CN109133016A - A kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas absorbs acid making system and method - Google Patents
A kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas absorbs acid making system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109133016A CN109133016A CN201811138272.2A CN201811138272A CN109133016A CN 109133016 A CN109133016 A CN 109133016A CN 201811138272 A CN201811138272 A CN 201811138272A CN 109133016 A CN109133016 A CN 109133016A
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
- C01B21/38—Nitric acid
- C01B21/40—Preparation by absorption of oxides of nitrogen
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Abstract
The problem of present invention discloses a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas absorption acid making system, and conversion ratio is not high in the prior art for solution, and products obtained therefrom concentration is not high, cannot achieve direct industrial utilization.The present invention includes the first absorber, concentrated nitric acid tank, second absorber, first dust technology tank, second dust technology tank, tail gas purification tower, reaction kettle, preposition condenser, tail gas discharging pipe, flue gas delivery pipe, cure by oxygen therapy tracheae, first circulation absorption tube, first circulation pump, defeated pipe outside 45% nitric acid, flue gas two-stage conveying pipe, second circulation absorption tube, second circulation pump, third cyclic absorption pipe, third circulating pump, nitrogen oxide containing gas feeds back pipe, exhaust pipe, the outer comb of tail gas, pure water delivery pipe and dust technology liquid delivery pipe.The present invention is absorbed using three-stage, is aided with hyperoxia air, by the nitrogen oxides basic absorption in nitrogen oxide containing gas and can be converted to high concentration nitric acid, nitric acid high conversion efficiency, meanwhile, the tail gas of discharge meets outlet standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nitrogen oxides tail gas disposal technique fields, and in particular to a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas absorption
Acid making system and method.
Background technique
Nitrous oxides exhaust gas is a kind of tobacco that toxicity is very big, without administering through smoke stack emission into atmosphere, forms touching
Purpose brown color smog, is commonly called as " Huanglong ", and NOx difficulty is maximum in numerous waste gas pollution control and treatments, is the arch-criminal for polluting atmosphere.If
It is not only very harmful to the health of operator and plant environment less than effective control, but also flutter with the wind diffusion couple periphery
Resident living and ecological environment cause public hazards.
According to the difference of catharsis principle, catalytic reduction method, absorption and suction can be divided into the improvement of nitrous oxides exhaust gas
Receive three classes:
1, catalytic reduction method, under the conditions of main function principle is existing for high temperature, the catalyst, also by the NOx in exhaust gas
Original since reaction temperature is higher, while needing catalyst at free of contamination N2, and equipment investment is larger, and operating cost is larger.
2, absorption method, mainly using the NOx in absorbing material, adsorbent absorption exhaust gas, since adsorption capacity is small, therefore should
Method is only applicable to that NOx concentration is low, narrow-minded exhaust-gas treatment.
3, absorption process absorbs the oxynitrides in exhaust gas with the aqueous solution of water or acid, alkali, salt, keeps exhaust gas net
Change.The method low equipment investment, operating cost are lower.Especially with aqueous solution absorbing NOx, nitric acid can be generated, it can be into one
Step utilizes.But it is this that there are conversion ratios is not high, products obtained therefrom concentration is not high, the problem of cannot achieve direct industrial utilization.
Therefore it provides a kind of nitrogen oxide containing gas absorbs acid making system, structure is simple, easy to operate, can obtain high concentration
Using nitric acid, and high conversion rate becomes those skilled in the art's urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas absorption acid making system, solve
The problem of conversion ratio is not high in the prior art, and products obtained therefrom concentration is not high, cannot achieve direct industrial utilization.
The present invention also provides the acid preparing methods that a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas absorbs acid making system.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas of the invention absorbs acid making system, including top sets air inlet, top set into
First absorber of liquid mouth, bottom sets liquid outlet, top sets the concentrated nitric acid tank of the outer outlet of nitrogen oxide containing gas, and top sets air inlet
The second absorber of mouth is fed back with nitrogen oxide containing gas, top sets inlet, bottom sets the first dust technology tank of liquid outlet, top
If inlet, bottom set the second dust technology tank of liquid outlet, top sets inlet, middle part sets air inlet, bottom sets liquid outlet
Tail gas purification tower, at least one can produce the reaction kettle of nitrogen oxide containing gas, and be connected with circulating water supply pipe and circulating backwater
The preposition condenser of pipe；
All reaction kettles pass through tail gas discharging pipe and connect with the air inlet of preposition condenser, the gas outlet of preposition condenser
And first absorber air inlet between be connected with flue gas delivery pipe, flue gas delivery pipe from preposition condenser for that will cool down
Nitrogen oxide containing gas be delivered in the first absorber, and be also connected in flue gas delivery pipe for for drum in flue gas delivery pipe
Enter the oxygen therapy tracheae of oxygen-enriched air；
It is connected with first circulation absorption tube between the liquid outlet of concentrated nitric acid pot bottom and the inlet on the first absorber top,
First circulation absorption tube for the solution in concentrated nitric acid tank is conveyed into the first absorber and make its in the first absorber
Nitrogen oxide containing gas reaction, the first absorber are mounted on the top of concentrated nitric acid tank and are connected to concentrated nitric acid tank to absorb first
Solution and unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas in device after reaction are delivered in concentrated nitric acid tank, and first circulation absorption tube is equipped with the
One circulating pump, the bottom of concentrated nitric acid tank are connected with defeated pipe outside 45% nitric acid；
Flue gas two-stage conveying pipe, cigarette are connected between the outer outlet of nitrogen oxide containing gas and the air inlet of the second absorber overhead
Gas two-stage conveying pipe is for the nitrogen oxide containing gas in concentrated nitric acid tank to be delivered in the second absorber, the top of the second absorber
If there are two inlets, it is connected between the liquid outlet of the first dust technology pot bottom and an inlet on the second absorber top
Second circulation absorption tube, second circulation absorption tube is for the liquid in the first dust technology tank to be delivered in the second absorber and make
It is reacted with the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the second absorber, and second circulation absorption tube is pumped equipped with second circulation, the second dust technology
Third cyclic absorption pipe, third circulation are connected between the liquid outlet of pot bottom and another inlet on the second absorber top
Liquid in second dust technology tank for being delivered in the second absorber and making itself and the nitrogen oxygen in the second absorber by absorption tube
Compound smoke reaction, third cyclic absorption pipe are equipped with third circulating pump；
The lower part of second absorber is set there are two liquid outlet, the inlet of one liquid outlet and the first dust technology tank top
Pipeline connection, another liquid outlet are connect with the inlet pipeline of the second dust technology tank top, and being used for will be in the second absorber
Solution and unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas after reaction are delivered to respectively in the first dust technology tank and the second dust technology tank；Second
The top of dust technology tank is equipped with flue gas and feeds back mouth, the nitrogen oxide containing gas that flue gas feeds back mouth and the second absorber overhead feed back mouth it
Between be connected with nitrogen oxide containing gas feed back pipe；
The top of first dust technology tank is equipped with the outer outlet of tail gas, the air inlet in the middle part of the outer outlet of tail gas and tail gas purification tower it
Between be connected with exhaust pipe, the top of tail gas purification tower is connected with the outer comb of tail gas, and the inlet of tail gas clean-up top of tower connects
It is connected to pure water delivery pipe, the free end of pure water delivery pipe is connect for inputting pure water, tail for tail gas purification tower is interior with pure water source
Dust technology liquid delivery pipe is connected between the liquid outlet of gas purification tower bottom and the inlet of the first dust technology tank top.
Further, to be connected with first defeated being located between second circulation pump and the second absorber on second circulation absorption tube
Liquid pipe, the free end of the first perfusion tube are connect for conveying dust technology liquid, third for concentrated nitric acid tank is interior with the top of concentrated nitric acid tank
The 4th perfusion tube, the freedom of the 4th perfusion tube are being connected between third circulating pump and the second absorber on cyclic absorption pipe
End is connect for conveying dust technology liquid for concentrated nitric acid tank is interior with the top of concentrated nitric acid tank.
Further, the internal upper part of concentrated nitric acid tank is equipped with packing layer and spray tube, and spray tube is located at the surface of packing layer,
Spray tube is connect with the first perfusion tube and the 4th perfusion tube respectively.
Further, it is also equipped with venturi at the top of concentrated nitric acid tank, is equipped with venturi connecting tube, literary mound in concentrated nitric acid tank
In the bottom nozzle of connecting tube be located at the lower section of packing layer；The top of second dust technology tank is recycled equipped with nitrogen oxide containing gas
Mouthful, nitrogen oxide containing gas circulation conveying pipe, nitrogen oxide containing gas are connected between nitrogen oxide containing gas loop exit and venturi
For the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the second dust technology tank to be delivered in venturi, the bottom of concentrated nitric acid tank is equipped with circulation conveying pipe
Venturi infusion port is connected with the 4th cyclic absorption pipe, the 4th cyclic absorption between venturi infusion port and the top of venturi
Pipe reacts it with the nitrogen oxide containing gas in venturi for the solution in concentrated nitric acid tank to be delivered in venturi, and the 4th follows
Ring absorption tube is equipped with the 4th circulating pump, and defeated pipe is connected on the 4th cyclic absorption pipe and is located at the 4th circulating pump outside 45% nitric acid
Between venturi.
Further, it is being located between second circulation pump and the second absorber on second circulation absorption tube through pipeline difference
Be connected with the second perfusion tube and third perfusion tube, the free end of the second perfusion tube connect with the top of the second dust technology tank for for
Dust technology liquid is conveyed in second dust technology tank, the free end of third perfusion tube and the top connection of tail gas purification tower are for being tail gas
Dust technology liquid is conveyed in purifying column.
Further, oxygen therapy tracheae is equipped with the first roots blower, is being located at preposition condenser and defeated in flue gas delivery pipe
The second roots blower is equipped between oxygen hose.
Further, the bottom of preposition condenser is equipped with condensation-water drain, and the top of the first dust technology tank is equipped with condensed water
Import is connected with condensed water delivery pipe between condensation-water drain and condensation water inlet, condensation is also connected in condensed water delivery pipe
The outer comb of water.
Further, sampling is being connected between first circulation pump and the first absorber on first circulation absorption tube
Pipe.
It further, further include cooling by wind, cooling by wind passes through circulating water pipe and the first absorber respectively
With the second absorber, it is used to freeze for the first absorber and the second absorber.
A kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas of the present invention absorbs the acid preparation method of acid making system, including following step
It is rapid:
Step (1), premixing；
Reaction kettle produces generated nitrogen oxide containing gas under the action of the second roots blower by preposition condenser
Cooling to come flue gas delivery pipe, oxygen therapy tracheae conveys oxygen-enriched air under the action of the first roots blower in flue gas delivery pipe,
Oxygen-enriched air and nitrogen oxide containing gas are mixed in flue gas delivery pipe, while the O in the NO and oxygen-enriched air in nitrogen oxide containing gas2
Combination reaction occurs and produces NO2, specific reaction equation is 2NO+O2=2NO2；
Step (2), one section of absorption；
Mixed nitrogen oxide containing gas enters in the first absorber by flue gas delivery pipe, while the nitre in concentrated nitric acid tank
Acid solution is come in the first absorber under the action of first circulation pumps by first circulation absorption tube, nitrogen oxygen in the first absorber
NO in compound flue gas2With the H in nitric acid solution2Combination reaction occurs for O, and specific reaction equation is 3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+ NO+Q,
Wherein Q be heat, generated heat by cooling by wind heat exchange refrigeration takes away, the nitric acid solution in the first absorber and
Unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas enters concentrated nitric acid tank together, and the nitric acid solution in concentrated nitric acid tank is followed by first circulation absorption tube
Circulation is dynamic to be reacted with the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the first absorber repeatedly, until the concentration of nitric acid solution passes through after reaching 45%
By defeated outside defeated pipe outside 45% nitric acid；
Step (3), two sections of absorptions；
Unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas comes the second absorber by flue gas two-stage conveying pipe in concentrated nitric acid tank, and first is dilute
Dilute nitric acid solution in nitric acid tank comes the second absorber by second circulation absorption tube under the action of second circulation pumps, and second
Dilute nitric acid solution in dust technology tank comes the second absorber by third cyclic absorption pipe under the action of third circulating pump, the
NO in two absorbers in nitrogen oxide containing gas2With the H in dilute nitric acid solution2Combination reaction occurs for O, and specific reaction equation is 3NO2+
H2O=2HNO3+ NO+Q, wherein Q is heat, and generated heat is taken away by cooling by wind heat exchange refrigeration, and second absorbs
Dilute nitric acid solution and unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas in device enter the first dust technology tank and the second dust technology tank, wherein into
The nitrogen oxide containing gas entered in the second dust technology tank is recycled into participation in the second absorber by nitrogen oxide containing gas feedback pipe
Reaction；
Step (4), three sections of absorptions；
Tail gas purification tower, pure water conveying are come by exhaust pipe into the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the first dust technology tank
Pipe constantly conveys pure water or desalted water for tail gas purification tower, in the pure water or desalted water and nitrogen oxide containing gas in tail gas purification tower
Thin NO2Last time combination reaction is carried out, specific reaction equation is 3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+ NO+Q, tail gas after reaction from
The outer comb of tail gas is discharged into atmosphere, and the dilute nitric acid solution after reaction enters in the first dust technology tank by dust technology liquid delivery pipe is
First dust technology tank make-up solution；
Wherein, in the step (2), the step (3) and the step (4), combination reaction institute that when absorption occurs
The NO of generation can continue and the O in nitrogen oxide containing gas2Combination reaction occurs and generates NO2。
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
Three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas of the present invention absorbs acid making system, and structure is simple, design is scientific and reasonable, operation room just,
It is absorbed using three-stage, is aided with hyperoxia air, by the nitrogen oxides basic absorption in nitrogen oxide containing gas and can be converted to highly concentrated
Degree nitric acid, nitric acid high conversion efficiency, meanwhile, the tail gas of discharge meets outlet standard.
It is micro- that nitrogen oxide containing gas of the present invention by the roots blower of a frequency control automatically controls nitrogen oxide containing gas general pipeline
Negative pressure separately has air of the roots blower of frequency control to system allocation ratio, with the residual oxygen on-line measurement number in cleaning of off-gas
According to fine tuning.Nitrogen oxide containing gas is after preposition condenser cools, into the second roots blower, into pipeline reactor and
Sufficient oxygen is in the duct after fully reacting in the air of one roots blower allocation ratio, be inhaled into the first absorber first with
Pressure (hydraulic) water mass-and heat-transfer, it is totally-enclosed soluble in water to greatest extent under tiny structure；Residual gas is inhaled into the second suction through oxidation
It receives again with pressure (hydraulic) water mass-and heat-transfer in device, it is totally-enclosed soluble in water to greatest extent under tiny structure；A small amount of gas is through ejector
Complete oxidation, while the partial pressure in NO2 and other mixed gas can be enhanced to the maximum extent, accelerate NO2 and enters the biography in water
Rate is passed, NO2 is enable quickly fully to be absorbed by aqueous solution；Remaining NO2 enters fully absorbing for quilt in tail gas purification tower.Its
In have a small amount of incoagulable gas entrainment NO2Gas, part NO2Gas is in tail gas purification tower by the interior water uniformly supplemented by system
Heel row is purified to atmosphere.
The present invention uses the reverse absorption cleaning of three-level absorption plant, forms concentration difference mode absorbent, it is net can to effectively improve rear class
Change degree；Cooling using cold water, room temperature cooling water, cooling efficiency is high；It is purified using Gradient Absorption, liquid automatic controls at different levels, nitrogen
Oxide flue gas and adapted air are finally fine-tuned by tail gas residual oxygen fine tuning by variable frequency adjustment distribution, absorption cleaning is high-efficient,
Effect is good, and outlet tail gas meets tail gas outlet standard；Final products concentration of nitric acid of the present invention can >=45%, can directly be answered for industry
With.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of acid making system of the present invention.
Wherein, the corresponding title of appended drawing reference are as follows:
The preposition condenser of 1- reaction kettle, 2-, the first absorber of 3-, 4- concentrated nitric acid tank, the second absorber of 5-, the dilute nitre of 6- first
Sour tank, the second dust technology of 7- tank, 8- tail gas purification tower, 9- cooling by wind, 10- flue gas delivery pipe, 11- cure by oxygen therapy tracheae, 12-
First circulation absorption tube, 13- first circulation pump, defeated pipe, 15- flue gas two-stage conveying pipe, 16- second circulation outside 14-45% nitric acid
Absorption tube, 17- third cyclic absorption pipe, 18- nitrogen oxide containing gas feed back pipe, 19- exhaust pipe, 20- tail gas outside comb,
21- pure water delivery pipe, 22- dust technology liquid delivery pipe, 23- second circulation pump, 24- third circulating pump, the first perfusion tube of 25-, 26-
Second perfusion tube, 27- third perfusion tube, the 4th perfusion tube of 28-, 29- packing layer, 30- spray tube, 31- venturi, 32- text mound
In connecting tube, 33- nitrogen oxide containing gas circulation conveying pipe, the 4th cyclic absorption pipe of 34-, the 4th circulating pump of 35-, first sieve of 36-
Thatch blower, the second roots blower of 37-, 38- condensed water delivery pipe, 39- condensed water outer comb, 40- probe tube.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment for explanation with reference to the accompanying drawing, and mode of the invention includes but not only limits
In following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 1, acid making system is absorbed the present invention provides a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas, structure is simple,
Design is scientific and reasonable, and operation room just, is absorbed using three-stage, is aided with hyperoxia air, can be by the nitrogen oxidation in nitrogen oxide containing gas
Object basic absorption is simultaneously converted to high concentration nitric acid, nitric acid high conversion efficiency, meanwhile, the tail gas of discharge meets outlet standard.This hair
It is bright set air inlet including top, top sets the first absorber 3 of inlet, bottom sets liquid outlet, top sets nitrogen oxide containing gas
The concentrated nitric acid tank 4 of outer outlet, top set the second absorber 5 that air inlet and nitrogen oxide containing gas feed back mouth, top set inlet,
Bottom sets the first dust technology tank 6 of liquid outlet, and top sets inlet, bottom sets the second dust technology tank 7 of liquid outlet, top set into
Liquid mouth, middle part set air inlet, bottom sets the tail gas purification tower 8 of liquid outlet, at least one can produce the reaction of nitrogen oxide containing gas
Kettle 1, and it is connected with the preposition condenser 2 of circulating water supply pipe and recirculation return pipe.
All reaction kettles 1 of the present invention are connect by tail gas discharging pipe with the air inlet of preposition condenser 2, preposition cold
Flue gas delivery pipe 10 is connected between the gas outlet of condenser 2 and the air inlet of the first absorber 3, the flue gas delivery pipe 10 is used for
The nitrogen oxide containing gas cooled down from the preposition condenser 2 is delivered in first absorber 3, and the flue gas
It is also connected in delivery pipe 10 for the oxygen therapy tracheae 11 to blast oxygen-enriched air in the flue gas delivery pipe 10.
First is connected between the inlet on 3 top of liquid outlet and the first absorber of 4 bottom of concentrated nitric acid tank of the present invention to follow
Ring absorption tube 12, the first circulation absorption tube 12, which is used to for the solution in the concentrated nitric acid tank 4 to be conveyed into described first, to be absorbed
In device 3 and react it with the nitrogen oxide containing gas in first absorber 3, first absorber 3 is mounted on described dense
The top of nitric acid tank 4 and with the concentrated nitric acid tank 4 connection to by solution and unreacted nitrogen after being reacted in the first absorber 3
Oxide flue gas is delivered in the concentrated nitric acid tank 4, and the first circulation absorption tube 12 is equipped with first circulation pump 13, described dense
The bottom of nitric acid tank 4 is connected with defeated pipe 14 outside 45% nitric acid.
Flue gas two is connected between the air inlet at 5 top of the outer outlet of nitrogen oxide containing gas of the present invention and the second absorber
Grade delivery pipe 15, the flue gas two-stage conveying pipe 15 are used to for the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the concentrated nitric acid tank 4 being delivered to described
In second absorber 5, the top of second absorber 5 is set there are two inlet, the liquid outlet of 6 bottom of the first dust technology tank with
Second circulation absorption tube 16 is connected between one inlet on 5 top of the second absorber, the second circulation absorption tube 16 is used
In the liquid in the first dust technology tank 6 is delivered in second absorber 5 and make its in second absorber 5
Nitrogen oxide containing gas reaction, the second circulation absorption tube 16 be equipped with second circulation pump 23,7 bottom of the second dust technology tank
Third cyclic absorption pipe 17, the third circulation are connected between another inlet on 5 top of liquid outlet and the second absorber
Liquid in the second dust technology tank 7 for being delivered in second absorber 5 and being made itself and described the by absorption tube 17
Nitrogen oxide containing gas reaction in two absorbers 5, the third cyclic absorption pipe 17 are equipped with third circulating pump 24.
The lower part of second absorber 5 of the present invention is set there are two liquid outlet, one liquid outlet and the first dust technology tank 6
The inlet pipeline at top connects, another liquid outlet is connect with the inlet pipeline at 7 top of the second dust technology tank, and being used for will
Solution and unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas in second absorber 5 after reaction are delivered to the first dust technology tank respectively
6 and the second dust technology tank 7 in；The top of the second dust technology tank 7 is equipped with flue gas and feeds back mouth, the flue gas feed back mouth and
The nitrogen oxide containing gas at 5 top of the second absorber, which is fed back, is connected with nitrogen oxide containing gas feedback pipe 18 between mouth.
The top of first dust technology tank 6 of the present invention is equipped with the outer outlet of tail gas, the outer outlet of the tail gas and tail gas clean-up
Exhaust pipe 19 is connected between the air inlet at 8 middle part of tower, the top of the tail gas purification tower 8 is connected with the outer comb of tail gas
20, the inlet at 8 top of tail gas purification tower is connected with pure water delivery pipe 21, the free end of the pure water delivery pipe 21 and pure water water
Source connection is for inputting pure water, the liquid outlet of 8 bottom of tail gas purification tower and the first dust technology tank 6 for the tail gas purification tower 8 is interior
Dust technology liquid delivery pipe 22 is connected between the inlet at top.
The present invention improves product HNO to improve3Concentration, be located at described the on the second circulation absorption tube 16
Be connected with the first perfusion tube 25 between two circulating pumps 23 and second absorber 5, the free end of first perfusion tube 25 with
The top connection of the concentrated nitric acid tank 4 is for conveying dust technology liquid, the third cyclic absorption pipe 17 for the concentrated nitric acid tank 4 is interior
On be connected with the 4th perfusion tube 28 between the third circulating pump 24 and second absorber 5, the 4th infusion
The free end of pipe 28 is connect for conveying dust technology liquid for the concentrated nitric acid tank 4 is interior with the top of the concentrated nitric acid tank 4.
The present invention is in order to make the dilute nitre being delivered in concentrated nitric acid tank 4 by the first dust technology tank 6 and the second dust technology tank 7
Acid is sufficiently reacted with the nitrogen oxides in flue gas, and the internal upper part of the concentrated nitric acid tank 4 is equipped with packing layer 29 and spray tube 30, described
Spray tube 30 is located at the surface of described filler layer 29, the spray tube 30 respectively with first perfusion tube 25 and the described 4th
Perfusion tube 28 connects.
For the present invention in order to guarantee the abundant reaction of nitrogen oxides in effluent, the top of the concentrated nitric acid tank 4 is also equipped with text
31 in mound, venturi connecting tube 32 is equipped in the concentrated nitric acid tank 4, the bottom nozzle of the venturi connecting tube 32 is located at described
The lower section of packing layer 29；The top of the second dust technology tank 7 is equipped with nitrogen oxide containing gas loop exit, the nitrogen oxides cigarette
Nitrogen oxide containing gas circulation conveying pipe 33 is connected between gas loop exit and the venturi 31, the nitrogen oxide containing gas follows
Ring delivery pipe 33 is described dense for the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the second dust technology tank 7 to be delivered in the venturi 31
The bottom of nitric acid tank 4 is equipped with venturi infusion port, is connected between the venturi infusion port and the top of the venturi 31
4th cyclic absorption pipe 34, the 4th cyclic absorption pipe 34 are used to the solution in the concentrated nitric acid tank 4 being delivered to the text
React it with the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the venturi 31, the 4th cyclic absorption pipe 34 is equipped with the 4th
Circulating pump 35, defeated pipe 14 is connected on the 4th cyclic absorption pipe 34 and is located at the 4th circulating pump outside 45% nitric acid
Between 35 and the venturi 31.
The present invention is being located at described the on the second circulation absorption tube 16 to make full use of the dust technology liquid in system
Second perfusion tube 26 and third perfusion tube 27 are connected separately with by pipeline between two circulating pumps 23 and second absorber 5,
The free end of second perfusion tube 26 is connect for being the second dust technology tank 7 with the top of the second dust technology tank 7
Interior conveying dust technology liquid, the free end of the third perfusion tube 27 are connect for being described with the top of the tail gas purification tower 8
Dust technology liquid is conveyed in tail gas purification tower 8.When not having dust technology liquid in the second dust technology tank 7, the first dust technology tank 6 is through second
Perfusion tube 26 is to convey dust technology liquid in the second dust technology tank 7；When there is no dust technology liquid in tail gas purification tower 8, first dilute nitre
Sour tank 6 conveys dust technology liquid into tail gas purification tower 8 through third perfusion tube 27.
The present invention is in order to control gas flow, and the oxygen therapy tracheae 11 is equipped with the first roots blower 36, and the flue gas is defeated
It send and is being equipped with the second roots blower 37 between the preposition condenser 2 and the oxygen therapy tracheae 11 on pipe 10.
The bottom of preposition condenser 2 of the present invention is equipped with condensation-water drain, and the top of the first dust technology tank 6 is equipped with
Water inlet is condensed, is connected with condensed water delivery pipe 38, the condensed water between the condensation-water drain and the condensation water inlet
The outer comb 39 of condensed water is also connected in delivery pipe 38.
The present invention pumps 13 Hes being located at the first circulation on the first circulation absorption tube 12 for the ease of process control
Probe tube 40 is connected between first absorber 3.
The present invention promotes absorption of the aqueous solution to nitrogen oxides, further includes wind-cooled cold-water machine to reduce the temperature of system
Group 9, the cooling by wind 9 by circulating water pipe and first absorber 3 and second absorber 5, are used for respectively
Freeze for first absorber 3 and second absorber 5.
It is micro- that nitrogen oxide containing gas of the present invention by the roots blower of a frequency control automatically controls nitrogen oxide containing gas general pipeline
Negative pressure separately has air of the roots blower of frequency control to system allocation ratio, with the residual oxygen on-line measurement number in cleaning of off-gas
According to fine tuning.Nitrogen oxide containing gas is after preposition condenser cools, into the second roots blower, into pipeline reactor and
Sufficient oxygen is in the duct after fully reacting in the air of one roots blower allocation ratio, be inhaled into the first absorber first with
Pressure (hydraulic) water mass-and heat-transfer, it is totally-enclosed soluble in water to greatest extent under tiny structure；Residual gas is inhaled into the second suction through oxidation
It receives again with pressure (hydraulic) water mass-and heat-transfer in device, it is totally-enclosed soluble in water to greatest extent under tiny structure；A small amount of gas is through ejector
Complete oxidation, while the partial pressure in NO2 and other mixed gas can be enhanced to the maximum extent, accelerate NO2 and enters the biography in water
Rate is passed, NO2 is enable quickly fully to be absorbed by aqueous solution；Remaining NO2 enters fully absorbing for quilt in tail gas purification tower.Its
In have a small amount of incoagulable gas entrainment NO2Gas, part NO2Gas is in tail gas purification tower by the interior water uniformly supplemented by system
Heel row is purified to atmosphere.
The present invention uses the reverse absorption cleaning of three-level absorption plant, forms concentration difference mode absorbent, it is net can to effectively improve rear class
Change degree；Cooling using cold water, room temperature cooling water, cooling efficiency is high；It is purified using Gradient Absorption, liquid automatic controls at different levels, nitrogen
Oxide flue gas and adapted air are finally fine-tuned by tail gas residual oxygen fine tuning by variable frequency adjustment distribution, absorption cleaning is high-efficient,
Effect is good, and outlet tail gas meets tail gas outlet standard；Final products concentration of nitric acid of the present invention can >=45%, can directly be answered for industry
With.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment discloses the acid preparing methods that a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas absorbs acid making system, including following step
It is rapid:
Step (1), premixing；
Reaction kettle produces generated nitrogen oxide containing gas under the action of the second roots blower by preposition condenser
Cooling to come flue gas delivery pipe, oxygen therapy tracheae conveys oxygen-enriched air under the action of the first roots blower in flue gas delivery pipe,
Oxygen-enriched air and nitrogen oxide containing gas are mixed in flue gas delivery pipe, while the O in the NO and oxygen-enriched air in nitrogen oxide containing gas2
Combination reaction occurs and produces NO2, specific reaction equation is 2NO+O2=2NO2；
Step (2), one section of absorption；
Mixed nitrogen oxide containing gas enters in the first absorber by flue gas delivery pipe, while the nitre in concentrated nitric acid tank
Acid solution is come in the first absorber under the action of first circulation pumps by first circulation absorption tube, nitrogen oxygen in the first absorber
NO in compound flue gas2With the H in nitric acid solution2Combination reaction occurs for O, and specific reaction equation is 3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+ NO+Q,
Wherein Q be heat, generated heat by cooling by wind heat exchange refrigeration takes away, the nitric acid solution in the first absorber and
Unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas enters concentrated nitric acid tank together, and the nitric acid solution in concentrated nitric acid tank is followed by first circulation absorption tube
Circulation is dynamic to be reacted with the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the first absorber repeatedly, until the concentration of nitric acid solution passes through after reaching 45%
By defeated outside defeated pipe outside 45% nitric acid；
Step (3), two sections of absorptions；
Unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas comes the second absorber by flue gas two-stage conveying pipe in concentrated nitric acid tank, and first is dilute
Dilute nitric acid solution in nitric acid tank comes the second absorber by second circulation absorption tube under the action of second circulation pumps, and second
Dilute nitric acid solution in dust technology tank comes the second absorber by third cyclic absorption pipe under the action of third circulating pump, the
NO in two absorbers in nitrogen oxide containing gas2With the H in dilute nitric acid solution2Combination reaction occurs for O, and specific reaction equation is 3NO2+
H2O=2HNO3+ NO+Q, wherein Q is heat, and generated heat is taken away by cooling by wind heat exchange refrigeration, and second absorbs
Dilute nitric acid solution and unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas in device enter the first dust technology tank and the second dust technology tank, wherein into
The nitrogen oxide containing gas entered in the second dust technology tank is recycled into participation in the second absorber by nitrogen oxide containing gas feedback pipe
Reaction；
Step (4), three sections of absorptions；
Tail gas purification tower, pure water conveying are come by exhaust pipe into the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the first dust technology tank
Pipe constantly conveys pure water or desalted water for tail gas purification tower, in the pure water or desalted water and nitrogen oxide containing gas in tail gas purification tower
Thin NO2Last time combination reaction is carried out, specific reaction equation is 3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+ NO+Q, tail gas after reaction from
The outer comb of tail gas is discharged into atmosphere, and the dilute nitric acid solution after reaction enters in the first dust technology tank by dust technology liquid delivery pipe is
First dust technology tank make-up solution；
Wherein, in the step (2), the step (3) and the step (4), combination reaction institute that when absorption occurs
The NO of generation can continue and the O in nitrogen oxide containing gas2Combination reaction occurs and generates NO2。
By the above acid preparation method, three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas of the present invention can be made to absorb the smooth efficient fortune of acid making system
Row, while can use nitrogen oxide containing gas and producing concentration >=45% and can be directly for the finished product nitric acid of industrial application.
Each equipment of the present invention links up compact, and operation is smooth, and absorption cleaning is high-efficient, effect is good, reaction sufficiently, nitrogen oxides
Utilization rate is high, and tail gas outlet meets atmospheric emission standard, suitable for wideling popularize application in the art.
Above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should not be taken to limit protection model of the invention
It encloses, as long as that in body design thought of the invention and mentally makes has no the change of essential meaning or polishing, is solved
The technical issues of it is still consistent with the present invention, should all be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas absorbs acid making system, which is characterized in that set air inlet including top, top set into
The first absorber (3) of liquid mouth, bottom sets liquid outlet, top sets the concentrated nitric acid tank (4) of the outer outlet of nitrogen oxide containing gas, and top is set
Air inlet and nitrogen oxide containing gas feed back the second absorber (5) of mouth, and top sets inlet, bottom sets first dilute nitre of liquid outlet
Sour tank (6), top sets inlet, bottom sets the second dust technology tank (7) of liquid outlet, top sets inlet, middle part sets air inlet,
Bottom sets the tail gas purification tower (8) of liquid outlet, at least one can produce the reaction kettle (1) of nitrogen oxide containing gas, and be connected with
The preposition condenser (2) of circulating water supply pipe and recirculation return pipe；
All reaction kettles (1) are connect by tail gas discharging pipe with the air inlet of preposition condenser (2), preposition condenser
(2) it is connected with flue gas delivery pipe (10) between the air inlet of gas outlet and the first absorber (3), the flue gas delivery pipe (10)
For the nitrogen oxide containing gas cooled down at the preposition condenser (2) to be delivered in first absorber (3), and
It is also connected on the flue gas delivery pipe (10) for the oxygen therapy tracheae to blast oxygen-enriched air in the flue gas delivery pipe (10)
(11)；
First circulation absorption is connected between the liquid outlet of concentrated nitric acid tank (4) bottom and the inlet on the first absorber (3) top
It manages (12), the first circulation absorption tube (12), which is used to for the solution in the concentrated nitric acid tank (4) to be conveyed into described first, to be absorbed
In device (3) and react it with the nitrogen oxide containing gas in first absorber (3), first absorber (3) is mounted on
The top of the concentrated nitric acid tank (4) and with the concentrated nitric acid tank (4) connection to by the solution after reacting in the first absorber (3)
It is delivered in the concentrated nitric acid tank (4) with unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas, the first circulation absorption tube (12) is equipped with the
One circulating pump (13), the bottom of the concentrated nitric acid tank (4) are connected with defeated pipe (14) outside 45% nitric acid；
Flue gas two-stage conveying pipe is connected between air inlet at the top of the outer outlet of the nitrogen oxide containing gas and the second absorber (5)
(15), the flue gas two-stage conveying pipe (15) is used to for the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the concentrated nitric acid tank (4) to be delivered to described the
In two absorbers (5), the top of second absorber (5) is set there are two inlet, and first dust technology tank (6) bottom goes out liquid
It is connected with second circulation absorption tube (16) between mouth and an inlet on the second absorber (5) top, the second circulation is inhaled
Closed tube (16) is used to for the liquid in the first dust technology tank (6) being delivered in second absorber (5) and makes itself and institute
The nitrogen oxide containing gas reaction in the second absorber (5) is stated, the second circulation absorption tube (16) pumps equipped with second circulation
(23), is connected between the liquid outlet of second dust technology tank (7) bottom and another inlet on the second absorber (5) top
Three cyclic absorption pipes (17), the third cyclic absorption pipe (17) are used to convey the liquid in the second dust technology tank (7)
In to second absorber (5) and react it with the nitrogen oxide containing gas in second absorber (5), the third is followed
Ring absorption tube (17) is equipped with third circulating pump (24)；
The lower part of second absorber (5) is set there are two liquid outlet, at the top of one liquid outlet and the first dust technology tank (6)
The connection of inlet pipeline, another liquid outlet are connect with the inlet pipeline at the top of the second dust technology tank (7), and being used for will be described
Solution and unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas in second absorber (5) after reaction are delivered to the first dust technology tank respectively
(6) and in the second dust technology tank (7)；The top of the second dust technology tank (7) is equipped with flue gas and feeds back mouth, and the flue gas returns
Nitrogen oxide containing gas at the top of outlet and the second absorber (5), which is fed back, is connected with nitrogen oxide containing gas feedback pipe (18) between mouth；
The top of the first dust technology tank (6) is equipped with the outer outlet of tail gas, the outer outlet of the tail gas and tail gas purification tower (8) middle part
Air inlet between be connected with exhaust pipe (19), the top of the tail gas purification tower (8) is connected with the outer comb (20) of tail gas,
Inlet at the top of tail gas purification tower (8) is connected with pure water delivery pipe (21), the free end of the pure water delivery pipe (21) with it is pure
The connection of water water source is for input pure water in the tail gas purification tower (8), the liquid outlet of tail gas purification tower (8) bottom and first dilute
Dust technology liquid delivery pipe (22) is connected between inlet at the top of nitric acid tank (6).
2. a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas according to claim 1 absorbs acid making system, which is characterized in that described the
To be connected with first defeated being located between second circulation pump (23) and second absorber (5) on two cyclic absorption pipes (16)
Liquid pipe (25), the free end of first perfusion tube (25) are connect for being the dense nitre with the top of the concentrated nitric acid tank (4)
It conveys dust technology liquid in sour tank (4), is being located at the third circulating pump (24) and described on the third cyclic absorption pipe (17)
The 4th perfusion tube (28), the free end of the 4th perfusion tube (28) and the concentrated nitric acid are connected between second absorber (5)
The top connection of tank (4) is for conveying dust technology liquid for the concentrated nitric acid tank (4) is interior.
3. a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas according to claim 2 absorbs acid making system, which is characterized in that described dense
The internal upper part of nitric acid tank (4) is equipped with packing layer (29) and spray tube (30), and the spray tube (30) is located at described filler layer (29)
Surface, the spray tube (30) connect with first perfusion tube (25) and the 4th perfusion tube (28) respectively.
4. a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas according to claim 3 absorbs acid making system, which is characterized in that described dense
It is also equipped at the top of nitric acid tank (4) venturi (31), is equipped with venturi connecting tube (32) in the concentrated nitric acid tank (4), it is described
The bottom nozzle of venturi connecting tube (32) is located at the lower section of described filler layer (29)；The top of the second dust technology tank (7)
Equipped with nitrogen oxide containing gas loop exit, nitrogen is connected between the nitrogen oxide containing gas loop exit and the venturi (31)
Oxide flue gas recirculation delivery pipe (33), the nitrogen oxide containing gas circulation conveying pipe (33) are used for the second dust technology tank
(7) nitrogen oxide containing gas in is delivered in the venturi (31), and the bottom of the concentrated nitric acid tank (4) is infused equipped with venturi
Mouthful, it is connected with the 4th cyclic absorption pipe (34) between the venturi infusion port and the top of the venturi (31), described the
Four cyclic absorption pipes (34) be used to for the solution in the concentrated nitric acid tank (4) being delivered in the venturi (31) make its with it is described
Nitrogen oxide containing gas reaction in venturi (31), the 4th cyclic absorption pipe (34) are equipped with the 4th circulating pump (35), institute
State defeated pipe (14) outside 45% nitric acid be connected on the 4th cyclic absorption pipe (34) and be located at the 4th circulating pump (35) and
Between the venturi (31).
5. a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas according to claim 1 absorbs acid making system, which is characterized in that described the
It is being located between second circulation pump (23) and second absorber (5) on two cyclic absorption pipes (16) through pipeline difference
It is connected with the second perfusion tube (26) and third perfusion tube (27), the free end of second perfusion tube (26) and described second dilute nitre
The top connection of sour tank (7) conveys dust technology liquid for being that the second dust technology tank (7) is interior, the third perfusion tube (27)
Free end is connect for conveying dust technology liquid for the tail gas purification tower (8) are interior with the top of the tail gas purification tower (8).
6. a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas according to claim 1 absorbs acid making system, which is characterized in that described defeated
Oxygen hose (11) is equipped with the first roots blower (36), is being located at the preposition condenser (2) on the flue gas delivery pipe (10)
The second roots blower (37) are equipped between the oxygen therapy tracheae (11).
7. a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas according to claim 1 absorbs acid making system, which is characterized in that before described
The bottom for setting condenser (2) is equipped with condensation-water drain, and the top of the first dust technology tank (6) is equipped with condensation water inlet, described
It is connected with condensed water delivery pipe (38) between condensation-water drain and the condensation water inlet, on the condensed water delivery pipe (38) also
It is connected with the outer comb (39) of condensed water.
8. a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas according to claim 1 absorbs acid making system, which is characterized in that described the
Probe tube is being connected between first circulation pump (13) and first absorber (3) on one cyclic absorption pipe (12)
(40)。
9. a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas according to claim 1 absorbs acid making system, which is characterized in that further include
Cooling by wind (9), the cooling by wind (9) is respectively by circulating water pipe and first absorber (3) and described
Second absorber (5), for freezing for first absorber (3) and second absorber (5).
10. the acid preparation method that a kind of three-stage nitrogen oxide containing gas absorbs acid making system, which comprises the following steps:
Step (1), premixing；
Reaction kettle produces the cooling that generated nitrogen oxide containing gas passes through preposition condenser under the action of the second roots blower
Flue gas delivery pipe is come, oxygen therapy tracheae conveys oxygen-enriched air under the action of the first roots blower in flue gas delivery pipe, oxygen-enriched
Air and nitrogen oxide containing gas are mixed in flue gas delivery pipe, while the O in the NO and oxygen-enriched air in nitrogen oxide containing gas2Occur
Combination reaction produces NO2, specific reaction equation is 2NO+O2=2NO2；
Step (2), one section of absorption；
Mixed nitrogen oxide containing gas enters in the first absorber by flue gas delivery pipe, while the nitric acid in concentrated nitric acid tank is molten
Liquid is come in the first absorber under the action of first circulation pumps by first circulation absorption tube, nitrogen oxides in the first absorber
NO in flue gas2With the H in nitric acid solution2Combination reaction occurs for O, and specific reaction equation is 3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+ NO+Q, wherein Q
For heat, generated heat is taken away by cooling by wind heat exchange refrigeration, nitric acid solution in the first absorber and not instead
The nitrogen oxide containing gas answered enters concentrated nitric acid tank together, and the nitric acid solution in concentrated nitric acid tank passes through first circulation absorption tube recycle stream
It is dynamic to be reacted repeatedly with the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the first absorber, until the concentration of nitric acid solution reach 45% after through by
It is defeated outside defeated pipe outside 45% nitric acid；
Step (3), two sections of absorptions；
Unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas comes the second absorber, the first dust technology by flue gas two-stage conveying pipe in concentrated nitric acid tank
Dilute nitric acid solution in tank comes the second absorber, second dilute nitre by second circulation absorption tube under the action of second circulation pumps
Dilute nitric acid solution in sour tank comes the second absorber by third cyclic absorption pipe under the action of third circulating pump, and second inhales
Receive the NO in device in nitrogen oxide containing gas2With the H in dilute nitric acid solution2Combination reaction occurs for O, and specific reaction equation is 3NO2+H2O
=2HNO3+ NO+Q, wherein Q is heat, and generated heat is taken away by cooling by wind heat exchange refrigeration, the second absorber
Interior dilute nitric acid solution and unreacted nitrogen oxide containing gas enter the first dust technology tank and the second dust technology tank, wherein enter
Nitrogen oxide containing gas in second dust technology tank feeds back pipe by nitrogen oxide containing gas and is recycled into the interior participation of the second absorber instead
It answers；
Step (4), three sections of absorptions；
Tail gas purification tower is come by exhaust pipe into the nitrogen oxide containing gas in the first dust technology tank, pure water delivery pipe is not
Break and convey pure water or desalted water for tail gas purification tower, the pure water or desalted water in tail gas purification tower with it is thin in nitrogen oxide containing gas
NO2Last time combination reaction is carried out, specific reaction equation is 3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+ NO+Q, tail gas after reaction is from tail gas
Outer comb is discharged into atmosphere, and it is first in the first dust technology tank that the dilute nitric acid solution after reaction enters by dust technology liquid delivery pipe
Dust technology tank make-up solution；
Wherein, in the step (2), the step (3) and the step (4), produced by the combination reaction that when absorption occurs
NO can continue and the O in nitrogen oxide containing gas2Combination reaction occurs and generates NO2。
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