjiang is the main producing area of wheat in China, and the planting area is about 1800 ten thousand mu. Xinjiang wheat is spring, medium-early-maturing and sensitive to illumination; the heat resistance is good, and the drought resistance is poor; is susceptible to stripe, leaf rust, powdery mildew and loose smut.
Wheat powdery mildew is a fungal disease caused by Blumeia graminis f.sp.tritici, and is a main disease in wheat production. In recent years, the wheat powdery mildew is affected by factors such as bacterial source variation, climate, cultivation conditions and cultivation system, the harm of the wheat powdery mildew is increased, and 20-30% of yield loss is caused every year.
Planting disease-resistant varieties is the most economic, effective and environment-friendly measure for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew, so that the identification work of wheat varieties, regional test lines and high-generation lines on the disease resistance of wheat powdery mildew is developed, the disease resistance of the wheat varieties (lines) can be comprehensively and accurately evaluated, and the method has important significance for disease-resistant breeding, reasonable utilization and layout of the varieties and prevention and treatment of the wheat powdery mildew.
The life history of the wheat powdery mildew is divided into a sexual growth stage and an asexual growth stage; wherein, the wheat powdery mildew in asexual growth stage parasitizes on the surface of the host by mycelium, only extends into the epidermal cell of the host by a sucker, carries out asexual propagation through conidium, spreads to the periphery by airflow, and causes multiple re-infection. The powdery mildew incubation period is very short, only 3 days at 21-25 ℃, and re-infection is very frequent in the whole incubation period. However, since wheat powdery mildew belongs to obligate parasitic bacteria, the wheat powdery mildew can only grow and develop on living host tissues. Therefore, the current literature about the identification of disease resistance of new wheat varieties (lines) almost adopts a sweeping method to carry out wheat powdery mildew field inoculation. A sweeping and wiping method: the potted wheat seedlings which are propagated in advance and fully developed are gently shaken above the variety (line) to be identified to make the spores fall down, and then the diseased seedlings are placed between ridges to allow the diseased seedlings to naturally spread. This method has the following disadvantages: 1. the wheat powdery mildew strain needs to be preserved for a long time. At present, the wheat powdery mildew strain has 3 preservation methods, firstly, the strain is inoculated on an isolated leaf segment, placed in a water agar culture dish containing a preservative, covered and preserved for 40 days at low temperature; secondly, the strain is inoculated on the test-tube plantlet and can be stored for 40 days at low temperature; thirdly, the wheat seedlings growing in the pot are isolated by a sleeve, the strains are inoculated on the growing wheat seedlings, and the wheat seedlings can be stored for 60 days at low temperature. These methods require a lot of manpower, material resources and laboratory space. 2. If the variety (line) of the identified wheat is more (for example, thousands or more), more potted diseased wheat seedlings are needed, on one hand, the diseased wheat fields occupy a large amount of space for breeding, and on the other hand, the large-batch and long-distance transportation of inoculated fungi is inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that the existing wheat powdery mildew field inoculation method needs to store wheat powdery mildew strains for a long time and cannot meet the large-area and multi-variety identification, and provides a powdery mildew source for wheat disease resistance identification and a method for identifying the disease resistance of wheat powdery mildew.
The method for providing powdery mildew source for identifying disease resistance of wheat is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, planting walnut trees according to the plant-row spacing of 4-6 m multiplied by 8-10 m, wherein the age of the walnut trees is 8-12 years;
secondly, sowing media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 15-25 days of 5 months each year;
thirdly, watering and applying urea during the field growth period of the medium wheat, wherein the dosage of the urea is 10kg/667m2(ii) a Thus providing powdery mildew sources for the wheat variety (line) to be identified which is sowed in the same year in 10 months.
The method for identifying the disease resistance of wheat powdery mildew is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, planting walnut trees according to the plant-row spacing of 4-6 m multiplied by 8-10 m, wherein the age of the walnut trees is 8-12 years;
secondly, sowing media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 15-25 days of 5 months each year;
thirdly, watering and applying urea during the field growth period of the medium wheat, wherein the dosage of the urea is 10kg/667m2；
Fourthly, planting a wheat variety to be identified on the land between two rows of walnut trees in the same area in the same year for 10 months and 1-10 days;
and fifthly, counting the disease condition of the wheat variety to be identified in the last 5 th ten days of the next year, and determining the disease resistance of the wheat variety to be identified to powdery mildew.
The medium wheat is the wheat which is sown within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees and is a growth host of the primary wheat powdery mildew and a propagation carrier for infecting the wheat to be tested. The wheat powdery mildew propagates in the medium wheat in a large amount and is repeatedly infected to achieve full infection, and then sufficient wheat powdery mildew germs are provided for realizing full infection of the wheat variety to be tested.
The walnut trees with the age of 8-12 years under natural conditions are very suitable for primary infection, parasitism and mass propagation of wheat powdery mildew under the conditions of temperature, humidity, illumination and the like, and the incidence rate of the wheat powdery mildew reaches 100%. Conidia are subjected to asexual propagation after the disease is infected by the medium wheat under the walnut tree, and spread to the periphery by airflow to cause multiple re-infection, so that wheat powdery mildew is completely covered and erupted in the medium wheat.
The method can provide sufficient and stable powdery mildew sources for disease resistance experiments of wheat powdery mildew. The method does not need to store the wheat powdery mildew strain for a long time and transport the bacterial source to a test area, thereby saving the transport time and cost and saving the land.
In the method, the powdery mildew sources for the test in the disease resistance identification are positioned at two sides of the test area of the wheat variety to be identified, so that the powdery mildew sources do not need to be transported for a long distance during the test, sufficient fungus sources are provided, and the high activity of the powdery mildew is ensured. The method of the invention utilizes natural environment for inoculation in the process of disease resistance identification, avoids the heavy labor of artificial inoculation, can achieve the spread coverage of over 95 percent of powdery mildew source, and avoids the problem of false positive identification caused by uneven natural spread infection of wheat powdery mildew.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for providing the powdery mildew source for identifying the disease resistance of the wheat is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, planting walnut trees according to the plant-row spacing of 4-6 m multiplied by 8-10 m, wherein the age of the walnut trees is 8-12 years;
secondly, sowing media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 15-25 days of 5 months each year;
watering and applying urea during the field growth period of the media wheat, wherein the dosage of the urea is 10kg/667m2Thus providing powdery mildew sources for the wheat variety to be identified which is sowed in the same year in 10 months.
The wheat powdery mildew on the media wheat of the embodiment is naturally transmitted and infected, the wheat powdery mildew can repeatedly infect the media wheat for multiple times in the microenvironment provided by the walnut tree of the embodiment, the incidence rate of the wheat powdery mildew on the media wheat reaches 100%, and the disease index of the wheat powdery mildew can reach 60-70 by adopting non-disease-resistant wheat as the media wheat.
The walnut tree has a certain economic value, and can increase income and create income while providing a powdery mildew source. The age of the walnut tree is 8-12 years.
In the second step of the embodiment, the wheat powdery mildew does not need to be artificially inoculated after the media wheat seedlings emerge. The embodiment can also utilize the mature wheat variety to be identified as a new bacterial source to infect the media wheat of the next batch in an alternating and repeated way.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: and in the second step, the wheat powdery mildew is artificially inoculated after the media wheat seedlings emerge. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
In the second step of the embodiment, the wheat powdery mildew is inoculated by adopting a sweeping and smearing method, so that the incidence of the wheat powdery mildew can be accelerated.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: and in the second step, the variety of the medium wheat is a winter wheat high-sensitivity wheat powdery mildew variety. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one or both embodiments.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first, second, or third embodiment in that: and in the second step, the media wheat is soaked in tap water, filtered to be dry, then cultured in a room temperature environment until germination occurs, and then the germinated media wheat is sown. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first, second or third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the method for identifying the disease resistance of wheat powdery mildew of the embodiment is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, planting walnut trees according to the plant-row spacing of 4-6 m multiplied by 8-10 m, wherein the age of the walnut trees is 8-12 years;
secondly, sowing media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 15-25 days of 5 months each year;
thirdly, watering and applying urea during the field growth period of the medium wheat, wherein the dosage of the urea is 10kg/667m2；
Fourthly, sowing the wheat variety to be identified on the land between two rows of walnut trees in the same area in the same year for 1-10 days in 10 months;
and fifthly, counting the disease condition of the wheat variety to be identified in the last 5 th ten days of the next year, and determining the disease resistance of the wheat variety to be identified to powdery mildew.
In this embodiment, the wheat variety to be identified is a cultivar, a variety test material, a high-generation material, or another variety (line).
The medium wheat can be directly ploughed or self-killed after being mature.
The sixth specific implementation mode is as follows: the present embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that: and in the second step, the variety of the media wheat is winter wheat. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the fifth embodiment.
The media wheat in the embodiment is new winter No. 20.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment differs from the fifth or sixth embodiment in that: and in the second step, the media wheat is soaked in tap water, filtered to be dry, then cultured in a room temperature environment until germination occurs, and then the germinated media wheat is sown. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the fifth or sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment and the fifth or sixth embodiment is: and in the second step, the wheat powdery mildew is artificially inoculated after the seedling emergence of the medium wheat. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the fifth or sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: the method for providing the powdery mildew source for identifying the disease resistance of the wheat is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, planting walnut trees according to the plant-row spacing of 4-6 m multiplied by 8-10 m, wherein the age of the walnut trees is 8-12 years;
secondly, sowing first batch of media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 15-25 days in 5 months every year, and then sowing subsequent media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 6-9 months;
thirdly, watering and applying urea during the field growth period of the medium wheat, wherein the dosage of the urea is 10kg/667m2Thus providing powdery mildew sources for the wheat variety (line) to be identified which is sowed in the same year in 10 months.
The media wheat is sown in 5-9 months, so that powdery mildew infected on the previous batch of media wheat can be infected on the next batch of media wheat, and the high activity of wheat powdery mildew is ensured.
Embodiment ten: the method for identifying the disease resistance of wheat powdery mildew of the embodiment is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, planting walnut trees according to the plant-row spacing of 4-6 m multiplied by 8-10 m, wherein the age of the walnut trees is 8-12 years;
secondly, sowing first batch of media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 15-25 days in 5 months every year, and then sowing subsequent media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 6-9 months;
thirdly, watering and applying urea during the field growth period of the medium wheat, wherein the dosage of the urea is 10kg/667m2；
Fourthly, planting a wheat variety to be identified on the land between two rows of walnut trees in the same area in the same year for 10 months and 1-10 days;
and fifthly, counting the disease condition of the wheat variety to be identified in the last 5 th ten days of the next year, and determining the disease resistance of the wheat variety to be identified to powdery mildew.
Example 1
The method for identifying the disease resistance of wheat powdery mildew is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, planting walnut trees according to the plant-row spacing of 4-6 m multiplied by 8-10 m, wherein the age of the walnut trees is 8-12 years;
secondly, sowing media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 15-25 days of 5 months each year;
thirdly, watering and applying urea during the field growth period of the medium wheat, wherein the dosage of the urea is 10kg/667m2；
Fourthly, sowing a test wheat variety on the land between two rows of walnut trees in the same area in the same year for 1-10 days in 10 months;
fifthly, counting the disease condition of the wheat variety to be tested in the last 5 months of the next year;
soaking the medium wheat seeds in tap water, draining, culturing at room temperature until the medium wheat seeds germinate, and sowing the germinated medium wheat seeds; the media wheat is New winter No. 20; the test wheat variety is New winter No. 20. The test wheat variety needs watering and urea application during the field growth period, and the dosage of the urea is 40kg/667m2(all cultivation management is in the same field).
Example 2
The difference from the example 1 is that the wheat powdery mildew is artificially inoculated after the media wheat emerges in the step two, and other steps and parameters are the same as the example 1.
Comparative experiment 1
The difference from the example 1 is that a walnut tree is planted according to the plant row spacing of 3m multiplied by 12m, and other steps and parameters are the same as the example 1.
Comparative experiment 2
The difference from example 1 is that the age of the walnut tree at step one is 7 years, and other steps and parameters are the same as example 1.
Comparative experiment 3
The difference from the example 1 is that the second step and the third step are omitted, namely the wheat for the direct walnut wheat intercropping seeding test (without inoculation), and other steps and parameters are the same as those of the example 1.
Comparative experiment 4
New No. 20 winter wheat is used as single crop plot and is inoculated with wheat powdery mildew by adopting a sweeping and smearing method.
Examples 1 and 2 and comparative experiments 1-4 each were run as 5 replicates and the average incidence of the tested wheat varieties is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
In contrast experiment 3, the wheat powdery mildew is tested to occur in the form of spot tablets, the wheat powdery mildew is severe at the affected spots, and the wheat powdery mildew is lighter or even can not be found at the non-affected spots.
The method has the advantages of early attack time of wheat powdery mildew, large infection coverage rate, comprehensive infection and real and reliable disease resistance identification result.
Example 3
The method for identifying the disease resistance of wheat powdery mildew is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, planting walnut trees according to the plant-row spacing of 5m multiplied by 8m, wherein the ages of the walnut trees are 8-12 years;
secondly, sowing media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 15-25 days of 5 months each year;
thirdly, watering and applying urea during the field growth period of the medium wheat, wherein the dosage of the urea is 10kg/667m2；
Fourthly, sowing the wheat variety to be identified on the land between two rows of walnut trees in the same year for 1-10 days in 10 months;
fifthly, counting the disease condition of the wheat variety to be identified in the last 5 th ten days of the next year, and determining the disease resistance of the wheat variety to be identified to powdery mildew;
soaking the medium wheat seeds in tap water, draining, culturing at room temperature until the medium wheat seeds germinate, and sowing the germinated medium wheat seeds; the media wheat is New winter No. 20; the wheat variety to be identified is powdery mildew resistant wheat Nannong 9918;
watering and applying urea during the field growth period of the wheat variety to be identified, wherein the dosage of the urea is 40kg/667m2。
Example 4
The difference from the example 3 is that the wheat variety to be identified is wheat Zhongzhao No. 4 resistant to powdery mildew, and other steps and parameters are the same as those in the example 3.
Comparative experiment 5
The difference from the example 3 is that the wheat variety to be identified is powdery mildew-susceptible wheat Xindong No. 20, and other steps and parameters are the same as those in the example 3.
Control test 1
The method adopts an artificial inoculation method, and seeds of a powdery mildew resistant variety Nannong 9918 and a Miao 4 are sown in a wheat single-cropping field, and the disease resistance of the wheat single-cropping field is measured.
Control experiment 2
The method adopts an artificial inoculation method to sow the new winter No. 20 of the powdery mildew-susceptible variety in the wheat single-cropping field and determine the disease resistance of the wheat single-cropping field.
TABLE 2
The method can truly reflect the resistance of the wheat variety to be identified to the wheat powdery mildew, and simultaneously saves time and labor.
Claims (4)
1. The method for identifying the disease resistance of wheat powdery mildew is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, planting walnut trees according to the plant-row spacing of 4-6 m multiplied by 8-10 m, wherein the age of the walnut trees is 8-12 years;
secondly, sowing media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees within 15-25 days of 5 months each year;
thirdly, watering and applying urea during the field growth period of the medium wheat, wherein the dosage of the urea is 10kg/667m2；
Fourthly, sowing the wheat variety to be identified on the land between two rows of walnut trees in the same area in the same year for 1-10 days in 10 months;
fifthly, counting the disease condition of the wheat variety to be identified in the last 5 th ten days of the next year, and determining the disease resistance of the wheat variety to be identified to powdery mildew;
wherein the variety of the medium wheat in the step two is a winter wheat high-sensitivity wheat powdery mildew variety.
2. The method for providing powdery mildew sources for wheat disease resistance identification as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the media wheat is first soaked in tap water, filtered to be dry, then placed in a room temperature environment to be cultured until germination, and then the germinated media wheat is sown.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the powdery mildew is artificially inoculated after the emergence of the media wheat in the step two.
4. The method for providing powdery mildew source for wheat disease resistance identification as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by the following steps: and sowing the first batch of media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees in 15-25 days of 5 months every year, and then sowing the subsequent media wheat within 1 meter on two sides of each row of walnut trees in 6-9 months.
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