CN109130844B

CN109130844B - Multifunctional drive axle for automobile

Info

Publication number: CN109130844B
Application number: CN201811055077.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜德术; 杜倩
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-09-11
Filing date: 2018-09-11
Publication date: 2020-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2038-09-11
Also published as: CN109130844A

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional automobile drive axle which comprises a hollow axle, a differential mechanism and two drive shafts, wherein basin teeth are arranged on the outer wall of the differential mechanism, a bearing is arranged on each fluted disc cover, a box cover is arranged on the outer wall of the hollow axle, part of the middle teeth penetrates through the outer wall of the hollow axle and then extends inwards towards the box cover, a mechanical hand brake shaft is rotatably arranged in the box cover, generator teeth are fixed at one end of the mechanical hand brake shaft, the other end of the mechanical hand brake shaft penetrates through the box cover and then extends outwards, and a mechanical hand brake drum is arranged at the extending end of the mechanical hand brake shaft. The switching of linkage between drive shaft and the generator shaft is realized through the cooperation of shift fork and tooth cover for under the circumstances that car main brake system became invalid, avoid appearing simultaneously in the auxiliary brake system because of the cable instantaneous atress too big and cause the cracked circumstances of cable to take place, improved the factor of safety in service of car under emergency greatly, reduce navigating mate and passenger's damage to minimum.

Description

Multifunctional drive axle for automobile

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of new energy automobiles, in particular to an automobile multifunctional drive axle.

Background

The new energy automobile adopts unconventional automobile fuel as a power source (or adopts conventional automobile fuel and a novel vehicle-mounted power device), integrates advanced technologies in the aspects of power control and driving of the automobile, and forms an automobile with advanced technical principle, new technology and new structure. The drive axle is one of main parts of a new energy automobile, and has the functions of turning power transmitted by a universal transmission device through an angle of 90 degrees, changing the transmission direction of the power, reducing the rotating speed by a main differential, increasing the torque, and distributing the torque to a left half shaft, a right half shaft and a driving wheel through the differential. However, in the event of a special situation, such as a failure of the braking system, emergency braking is required, and the auxiliary braking system is required to play a decisive role. As is well known, an auxiliary brake system generally includes a mechanical hand brake or an electronic hand brake, and the mechanical hand brake or the electronic hand brake have the same working principle, and only adopt different operation modes, and finally realize the braking of a hub through a cable assembly.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a multifunctional drive axle of an automobile, which solves the problem that the automobile cannot be braked under the condition that an automobile brake system fails, and further improves the safety of automobile driving.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: including hollow axle, set up the differential mechanism inside the hollow axle, set up the drive shaft at the differential mechanism both ends respectively, be equipped with the basin tooth on the outer wall of differential mechanism, at each all be equipped with annular second grade tooth on the outer circumferential wall of drive shaft, be equipped with two fluted disc covers inside the hollow axle, and all be equipped with bearing I on each fluted disc cover, the main tooth rotates and sets up in bearing I, it is provided with two middle tooth axles to rotate in the inside of hollow axle, and be fixed with the middle tooth that matches with the main tooth on each middle tooth axle, be equipped with the case lid on the outer wall of hollow axle, the part of middle tooth extends towards the case lid after running through the outer wall of hollow axle in, the rotation is provided with mechanical hand brake axle in the case lid, be fixed with the generator tooth in the one end of mechanical hand brake axle, the other end of mechanical hand brake axle extends outside after running through the case lid, and be fixed with mechanical hand brake drum at the, the mechanical hand brake drum is linked with the auxiliary brake assembly; the gear sleeve is characterized by further comprising a shifting fork and a gear sleeve which are hinged in the hollow bridge, a bearing II is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the driving shaft, a sliding groove is formed in the outer circumferential wall of the bearing II, a linkage tooth matched with the secondary tooth is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of one end of the gear sleeve, a driving tooth is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the main tooth, a driven tooth matched with the driving tooth is arranged on the end face of the other end of the gear sleeve, a protrusion matched with the sliding groove is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the gear sleeve, an annular groove is formed in the outer circumferential wall of the gear sleeve, the end portion of the shifting fork is U-shaped, when the gear sleeve is used, the U-shaped end portion of the shifting fork drives the gear sleeve to do linear reciprocating motion through being matched with the annular groove, and the.

Aiming at the defect that the conventional fuel automobile and new energy automobile can not perform normal speed reduction braking after a brake system fails in the prior art, the applicant designs a new automobile drive axle, namely, a hollow axle in the interior is arranged as a main body supporting piece, a differential mechanism and two drive shafts are arranged in the hollow axle, when a main brake system of the automobile fails, the automobile can not perform normal braking, at the moment, a gear sleeve is driven to move by controlling a shifting fork, the gear sleeve is respectively meshed with a main gear and a secondary gear, and the two drive shafts and an auxiliary brake assembly which is not connected with the differential mechanism are linked with each other under normal conditions, namely, the two drive shafts and the differential mechanism rotate, and simultaneously, torque is transmitted to a mechanical brake drum through the meshing between the secondary gear and the gear sleeve, between the gear sleeve and the main gear, between the main gear and the intermediate gear, and between the intermediate gear and a generator gear, meanwhile, after the rotating speed of the driving shaft is transmitted to the generator teeth through the second-level teeth, the gear sleeve and the middle teeth, the rotating speed of the mechanical brake drum is reduced greatly finally through the multi-level differential ratio, and similarly, after the main brake system fails, a driver only needs to control the auxiliary brake system in a small range, so that the speed of the driving shaft can be reduced greatly quickly, and the emergency braking of the automobile is realized. And under the normal driving state, the shifting fork separates the gear sleeve from the main gear and the middle gear, so that the connection between the generator shaft and the driving shaft is cut off, and the normal work of the automobile is maintained. Further, the switching of linkage between drive shaft and the generator shaft is realized through the cooperation of shift fork and tooth cover for under the circumstances that car main brake system became invalid, avoid appearing simultaneously in the auxiliary brake system because of the too big circumstances that causes the cable fracture of the instantaneous atress of cable and take place, improved the factor of safety in service of car under emergency greatly, reduce navigating mate and passenger's damage to minimumly.

Wherein, when the shifting fork is matched with the gear sleeve, the shifting fork can realize circular motion in a certain angle range through an action execution part in the automobile, the specific realization mode is that the shifting fork comprises a connecting rod and a U-shaped shifting head, the middle part of the connecting rod is hinged in a hollow bridge, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the action execution part, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the shifting head, the U-shaped shifting head partially wraps the annular groove and the annular groove is directly not contacted with the shifting head, when the driving shaft and the auxiliary brake component are linked, the shifting block rotates to further contact with the side wall of the annular groove, then the gear sleeve is driven to do linear motion until the driving gear and the secondary gear, the linkage gear and the driven gear are meshed with each other, at the moment, the driving shaft rotates, the gear sleeve, the main gear, the middle gear and the generator gear are driven to rotate in sequence, and linkage between the driving shaft and the auxiliary brake assembly is achieved; on the contrary, when the braking state of the driving shaft needs to be released, the action executing component reversely drives the shifting fork, so that the shifting fork drives the gear sleeve to do linear motion again until the driving gear and the secondary gear, and the linkage gear and the driven gear are disengaged. The bearing II is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the driving shaft, the sliding groove is formed in the outer circumferential wall of the bearing II, the protrusion matched with the sliding groove is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the gear sleeve, the movement of the gear sleeve can be guided by the matching between the protrusion and the sliding groove, and the arrangement of the bearing II can ensure that the gear sleeve can normally move without causing any interference to the rotation of the driving shaft. And, current novel energy automobile driving motor installs at integral transaxle, if driving motor damages the back in the driving, do not have the way to change driving motor fast, maintenance duration is longer, and the cavity axle that uses among this technical scheme can be used as front-wheel drive axle or rear-wheel drive axle, carry on two single (two commentaries on classics) monomer driving motor promptly on vehicle chassis, and place with the cavity axle level, after arbitrary one driving motor damages, can carry out driving motor's quick replacement, and then shorten maintenance duration.

And a multi-stage generator is also arranged on the hollow bridge, and the end part of a generator shaft of the multi-stage generator movably penetrates through the box cover and then is connected with the generator teeth. Furthermore, in the existing novel energy automobile, when a driver does not control energy supplement, the automobile is likely to be thrown and aimed on the road because the automobile carrier does not have a power generation assembly, the energy problem is solved only by charging in a fixed place, and other energy supplement modes are not available; in the technical scheme, under normal conditions, the shifting fork drives the gear sleeve to be separated from the main gear and the secondary gear to ensure normal rotation of the two driving shafts, when an automobile slides on a downhill road section and a driver does not control the driving device to output power, the shifting fork shifts the gear sleeve between the main gear and the secondary gear to enable the generator shaft and the driving shafts to be linked again, the driving shafts transmit kinetic energy generated by free sliding of tires and potential energy generated by height change of the automobile to the generator shaft, and the multi-stage generator fixed on the hollow bridge converts the potential energy and the kinetic energy transmitted to the generator shaft into electric energy for electronic elements on the automobile or directly stores the converted electric energy into a storage battery for standby.

The outer wall of the hollow axle is provided with a driving box cover, a central shaft, a bearing IV and a bearing III are arranged in the driving box cover, one end of the central shaft is rotatably arranged in the bearing IV, the other end of the central shaft penetrates through the outer walls of the bearing III and the driving box cover and then enters the hollow axle, an angle tooth matched with a basin tooth is fixed at the end part of the central shaft entering the hollow axle, the middle part of the central shaft is provided with a driving gear sleeve, driving planet gears I are fixed on the driving gear sleeve, two sides of the driving box cover are respectively provided with a driving motor, motor driving shafts of the two driving motors respectively penetrate through two side walls of the driving box cover and enter the driving box cover, and the end part of the motor driving shaft is provided with a driving side tooth I matched with the driving planet. Further, the cavity axle among this technical scheme is applied to new energy automobile, consequently, the drive arrangement setting of car is on the cavity axle, set up the drive case lid on the outer wall of cavity axle, two driving motor set up the both sides at the drive case lid respectively, driving motor starts, drive the drive side tooth I that sets up in the motor drive epaxial, it rotates to drive the center pin with I complex drive planet gear of drive side tooth I, and be equipped with the horn tooth with basin tooth matched with on the tip of center pin, the horn tooth drives the basin tooth and rotates, realize the rotation of differential mechanism and two drive shafts then, the drive shaft then drives the tire and rotates.

The brake device is characterized in that a pull arm is arranged on the lower surface of the hollow bridge, an adjusting hydraulic cylinder and a straight arm seat are fixed on the bottom of the pull arm, one end of the straight arm is hinged to the straight arm seat, the output end of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the middle of the straight arm, a brake air pump is installed on the end of the other end of the straight arm, an emergency brake block is connected to the output end of the brake air pump, and an emergency brake block is fixed on the lower surface of the emergency brake block. Furthermore, when the automobile is emergently braked, a driver can be greatly injured due to inertia factors, particularly when the automobile runs at a large distance with the automobile and the speed is high, the main brake system can not effectively brake, namely the probability of traffic accidents of the driver is increased, for this reason, the applicant respectively arranges a pull arm on two sides of the hollow bridge, the lower surface of the pull arm is respectively provided with an adjusting hydraulic cylinder and a straight arm seat, one end part of the straight arm is hinged on the straight arm seat, the other end part of the straight arm is provided with a brake air pump, when the emergency braking is needed in emergency, the driver can control the adjusting hydraulic cylinder to work while carrying out the operation of the main brake system, namely, one end part of the straight arm where the brake air pump is arranged is pushed to move downwards, and simultaneously adjusts the brake air pump to enable the emergency brake plate to move downwards to be contacted with the ground, the friction force between the automobile and the ground is increased, the braking time and distance of the automobile are shortened, a driver is protected to the maximum extent, and the injuries to cervical vertebra and lumbar vertebra are reduced. Specifically, in a normal driving state, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to extend downwards through the control system, so that the emergency brake pad is 5 cm away from the ground; when an emergency occurs, the working height of the hydraulic cylinder is adjusted and the hydraulic cylinder is set in the control system, when the automobile runs to a highway (GPS) or the speed reaches a set value, the hydraulic cylinder starts to brake, the emergency brake button for controlling the hydraulic cylinder and the brake air pump is pressed, the brake air pump works by utilizing the gas stored in the hollow bridge, the emergency brake plate and the emergency brake pad are driven to move downwards, excessive contact between the emergency brake pad and the road surface is realized, the automobile body can be lifted off the ground, the kinetic energy of the automobile is reduced, and the purpose of emergency braking is achieved.

The differential mechanism comprises a shell, the basin teeth are fixed on the outer wall of the shell, the end parts opposite to the two driving shafts are respectively provided with driving shaft teeth, the two ends of the shell are respectively provided with driving side teeth II matched with the driving shaft teeth, a driving planet gear shaft is rotatably arranged inside the shell, and two driving planet gears II respectively matched with the two driving side teeth are fixed on the driving planet gear shaft. Furthermore, the differential mechanism is directly linked with the power output part of the automobile on the premise of ensuring the normal work of the two driving shafts during steering, namely, the motor drives the differential mechanism to rotate through the matching of the angle teeth and the basin teeth, and then the output transmission of power is realized.

The auxiliary brake assembly comprises a mechanical hand brake arm and a mechanical hand brake disc arranged on the mechanical hand brake arm, the mechanical hand brake arm is arranged on the hollow bridge, the mechanical hand brake disc is arranged in the mechanical hand brake drum, the mechanical hand brake disc is composed of a support, two arc-shaped brake shoes and two double-piston brake cylinders fixed on the support, the support is fixed on the mechanical hand brake arm, the opposite end parts of the two brake shoes are respectively connected with two output ends of the brake cylinders, mechanical hand brake friction plates are arranged on the outer side walls of the two brake shoes, and the two brake cylinders are electrically connected with a hand brake control key; when the hand brake device is used, the hand brake control key is started, so that the two output ends of the brake wheel cylinder move outwards, the brake shoe is pushed to move outwards along the radial direction of the mechanical hand brake drum until the mechanical hand brake friction plate is contacted with the inner circumferential wall of the mechanical hand brake drum, and the braking of the mechanical hand brake shaft is realized. Furthermore, under the condition that the automobile main brake system fails, an auxiliary brake system is needed to be used for speed reduction braking, the driving shaft is meshed with the mechanical hand brake shaft through the multi-stage gears and then is linked, the kinetic energy on the driving shaft is greatly attenuated after being transmitted through multi-stage differential speed ratios, namely, the mechanical hand brake shaft moves at a lower rotating speed while the driving shaft rotates at a high speed, at the moment, when the mechanical brake drum fixed on the mechanical hand brake shaft is braked, a driver can drive two brake wheel cylinders to work by only starting a hand brake control key, the brake wheel cylinders are of a double-piston type structure, two output ends of the brake wheel cylinders respectively push opposite end parts of the two brake shoes until a mechanical hand brake friction sheet on the outer walls of the brake shoes is contacted with the inner wall of the mechanical hand brake drum, the braking of the mechanical hand brake drum is realized in a short time, and the driving torque on the driving shaft is different from that of the mechanical, after the mechanical hand brake shaft stops rotating, the driving shaft stops rotating gradually under the limitation of each stage of gear until the automobile finishes braking.

When any one of the two tires slips, the automobile cannot be driven, at the moment, the gear sleeve is pushed to be meshed with the main gear and the secondary gear through the shifting fork, so that the auxiliary brake assembly is linked with the driving shaft, then the two brake wheel cylinders are started, the brake shoes are close to the inner wall of the mechanical hand brake drum until the brake shoes are contacted with each other, after the mechanical hand brake drum brakes, the mechanical hand brake shaft stops rotating, the driving shaft where the slipped tire is located is further locked, and for the non-slipped tire, the auxiliary brake assembly on the same side does not work, namely the driving shaft on the side can normally work, so that the automobile can be driven; when the tire slips on a muddy road, particularly when the tire sinks seriously, the automobile can quickly return to a normal driving state by adjusting the auxiliary braking system on the same side with the tire. And the auxiliary brake assembly can also select disc brake of the traditional fuel car, and the hydraulic caliper tightly holds the friction plate on the driving shaft under the control of the hand brake control key, so that the purpose of reduction is realized, the conformity between the technical scheme and the existing automobile parts is realized, and the cost of the multifunctional driving axle in use is reduced.

The lifting assembly comprises a mounting seat, a driving motor, a lifting cylinder and universal wheels, the mounting seat is fixed at the bottom of the hollow bridge, the driving motor is arranged in the mounting seat, the lifting cylinder is fixed at the output end of the driving motor, and the universal wheels are fixed at the output end of the lifting cylinder; in an initial state, a gap is reserved between the universal wheel and the ground, the lifting cylinder is started, and the output end of the lifting cylinder drives the universal wheel to move towards the ground along the vertical direction so as to lift the horizontal height of the hollow bridge. Furthermore, because the existing automobile is generally parked at the side position, and when the existing automobile is parked at the side position, once the automobile is parked at the front and the back of an idle parking space and the gap between the parking spaces is small, a common driver cannot realize garage dumping or needs much time to park and traffic jam is easily caused, the hollow bridge in the technical scheme belongs to a rear drive axle, and two lifting components are arranged at two sides of the bottom of the hollow bridge, meanwhile, in order to increase the using effect of the lifting components, two same lifting components can be arranged on a front drive axle of the automobile, and power output equipment for realizing the lifting of the hollow bridge can also be a hydraulic cylinder, namely when the existing automobile is parked at the side position, the driver only needs to put the automobile to a position parallel to the gap between the two parking spaces and then starts the lifting cylinder or the hydraulic cylinder, make the automobile body promote, four drive tires break away from the contact with ground, then start driving motor for the universal wheel rotates to be equipped with on the hollow bridge and be used for driving universal wheel pivoted motor specially, through the gear cooperation between the pivot of motor output and universal wheel, can make the car follow the straight line and enter into to the parking stall in, avoid side position parking cost too much time. Furthermore, in an initial state, a gap is reserved between the universal wheel and the ground, when the automobile runs to a certain speed (the control system is arranged), the lifting cylinder or the hydraulic assembly is started, the output end of the lifting cylinder or the hydraulic assembly drives the universal wheel to move towards the ground along the vertical direction and is 4 cm away from the ground, when the automobile suddenly blows out when running at a high speed, the output end drives the universal wheel to immediately contact with the ground to start working, the control system controls the lifting cylinder or the hydraulic assembly to quickly lift the automobile body with a blown-out position and sends an alarm to inform a driver; the lifting cylinder or the hydraulic assembly of each tire position can be controlled independently to lift the horizontal height of the hollow bridge, so that the tires can be replaced conveniently.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the invention relates to an automobile multifunctional drive axle, wherein two drive shafts and a differential mechanism transmit torque to a mechanical brake drum through the engagement between a secondary gear and a gear sleeve, the gear sleeve and a main gear, the main gear and an intermediate gear, and the intermediate gear and generator teeth while rotating, and meanwhile, after the rotating speed of the drive shafts is transmitted to the generator teeth through the secondary gear, the gear sleeve and the intermediate gear, the rotating speed of the mechanical brake drum finally realizes large reduction through multi-stage differential ratio;

2. according to the multifunctional drive axle for the automobile, the opening and closing of linkage between the drive shaft and the generator shaft are realized through the matching of the shifting fork and the gear sleeve, so that under the condition that a main brake system of the automobile fails, the condition that an inhaul cable is broken due to overlarge instantaneous stress of the inhaul cable in an auxiliary brake system is avoided, the use safety coefficient of the automobile under emergency is greatly improved, and the damage to drivers and passengers is reduced to the minimum;

3. when an emergency situation occurs, the emergency brake button for controlling the adjusting hydraulic cylinder and the brake air pump is pressed, the brake air pump is enabled to work by utilizing air stored in the hollow axle, the emergency brake plate and the emergency brake pad are driven to move downwards, excessive contact between the emergency brake pad and the road surface is achieved, the automobile body can be lifted off the ground, the kinetic energy of the automobile is reduced, and the purpose of emergency braking is achieved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the hollow bridge;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a hollow bridge;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 3 at A;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the auxiliary brake assembly.

Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:

1-tyre, 2-driving shaft, 3-hollow axle, 4-generator shaft, 5-generator tooth, 6-intermediate tooth, 7-intermediate tooth shaft, 8-mechanical hand brake drum, 9-mechanical hand brake disc, 10-mechanical hand brake arm, 11-mechanical hand brake friction disc, 12-box cover, 13-mechanical hand brake shaft, 14-mechanical hand brake connecting key, 15-gear disc cover, 16-bearing I, 17-main tooth, 18-shifting fork, 19-gear sleeve, 20-secondary tooth, 21-motor driving shaft, 22-bearing V, 23-driving box cover, 24-driving side tooth I, 25-bearing IV, 26-differential shell, 27-driving side tooth II, 28-driving planet gear II, 29-driving planet tooth shaft, 30-shell, 31-basin teeth, 32-angle teeth, 33-bearing III, 34-driving gear sleeve, 35-driving planet gear I, 36-driving shaft teeth, 37-driving motor, 38-shock absorber, 39-multistage generator, 40-lifting component, 41-pull arm, 42-brake air pump, 43-emergency brake plate, 44-emergency brake block, 45-straight arm, 46-straight arm seat, 47-adjusting hydraulic cylinder, 48-fixed seat, 49-universal wheel, 50-annular groove, 51-protrusion, 52-bearing II, 53-linkage teeth, 54-driving teeth and 55-driven teeth.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment includes a hollow axle 3, a differential mechanism disposed inside the hollow axle 3, and driving shafts 2 disposed at two ends of the differential mechanism, wherein basin teeth 31 are disposed on an outer wall of the differential mechanism, an annular secondary tooth 20 is disposed on an outer circumferential wall of each of the driving shafts 2, two gear plate covers 15 are disposed inside the hollow axle 3, a bearing i 16 is disposed on each gear plate cover 15, a main tooth 17 is rotatably disposed in the bearing i 16, two intermediate gear shafts 7 are rotatably disposed inside the hollow axle 3, an intermediate tooth 6 matched with the main tooth 17 is fixed on each intermediate gear shaft 7, a box cover 12 is disposed on an outer wall of the hollow axle 3, a part of the intermediate tooth 6 extends into the box cover 12 after penetrating through the outer wall of the hollow axle 3, a mechanical hand brake shaft 13 is rotatably disposed in the box cover 12, a generator tooth 5 is fixed at one end of the mechanical hand brake shaft 13, the other end of the mechanical hand brake shaft 13 penetrates through the box cover 12 and then extends outwards, a mechanical hand brake drum 8 is fixed at the extending end of the mechanical hand brake shaft 13, and the mechanical hand brake drum 8 is linked with the auxiliary brake assembly; the transmission device further comprises a shifting fork 18 and a gear sleeve 19 which are hinged and arranged in the hollow bridge 3, a bearing II 52 is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the driving shaft 2, a sliding groove is formed in the outer circumferential wall of the bearing II 52, a linkage tooth 53 matched with the secondary tooth 20 is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of one end of the gear sleeve 19, a driving tooth 54 is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the main tooth 17, a driven tooth 55 matched with the driving tooth 54 is arranged on the end face of the other end of the gear sleeve 19, a protrusion 51 matched with the sliding groove is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the gear sleeve 19, an annular groove 50 is formed in the outer circumferential wall of the gear sleeve 19, the end portion of the shifting fork 18 is U-shaped, when the transmission device is used, the U-shaped end portion of the shifting fork 18 is matched with the annular groove 50 to drive the gear sleeve 19 to do linear reciprocating motion, and the secondary tooth 20.

In the embodiment, the hollow axle 3 in the inner part is used as a main body support of elements such as a driving device, a shock absorber 38 and the like, the differential and the two driving shafts 2 are arranged in the hollow axle 3, when a main braking system of the automobile fails, the automobile can not be normally braked, at the moment, the gear sleeve 34 is driven to move by controlling the shifting fork 18, the gear sleeve 19 is meshed with the main gear 17 and the secondary gear 20 respectively, and the auxiliary braking component which is not connected with the two driving shafts 2 and the differential is interlocked under the normal condition, namely, the two driving shafts 2 and the differential rotate, and simultaneously, the torque is transmitted to the mechanical hand brake drum 8 through the meshing between the secondary gear 20 and the gear sleeve 19, between the gear sleeve 19 and the main gear 17, between the main gear 17 and the intermediate gear 6, between the intermediate gear 6 and the generator gear 5, and simultaneously, the rotating speed of the driving shafts 2 is transmitted to the mechanical hand brake drum 8 through the, After the intermediate teeth 6 are transmitted to the generator teeth 5, the final rotating speed of the mechanical hand brake drum 8 is greatly reduced through a multi-stage differential ratio, and similarly, after the main brake system fails, a driver only needs to control the auxiliary brake system in a small range, so that the speed of the driving shaft 2 can be quickly reduced greatly, and the emergency braking of the automobile is realized. In normal driving conditions, the fork 18 separates the sleeve 19 from the main teeth 17 and the intermediate teeth 6, so that the generator shaft 4 is disconnected from the drive shaft 2, thereby maintaining the normal operation of the vehicle. Further, the shifting fork 18 and the gear sleeve 19 are matched to realize the linkage opening and closing between the driving shaft 2 and the generator shaft 4, so that under the condition that the automobile main brake system fails, the condition that the stay cable is broken due to overlarge instantaneous stress of the stay cable in the auxiliary brake system is avoided, the safety factor of the automobile in emergency is greatly improved, and the damage to drivers and passengers is reduced to the lowest level.

When the shifting fork 18 is matched with the gear sleeve 19, the shifting fork 18 can realize circular motion within a certain angle range through an action execution part in the automobile, and the specific realization mode is that the shifting fork 18 comprises a connecting rod and a U-shaped shifting head, the middle part of the connecting rod is hinged in the hollow bridge 3, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the action execution part, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the shifting head, the U-shaped shifting head partially wraps the annular groove 50, and the annular groove 50 and the shifting head are not directly contacted, when the driving shaft 2 and the auxiliary brake component are linked, the shifting block rotates to contact with the side wall of the annular groove 50, then the gear sleeve 19 is driven to do linear motion until the driving gear 54 and the secondary gear 20, the linkage gear 53 and the driven gear 55 are meshed with each other, at this time, the driving shaft 2 rotates, further driving the gear sleeve 19, the main gear 17, the intermediate gear 6 and the generator gear 5 to rotate in sequence, namely realizing the linkage between the driving shaft 2 and the auxiliary brake component; on the contrary, when the braking state of the driving shaft 2 needs to be released, the action executing component reversely drives the shifting fork 18, so that the shifting fork 18 drives the gear sleeve 19 to do linear motion again until the driving teeth 54 are disengaged from the secondary teeth 20 and the linkage teeth 53 are disengaged from the driven teeth 55. The bearing II 52 is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the driving shaft 2, the sliding groove is formed in the outer circumferential wall of the bearing II 52, the protrusion 51 matched with the sliding groove is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the gear sleeve 18, the movement of the gear sleeve 18 can be guided by the matching between the protrusion 51 and the sliding groove, and the arrangement of the bearing II 52 can ensure that the gear sleeve 18 can normally move without causing any interference to the rotation of the driving shaft 2.

In this embodiment, a multi-stage generator 39 is further disposed on the hollow bridge 3, and an end of a generator shaft 4 of the multi-stage generator 39 movably penetrates the box cover 12 and then is connected to the generator teeth 5. Under normal conditions, the shifting fork 18 drives the gear sleeve 34 to be separated from the main gear 17 and the secondary gear 20 so as to ensure the normal rotation of the two driving shafts 2, when the automobile slides on a downhill road section and a driver does not control a driving device to output power, the shifting fork 18 shifts the gear sleeve 19 between the main gear 17 and the secondary gear 20, so that the generator shaft 4 and the driving shafts 2 are linked again, the driving shafts 2 transmit kinetic energy generated by the free sliding of the tires 1 and potential energy generated by the automobile due to height change to the generator shaft 4, and the multi-stage generator 39 fixed on the hollow bridge 3 converts the potential energy and the kinetic energy transmitted to the generator shaft 4 into electric energy for electronic elements on the automobile or directly stores the converted electric energy into a storage battery for standby. The technical scheme is particularly suitable for electric automobiles, and can save energy by about 15% -20% on the premise that the driving motor 7 does not output power on a downhill road section.

The differential comprises a shell 30, the basin teeth 31 are fixed on the outer wall of the shell 30, the opposite end parts of the two driving shafts 2 are respectively provided with a driving shaft tooth 36, the two ends of the shell 30 are respectively provided with a driving side tooth II 27 matched with the driving shaft tooth 36, a driving planet gear shaft 29 is rotatably arranged in the shell 30, and two driving planet gears II 28 respectively matched with the two driving side teeth II 27 are fixed on the driving planet gear shaft 29. The differential mechanism is under the prerequisite of guaranteeing that two drive shafts 2 normally work when turning to, still directly links with the power take off part of car, namely through the cooperation of angle tooth 32 with basin tooth 31, and the motor drives the differential mechanism and rotates, and then realizes the output transmission of power.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, a driving box cover 23 is disposed on an outer wall of the hollow bridge 3, a central shaft, a bearing IV 25 and a bearing III 33 are arranged in the driving box cover 23, one end of the central shaft is rotatably arranged in the bearing IV 25, the other end of the central shaft passes through the bearing III 33 and the outer wall of the driving box cover 23 and then enters the hollow bridge 3, and on the end of the central shaft entering into the hollow bridge 3 is fixed a corner tooth 32 matching with the basin tooth 31, a driving gear sleeve 34 is arranged in the middle of the central shaft, a driving planet gear I35 is fixed on the driving gear sleeve 34, the two sides of the driving box cover 23 are respectively provided with a driving motor 37, the motor driving shafts 21 of the two driving motors 37 respectively penetrate through the two side walls of the driving box cover 23 to enter the driving box cover 23, and a driving side tooth i 24 engaged with the driving planetary gear i 35 is provided on the end of the motor driving shaft 21. Hollow axle 3 among this technical scheme is applied to new energy automobile, therefore the drive arrangement setting of car is on hollow axle 3, set up drive case lid 23 on the outer wall of hollow axle 3, two driving motor 37 set up the both sides at drive case lid 23 respectively, be equipped with bearing V22 on the both sides wall of drive case lid 23 respectively, motor drive axle 21 passes and enters into in the drive case lid 23 behind bearing V22, driving motor 37 starts, drive the drive side tooth I24 that sets up on motor drive axle 21, drive planetary gear I35 with drive side tooth I24 complex drives the center pin and rotates, and be equipped with angle tooth 32 with basin tooth 31 matched with on the tip of center pin, angle tooth 32 drives basin tooth 31 and rotates, then realize the rotation of differential mechanism and two drive shafts 2, drive shaft 2 then drives tire 1 and rotates.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 1-2, in this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1, a pull arm 41 is arranged on the lower surface of the hollow axle 3, an adjusting hydraulic cylinder and a straight arm seat 46 are fixed on the bottom of the pull arm 41, one end of the straight arm 45 is hinged to the straight arm seat 46, the output end of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 47 is hinged to the middle of the straight arm 45, a brake air pump 42 is installed on the other end of the straight arm 45, an emergency brake plate 43 is connected to the output end of the brake air pump 42, and an emergency brake pad 44 is fixed on the lower surface of the emergency brake plate 43. When an automobile is emergently braked, a driver can be greatly injured due to inertia factors, particularly when the automobile runs at a larger distance with the automobile and the speed is higher, the main brake system can not effectively brake, namely the probability of traffic accidents of the driver is increased, for this reason, the applicant respectively arranges one pull arm 41 on two sides of the hollow bridge 3, the lower surface of the pull arm 41 is respectively provided with an adjusting hydraulic cylinder 47 and a straight arm seat 46, one end part of the straight arm 45 is hinged on the straight arm seat 46, the other end part of the straight arm 45 is provided with a brake air pump 42, when the emergency brake is needed in an emergency situation, the driver can control the adjusting hydraulic cylinder to work while carrying out the operation of the main brake system, namely pushing one end part of the straight arm 45 where the brake air pump 42 is positioned to move downwards, and simultaneously adjusting the brake air pump 42 to enable the emergency brake plate 43 to move downwards to be contacted with the ground, the friction force between the automobile and the ground is increased, the braking time and distance of the automobile are shortened, a driver is protected to the maximum extent, and the injuries to cervical vertebra and lumbar vertebra are reduced. Specifically, in a normal driving state, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 47 is adjusted to extend downwards through the control system, so that the emergency brake pad is 5 cm away from the ground; when an emergency occurs, the emergency brake button for controlling and adjusting the hydraulic cylinder 47 and the brake air pump 42 is pressed, the brake air pump 42 is enabled to work by utilizing air stored in the hollow bridge 3, the emergency brake plate 43 and the emergency brake pad 44 are driven to move downwards, excessive contact between the emergency brake pad 44 and the road surface is achieved, the automobile body can be lifted off the ground, the kinetic energy of the automobile is reduced, and the purpose of emergency braking is achieved.

Example 4

As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, the auxiliary brake assembly includes a hand brake arm 10 and a hand brake disc 9 disposed on the hand brake arm 10, the hand brake arm 10 is disposed on the hollow bridge 3, the hand brake disc 9 is disposed in the hand brake drum 8, the hand brake disc 9 is composed of a support, two arc brake shoes and two double-piston brake cylinders fixed on the support, the support is fixed on the hand brake arm 10, opposite ends of the two brake shoes are respectively connected with two output ends of the brake cylinders, and hand brake friction plates 11 are disposed on outer side walls of the two brake shoes, and the two brake cylinders are electrically connected with a hand brake control key; when the hand brake device is used, the hand brake control key is started, so that the two output ends of the brake wheel cylinder move outwards, the brake shoes are pushed to move outwards along the radial direction of the mechanical hand brake drum 8 until the mechanical hand brake friction plates 11 are contacted with the inner circumferential wall of the mechanical hand brake drum 8, and the braking of the mechanical hand brake shaft 13 is realized. Under the condition that a main brake system of an automobile fails, an auxiliary brake system is needed to be used for speed reduction braking, a driving shaft 2 is meshed with a mechanical hand brake shaft 13 through a multi-stage gear and then is linked, the kinetic energy on the driving shaft 2 is greatly attenuated after being transmitted through a multi-stage differential ratio, namely, the mechanical hand brake shaft 13 moves at a lower rotating speed while the driving shaft 2 rotates at a high speed, at the moment, when a mechanical hand brake drum 8 fixed on the mechanical hand brake shaft 13 is braked, a driver can drive two brake wheel cylinders to work only by starting a hand brake control key, the brake wheel cylinders are of a double-piston type structure, two output ends of the brake wheel cylinders respectively push opposite end parts of two brake shoes until a mechanical hand brake friction plate 11 on the outer wall of each brake shoe is contacted with the inner wall of the mechanical hand brake drum 8, braking of the mechanical hand brake drum 8 is realized in a short time, at the moment, the driving torque on the driving shaft 2 is different, after the mechanical hand brake shaft 13 stops rotating, the driving shaft 2 stops rotating gradually under the limitation of each stage of gear until the automobile finishes braking. Wherein the hand brake shaft 13 is connected with the generator teeth 5 through the hand brake connecting key 14.

Example 5

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1, two lifting assemblies 40 are respectively disposed on two sides of the bottom of the hollow bridge 3, each lifting assembly 40 includes a mounting base 48, a driving motor 37, a lifting cylinder and a universal wheel 49, the mounting base 48 is fixed to the bottom of the hollow bridge 3, the driving motor 37 is disposed in the mounting base 48, the lifting cylinder is fixed to an output end of the driving motor 37, and the universal wheel 49 is fixed to an output end of the lifting cylinder; in an initial state, a gap is reserved between the universal wheel 49 and the ground, the lifting cylinder is started, and the output end of the lifting cylinder drives the universal wheel to move towards the ground along the vertical direction so as to lift the horizontal height of the hollow bridge 3. Because the existing automobile is generally parked at the side position, and when the existing automobile is parked at the side position, once the automobile is parked at the front and the rear of an idle parking space and the gap between the parking spaces is small, a common driver cannot realize garage dumping or needs to spend much time to park and traffic jam is easily caused, the hollow bridge 3 in the technical scheme belongs to a rear drive axle, the two sides of the bottom of the hollow bridge 3 are respectively provided with a lifting component 40, meanwhile, in order to increase the using effect of the lifting components 40, two same lifting components 40 can be arranged on a front drive axle of the automobile, namely, when the existing automobile is parked at the side position, the driver only needs to put the automobile to be parallel to the gap between the two parking spaces, then starts a lifting cylinder to lift the automobile body, four driving tires 1 are separated from contact with the ground, then starts a driving motor 37, make the universal wheel rotate to be equipped with on the hollow bridge 3 and be used for driving universal wheel pivoted motor specially, through gear cooperation between the pivot of motor output and universal wheel, can make the car enter into to the parking stall along the straight line, avoid side position parking to spend too much time.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a multi-functional transaxle of car, includes hollow axle (3), sets up at the inside differential mechanism of hollow axle (3), sets up drive shaft (2) at the differential mechanism both ends respectively, its characterized in that: basin teeth (31) are arranged on the outer wall of the differential mechanism, annular secondary teeth (20) are arranged on the outer circumferential wall of each driving shaft (2), two gear disc covers (15) are arranged inside the hollow bridge (3), a bearing I (16) is arranged on each gear disc cover (15), a main tooth (17) is rotatably arranged in the bearing I (16), two middle gear shafts (7) are rotatably arranged inside the hollow bridge (3), a middle tooth (6) matched with the main tooth (17) is fixed on each middle gear shaft (7), a box cover (12) is arranged on the outer wall of the hollow bridge (3), part of the middle tooth (6) penetrates through the outer wall of the hollow bridge (3) and then extends towards the box cover (12), a mechanical hand brake shaft (13) is rotatably arranged in the box cover (12), generator teeth (5) are fixed at one end of the mechanical hand brake shaft (13), the other end of the mechanical hand brake shaft (13) penetrates through the box cover (12) and then extends outwards, a mechanical hand brake drum (8) is fixed at the extending end of the mechanical hand brake shaft (13), and the mechanical hand brake drum (8) is linked with the auxiliary brake assembly; the transmission mechanism further comprises a shifting fork (18) and a gear sleeve (19) which are hinged and arranged in the hollow bridge (3), a bearing II (52) is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the driving shaft (2), a sliding groove is formed in the outer circumferential wall of the bearing II (52), a linkage tooth (53) matched with the secondary tooth (20) is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of one end of the gear sleeve (19), a driving tooth (54) is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the main tooth (17), a driven tooth (55) matched with the driving tooth (54) is arranged on the end face of the other end of the gear sleeve (19), a protrusion (51) matched with the sliding groove is arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the gear sleeve (19), an annular groove (50) is formed in the outer circumferential wall of the gear sleeve (19), the end portion of the shifting fork (18) is U-shaped, when the transmission mechanism is used, the U-shaped end portion of the shifting fork (18) is matched with the annular groove (50) to drive the gear sleeve (19) to do linear reciprocating motion, The driving teeth (54) and the driven teeth (55) are simultaneously separated or meshed.

2. The multifunctional automobile driving axle according to claim 1, wherein: a multi-stage generator (39) is further arranged on the hollow bridge (3), and the end part of a generator shaft (4) of the multi-stage generator (39) movably penetrates through the box cover (12) and then is connected with the generator teeth (5).

3. The multifunctional automobile driving axle according to claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the hollow axle (3) is provided with a driving box cover (23), a central shaft, a bearing IV (25) and a bearing III (33) are arranged in the driving box cover (23), one end of the central shaft is rotatably arranged in the bearing IV (25), the other end of the central shaft penetrates through the outer walls of the bearing III (33) and the driving box cover (23) and then enters the hollow axle (3), an angle tooth (32) matched with the basin tooth (31) is fixed on the end part of the central shaft entering the hollow axle (3), a driving gear sleeve (34) is arranged in the middle of the central shaft, driving planet gears I (35) are fixed on the driving gear sleeve (34), driving motors (37) are respectively arranged on two sides of the driving box cover (23), motor driving shafts (21) of the two driving motors (37) respectively penetrate through two side walls of the driving box cover (23) and enter the driving box cover (23), and driving side teeth matched with the driving planet gears I (35) are arranged on the end part of the motor driving shafts (21) (24).

4. The multifunctional automobile driving axle according to claim 1, wherein: be equipped with single arm (41) on hollow bridge (3) lower surface, be fixed with on single arm (41) bottom and adjust pneumatic cylinder (42) and straight arm seat (46), the one end tip of straight arm (45) is articulated with straight arm seat (46), the output of adjusting pneumatic cylinder (47) is articulated with the middle part of straight arm (45), install braking air pump (42) on the other end tip of straight arm (45), be connected with emergent brake block (43) on the output of braking air pump (42), the lower surface at emergent brake block (43) is fixed in emergent brake block (44).

5. The multifunctional automobile driving axle according to claim 1, wherein: differential mechanism includes casing (30), basin tooth (31) are fixed on the outer wall of casing (30), and are equipped with drive shaft tooth (36) on the relative tip of two drive shafts (2) respectively, are equipped with respectively at the both ends of casing (30) and drive side tooth II (27) with drive shaft tooth (36) matched with, are provided with drive planet tooth axle (29) at casing (30) inside rotation, are fixed with two respectively on the drive planet tooth axle (29) with two drive side tooth II (27) complex drive planet gear II (28).

6. The multifunctional automobile driving axle according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary brake assembly comprises a mechanical hand brake arm (10) and a mechanical hand brake disc (9) arranged on the mechanical hand brake arm (10), the mechanical hand brake arm (10) is arranged on the hollow bridge (3), the mechanical hand brake disc (9) is arranged in the mechanical hand brake drum (8), the mechanical hand brake disc (9) consists of a support, two arc-shaped brake shoes and two double-piston brake wheel cylinders fixed on the support, the support is fixed on the mechanical hand brake arm (10), the opposite end parts of the two brake shoes are respectively connected with two output ends of the brake wheel cylinders, mechanical hand brake friction plates (11) are arranged on the outer side walls of the two brake shoes, and the two brake wheel cylinders are electrically connected with a hand brake control key; when the hand brake device is used, the hand brake control key is started, so that the two output ends of the brake wheel cylinder move outwards, the brake shoe is pushed to move outwards along the radial direction of the mechanical hand brake drum (8) until the mechanical hand brake friction plate (11) is contacted with the inner circumferential wall of the mechanical hand brake drum (8), and the braking of the mechanical hand brake shaft (13) is realized.

7. The multifunctional automobile drive axle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: two sides of the bottom of the hollow bridge (3) are respectively provided with a lifting assembly (40), the lifting assembly (40) comprises a mounting seat, a driving motor, a lifting cylinder and a universal wheel, the mounting seat is fixed at the bottom of the hollow bridge (3), the driving motor is arranged in the mounting seat, the lifting cylinder is fixed at the output end of the driving motor, and the universal wheel is fixed at the output end of the lifting cylinder; in an initial state, a gap is reserved between the universal wheel and the ground, the lifting cylinder is started, and the output end of the lifting cylinder drives the universal wheel to move towards the ground along the vertical direction so as to lift the horizontal height of the hollow bridge (3).