CN109123248A - 一种蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料 - Google Patents

一种蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料 Download PDF

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CN109123248A
CN109123248A CN201811141986.9A CN201811141986A CN109123248A CN 109123248 A CN109123248 A CN 109123248A CN 201811141986 A CN201811141986 A CN 201811141986A CN 109123248 A CN109123248 A CN 109123248A
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CN109123248B (zh
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徐齐云
赵红霞
李军
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Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K50/00Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/90Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料。它包括酵母粉、蜂蜜、昆虫粉、防腐剂和水,所述的昆虫粉为黑水虻幼虫干粉或黄粉虫幼虫干粉。本发明通过实验发现,利用本发明的人工饲料繁育繁育蜂箱小甲虫,所繁育的蜂箱小甲虫虫龄一致,卵孵化率、成虫产卵率均超过80%,因此利用本发明的人工饲料可以大量繁育蜂箱小甲虫。

Description

一种蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料
技术领域
本发明属于农业生物技术领域,具体涉及一种蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。
背景技术
蜂箱小甲虫是一种寄生在蜂群内的杂食性昆虫,其成虫和幼虫以蜜蜂幼虫、蜂蜜和花粉为食,因而会导致蜜蜂幼虫死亡、蜂蜜发酵和巢脾损毁,常造成整个蜂巢坍塌、蜂群弃巢飞逃。蜂箱小甲虫在温暖高湿的地区危害明显高于低温干燥地区。
蜂箱小甲虫学名:Aethina tumida Murray,英文名:small hive beetle,属于鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、露尾甲科(Nitdiuldae)),1867年首先定名并作了描述;世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将蜂箱小甲虫列为蜜蜂六大重要病原体之一。1940年,南非农学家Ludine对其外部形态和生活方式进行了详细的描述。1998年,蜂箱小甲虫首次在美国发现,对养蜂业造成重大损失,受到养蜂业的广泛关注。随后,蜂箱小甲虫传播到加拿大、意大利、埃及、澳大利亚、菲律宾、韩国、拉丁美洲的一些国家。
据最新了解,蜂箱小甲虫已经在中国部分地区发现,但未造成严重危害。为了研究蜂箱小甲虫在中国的生物学特性、防治技术等科学实验,需要大量虫龄一致、虫体大小相近的供试虫。因此,研究蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料尤其重要。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料,利用其能够规模化繁育蜂箱小甲虫。
本发明的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料,其特征在于,包括酵母粉、蜂蜜、昆虫粉、防腐剂和水,所述的昆虫粉为黑水虻幼虫干粉或黄粉虫幼虫干粉。
优选,所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料由以下成分组成:按质量分数计,酵母粉5-15%,蜂蜜10-30%,昆虫粉20-40%,防腐剂为0.1-1%,余量加水至100%。
所述的蜂蜜为油菜花蜜、荔枝蜜、柑桔蜜、益母草蜜中的一种或几种。
所述的防腐剂为山梨酸、山梨酸钾中的一种。
优选,所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料由以下成分组成:按质量分数计,酵母粉10-15%,蜂蜜10-20%,黑水虻幼虫粉25-40%,防腐剂为0.1-1%,余量加水至100%。
本发明通过实验发现,利用本发明的人工饲料繁育繁育蜂箱小甲虫,所繁育的蜂箱小甲虫虫龄一致,卵孵化率、成虫产卵率均超过80%,因此利用本发明的人工饲料可以大量繁育蜂箱小甲虫。
具体实施方式:
以下是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:
用分析天平称取150克酵母粉,100克油菜花蜜,400克黑水虻幼虫干粉,山梨酸1克,水349克水,混合搅拌均匀,得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料,置于冰箱备用。
在实验室中用本实施例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫,实验室温度26℃,相对湿度80%,经过一段时间饲养,其化蛹率为88%以上,成虫产卵正常,卵孵化率90%,虫龄一致,可以续代饲养。
实施例2
用分析天平称取100克酵母粉,200克益母草蜜,250克黑水虻幼虫干粉,山梨酸钾10克,水440克水,混合搅拌均匀,得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。置于冰箱备用。
在实验室中用本实施例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫,实验室温度26℃,相对湿度80%,经过一段时间饲养,其化蛹率为90%以上,成虫产卵正常,卵孵化率90%,虫龄一致,可以续代饲养。
实施例3
用分析天平称取50克酵母粉,300克柑桔蜜,200克黄粉虫幼虫干粉,山梨酸10克,水440克水,混合搅拌均匀,得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。置于冰箱备用。
在实验室中用本实施例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫,实验室温度26℃,相对湿度80%,经过一段时间饲养,其化蛹率为80%,成虫产卵正常,卵孵化率81%,虫龄一致,可以续代饲养。
实施例4
用分析天平称取150克酵母粉,300克益母草蜜,400克黄粉虫幼虫干粉,山梨酸钾10克,水140克水,混合搅拌均匀,得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。置于冰箱备用。
在实验室中用本实施例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫,实验室温度26℃,相对湿度80%,经过一段时间饲养,其化蛹率为81%,成虫产卵正常,卵孵化率80%,虫龄一致,可以续代饲养。
对比例1
用分析天平称取150克酵母粉,500克油菜花蜜,山梨酸1克,水349克水,混合搅拌均匀,得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。置于冰箱备用。
在实验室中用本对比例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫,实验室温度26℃,相对湿度80%,经过一段时间饲养,所饲养幼虫个体大小不均匀,其化蛹率为55-60%之间。
对比例2:
在实验室中单独使用油菜花蜜、荔枝蜜、柑桔蜜、益母草蜜饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫,实验室温度26℃,相对湿度80%,经过一段时间饲养,其幼虫死亡率高,达到80%以上,孵化率低,不足20%,不能满足大量饲养要求。
对比例3:
用分析天平称取150克酵母粉,100克油菜花蜜,400克蜜蜂幼虫干粉,山梨酸钾1克,水349克水,混合搅拌均匀,得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。置于冰箱备用。
在实验室中用本实施例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫,实验室温度26℃,相对湿度80%,经过一段时间饲养,其化蛹率为80%,成虫产卵正常,卵孵化率80%,可以续代饲养。但是由于蜜蜂是有益昆虫,并且在巢脾内,不容易获取,建议不使用蜜蜂幼虫。

Claims (5)

1.一种蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料,其特征在于,包括酵母粉、蜂蜜、昆虫粉、防腐剂和水,所述的昆虫粉为黑水虻幼虫干粉或黄粉虫幼虫干粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料,其特征在于,所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料由以下成分组成:按质量分数计,酵母粉5-15%,蜂蜜10-30%,昆虫粉20-40%,防腐剂为0.1-1%,余量加水至100%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料,其特征在于,所述的蜂蜜为油菜花蜜、荔枝蜜、柑桔蜜、益母草蜜中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料,其特征在于,所述的防腐剂为山梨酸、山梨酸钾中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1、2、3或4所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料,其特征在于,所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料由以下成分组成:按质量分数计,酵母粉10-15%,蜂蜜10-20%,黑水虻幼虫粉25-40%,防腐剂为0.1-1%,余量加水至100%。
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WO2020062979A1 (zh) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-02 广东省生物资源应用研究所 一种蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料
CN109907075A (zh) * 2019-03-12 2019-06-21 广东省生物资源应用研究所 一种防治蜂箱小甲虫的诱杀组合物及应用方法
CN109907075B (zh) * 2019-03-12 2021-05-04 广东省科学院动物研究所 一种防治蜂箱小甲虫的诱杀组合物及应用方法
CN110115318A (zh) * 2019-04-09 2019-08-13 上海师范大学 一种通用性甲虫果冻及其制备方法

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