CN109119311B - coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system and method - Google Patents
coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109119311B CN109119311B CN201810986147.0A CN201810986147A CN109119311B CN 109119311 B CN109119311 B CN 109119311B CN 201810986147 A CN201810986147 A CN 201810986147A CN 109119311 B CN109119311 B CN 109119311B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
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- H01J27/02—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J27/20—Ion sources; Ion guns using particle beam bombardment, e.g. ionisers
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Abstract
The invention provides a coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system and a method, wherein a metal plate is at least provided with a th sub-wave long hole array, the th sub-wave long hole array at least comprises a plurality of rectangular holes which are arrayed along the th direction and the second direction, an electron beam generating device generates a sheet-shaped electron beam moving along a specific direction, and the electron beam sweeps over a th sub-wave long hole array to form coherent electromagnetic radiation on the specific direction of a three-dimensional space, and the size of the rectangular holes is in the range of millimeter magnitude to micrometer magnitude, so that the sub-wave long hole array can be applied to a millimeter wave frequency band and a terahertz wave frequency band and generates coherent electromagnetic radiation on the specific direction of the three-dimensional space, and a new application mode of sub-wave long hole arrays in the millimeter wave frequency band and the terahertz wave frequency band is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetism, in particular to coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system and method.
Background
The phenomenon of abnormal light transmission of subwavelength hole arrays on metal films has attracted attention in recent years . since the subwavelength hole arrays on metal films can effectively regulate and control the polarization (polarization) and the propagation direction of light in a subwavelength scale range, the subwavelength hole arrays on metal films become core elements of modern nano-optics and subwavelength optics.
The research on the subwavelength hole array on the metal film in the prior art is mostly focused on the visible light frequency range, and the abnormal light transmission phenomenon of the subwavelength hole array on the metal film in the visible light frequency range is mainly due to the surface plasmon of the metal. However, in the millimeter wave band and the terahertz wave band where the effect of the surface plasmon of the metal is not significant, the application of the sub-wavelength hole array on the metal thin film is rarely studied.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention provides coherent electromagnetic radiation generating systems and methods, so as to provide sub-wavelength arrays applied to the millimeter wave band and the terahertz wave band, and generate coherent electromagnetic radiation through the sub-wavelength arrays.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system, comprising:
a metal plate, wherein the metal plate is provided with at least an th sub-wavelength hole array, the th sub-wavelength hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes arrayed along a th direction and a second direction, the th direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the rectangular holes are through holes penetrating through the metal plate, and the size of the rectangular holes ranges from millimeter magnitude to micrometer magnitude;
and the electron beam generating device is used for generating a sheet-shaped electron beam moving in a certain direction, and enabling the electron beam to skim the subwavelength hole array on the metal plate to form coherent electromagnetic radiation in a specific direction of a three-dimensional space.
Optionally, the moving direction of the electron beam and the th direction have an angle therebetween, and the radiation direction of the coherent electromagnetic radiation is determined by the size of the angle.
Optionally, the ratio of the length to the width of the rectangular hole is in the range of 10-20; the height of the rectangular hole is more than 1 time of the width and less than 2 times of the length.
Optionally, the ratio of the distance between the rectangular holes in the th direction to the width of the rectangular holes is in the range of 10-20;
the ratio of the pitch of the rectangular holes in the second direction to the pitch of the rectangular holes in the th direction is in the range of 1.2 to 2.
Optionally, the metal plate is further provided with a second sub-wavelength hole array and a third sub-wavelength hole array;
the second sub-wavelength hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes which are arranged along a third direction and a fourth direction, the included angles between the third direction and the th direction and between the third direction and the second direction are both equal to 45 degrees, and the fourth direction is perpendicular to the third direction;
the third subwavelength aperture array includes a plurality of rectangular apertures arranged in a fifth direction and a sixth direction, the fifth direction being parallel to the th direction, the sixth direction being parallel to the second direction.
Optionally, the plurality of rectangular holes in the th sub-wavelength hole array and the plurality of rectangular holes in the third sub-wavelength array enclose a plurality of rectangular regions, the plurality of rectangular holes in the second sub-wavelength array are respectively located in the plurality of rectangular regions, and the rectangular holes in the rectangular regions are located on diagonal lines of the rectangular regions.
Optionally, the electron beam generating device comprises a cathode and an electron beam accelerator;
the cathode is a cathode with a rectangular cross section and is used for generating sheet-shaped electron beams;
the electron beam accelerator is used for accelerating the electron beam so as to enable the electron beam to move along a certain direction.
Optionally, the metal plate is a metal disc.
A method of generating coherent electromagnetic radiation for use in a coherent electromagnetic radiation generation system as claimed in any of items above, comprising:
providing a metal plate, wherein the metal plate is provided with an th sub-wave hole array, the th sub-wave hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes arrayed along a th direction and a second direction, the th direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the rectangular holes are through holes penetrating through the metal plate, and the size of the rectangular holes ranges from millimeter magnitude to micrometer magnitude;
and generating a sheet-shaped electron beam moving along a specific direction by using an electron beam generating device, and enabling the electron beam to sweep over the subwavelength hole array on the metal plate to form coherent electromagnetic radiation in a specific direction of a three-dimensional space.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and changing the size of an included angle between the specific direction and the th direction so as to change the radiation direction of the coherent electromagnetic radiation.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages:
the coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system and the coherent electromagnetic radiation generating method provided by the invention have the advantages that the metal plate is at least provided with the th sub-wave long hole array, the th sub-wave long hole array at least comprises a plurality of rectangular holes which are arrayed along the th direction and the second direction, the electron beam generating device generates a sheet-shaped electron beam moving along the specific direction, and the electron beam sweeps over the th sub-wave long hole array to form coherent electromagnetic radiation on the specific direction of a three-dimensional space, and the size of the rectangular holes is in the range of millimeter magnitude to micrometer magnitude, so that the sub-wave long hole array can be applied to a millimeter wave frequency band and a terahertz wave frequency band and generates coherent electromagnetic radiation on the specific direction of the three-dimensional space, and new application modes of the sub-wave array in the millimeter wave frequency band and the terahertz wave frequency band are provided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal plate along the cutting line AA' in the coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rotated metal plate of the coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of electromagnetic radiation spectra simulated from the coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system of FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of methods for generating coherent electromagnetic radiation according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system, where coherent electromagnetic radiation refers to electromagnetic radiation with coherence, the coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system includes a metal plate 1 and an electron beam generating device.
As shown in fig. 1, the metal plate 1 has at least an th sub-wavelength hole array, the th sub-wavelength hole array includes a plurality of rectangular holes 10 arranged in an array along the th direction a1 and the second direction a1, the th direction a1 is perpendicular to the second direction a2, the rectangular holes 10 are through holes penetrating through the metal plate 1, and the size of the rectangular holes 10 is in the range from millimeter level to micrometer level, so that the th sub-wavelength hole array can be applied in millimeter wave frequency band and terahertz wave frequency band.
Although the metal plate 1 in the present embodiment is a circular metal plate, that is, a metal disc, the present invention is not limited to this, and the metal plate 1 may be a metal plate having a shape of a pentagon, a hexagon, or the like in other embodiments.
In this embodiment, the length L1 of the rectangular hole 10 refers to the length of sides of the rectangular hole 10 parallel to the second direction a2, the width K1 of the rectangular hole 10 refers to the length of sides of the rectangular hole 10 parallel to the th direction a1, and as shown in fig. 2, the height D1 of the rectangular hole 10 refers to the length of sides of the rectangular hole 10 perpendicular to the metal plate 1, that is, the depth of the rectangular hole 10.
The ratio of the length L1 to the width K1 of the rectangular hole 10 is larger than the typical wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the rectangular hole 10, and the width K1 is smaller than the typical wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the rectangular hole 10. optionally, the ratio of the length L1 to the width K1 of the rectangular hole 10 is in the range of 10 to 20, the height D1 of the rectangular hole 10 is larger than 1 time of the width K1 and smaller than 2 times of the length L1, and is further provided, the ratio of the spacing S1 of the rectangular hole 10 in the direction A1 to the width K1 of the rectangular hole 10 is in the range of 10 to 20, and the ratio of the spacing S2 of the rectangular hole 10 in the second direction A2 to the spacing S1 of the rectangular hole 10 in the direction A1 is in the range of 1.2 to 2.
In this embodiment, the electron beam generating apparatus includes a cathode having a rectangular cross section and being flat and an electron beam accelerator for accelerating the electron beam 2 to move the electron beam in direction, wherein the length L2 of the electron beam 2 is approximately equal to the diameter of the metal disk, i.e. equal to the length of the sub-wavelength hole array in the second direction a 2.
When electron beam 2 passes over subwavelength hole array along A1, specific resonance modes are excited in each rectangular hole 10 and radiate above metal plate 1, and these radiations generate coherence in specific directions, forming coherent electromagnetic radiation in specific directions of three-dimensional space.
The moving direction B1 of the electron beam 2 and the A1 may have an angle α of 1 included angle α between the second direction A2 and the second direction A22By rotating the metal disk or sub-wavelength hole array, the included angle α can be changed1I.e. the angle between the moving direction B1 of the electron beam 2 and the th direction a1, and thus the radiation direction of the coherent electromagnetic radiation, i.e. the radiation direction of the coherent electromagnetic radiation is changed from the angle α1Is determined by the size of (c).
When the moving direction B1 of the electron beam 2 is parallel to the th direction a1 (i.e. the metal disk does not rotate), as shown in fig. 1, the coherence condition of the radiation field is:
wherein L is the period of the rectangular hole 10 in the th direction A1, veIs the velocity of electron beam 2 moving in direction A1, c is the speed of light in vacuum, n is an integer, θ0Is the angle between the radiation direction of the electromagnetic radiation and the direction of motion B1 of the electron beam 2. At this time, the radiation directionWill be concentrated in a cross section perpendicular to the metal plate 1 and will not radiate in a plane parallel to the metal plate 1.
When the rotation angle of the metal disc along the center line is α1Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the coherence condition along the th direction A1 is:
wherein, theta1Is the included angle between the radiation direction of the electromagnetic radiation and the th direction A1, and m is an integer.
The coherence condition in the second direction a2 is:
wherein, α2＝90°-α1,θ2When the coherence condition of direction A1 and second direction A2, namely formula (2) and formula (3), is satisfied, the electromagnetic wave will generate coherence in space.
It follows that the radiation direction of the electromagnetic radiation will follow the rotation angle α1Is changed. That is, the radiation direction can be regulated and controlled in three-dimensional space in real time by rotating the metal disc.
However, the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation will vary with the angle of rotation α1Is increased and gradually decreased when the angle α is rotated1At 30 degrees the radiation intensity is reduced by about and a factor of two, since the field intensity excited in the rectangular aperture 10 decreases, approximately cos α, when the short side of the aperture 10 differs from the direction of motion B1 of the electron beam 21Is reduced, therefore, when α1When increasing from 0 degrees to 90 degrees, the field intensity excited in the rectangular aperture 10 will gradually decrease from maximum to 0, resulting in a decrease in radiation intensity.
Based on this, as shown in fig. 4, another embodiment of the present invention provides a metal plate 1 further having a second sub-wavelength hole array and a third sub-wavelength hole array.
The second subwavelength hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes 10 arrayed along a third direction A3 and a fourth direction A4, the third direction A3 forms an angle equal to 45 degrees with both the direction A1 and the second direction A2, and the fourth direction A4 is perpendicular to the third direction A3. the third subwavelength hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes 10 arrayed along a fifth direction A5 and a sixth direction A6, the fifth direction A5 is parallel to the direction A1, the sixth direction A6 is parallel to the second direction A2, and the fifth direction A5 is perpendicular to the sixth direction A6.
Note that the long sides of the rectangular holes 10 in the th sub-wavelength hole array each extend in the second direction a2, the long sides of the rectangular holes 10 in the second sub-wavelength hole array each extend in the third direction A3, and the long sides of the rectangular holes 10 in the third sub-wavelength hole array each extend in the fifth direction a 5.
Specifically, the plurality of rectangular holes 10 in the th sub-wavelength hole array and the plurality of rectangular holes 10 in the third sub-wavelength array enclose a plurality of rectangular areas C, the plurality of rectangular holes 10 in the second sub-wavelength array are respectively located in the plurality of rectangular areas C, wherein, rectangular holes 10 are located in rectangular areas C, and the rectangular holes 10 in the rectangular areas C are located on diagonal lines of the rectangular areas C, based on this, when the rotation angle of the disc is increased from 0 degree to 90 degrees, the th sub-wavelength hole array, the second sub-wavelength hole array and the third sub-wavelength hole array are sequentially excited to form spatial coherent radiation, and the radiation intensity is not reduced along with the increase of the rotation angle.
In embodiments of the present invention, the coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system is constructed as shown in FIG. 1, the thickness of the metal plate 1 is 0.6mm, the length L1 of the rectangular hole 10 is 0.5mm, the width K1 is 0.05mm, the distance between the th sub-wavelength slot array and the direction along the width K1 of the rectangular hole 10 is 0.55mm, i.e., S1 is 0.55mm, the distance between the th sub-wavelength slot array and the direction along the length L1 of the rectangular hole 10 is 0.7mm, i.e., S2 is 0.7mm, the voltage of the electron beam accelerator is 100 kV, FIG. 5 is a simulated spectrum diagram of electromagnetic radiation, and the result shows that two stronger coherent electromagnetic radiations are obtained.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system is configured as shown in FIG. 4, the thickness of the metal plate 1 is 0.6mm, the length L1 of the rectangular hole 10 is 0.5mm, the width K1 is 0.05mm, the distance between the th sub-wavelength slot array and the direction of the width K1 of the rectangular hole 10 is 0.55mm, that is, S1 is 0.55mm, the distance between the th sub-wavelength slot array and the direction of the length L1 of the rectangular hole 10 is 0.7mm, that is, S2 is 0.7mm, and the voltage of the electron beam accelerator is 100 kV.
According to the coherent electromagnetic radiation generation system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the metal plate is at least provided with the th sub-wave long hole array, the th sub-wave long hole array at least comprises a plurality of rectangular holes which are arrayed along the th direction and the second direction, the electron beam generation device generates a sheet-shaped electron beam moving along a specific direction, and the electron beam sweeps over the th sub-wave long hole array to form coherent electromagnetic radiation in the specific direction of a three-dimensional space, and the size of the rectangular holes is in the range from millimeter magnitude to micrometer magnitude, so that the sub-wave long hole array can be applied to a millimeter wave frequency band and a terahertz wave frequency band and generates coherent electromagnetic radiation in the specific direction of the three-dimensional space, and new application modes of the sub-wave array in the millimeter wave frequency band and the terahertz wave frequency band are provided.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides methods for generating coherent electromagnetic radiation, which are applied to the coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system described in any of above, as shown in fig. 6, including:
s101, providing a metal plate, wherein the metal plate is at least provided with an th sub-wave long hole array, the th sub-wave long hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes arrayed along a th direction and a second direction, the th direction is vertical to the second direction, the rectangular holes are through holes penetrating through the metal plate, and the size of the rectangular holes ranges from millimeter magnitude to micrometer magnitude;
s102: the electron beam generator generates a sheet-like electron beam moving in a specific direction, and the electron beam sweeps over the subwavelength hole array on the metal plate to form coherent electromagnetic radiation in the specific direction of the three-dimensional space.
, further comprising:
and changing the size of an included angle between the specific direction and the th direction so as to change the radiation direction of the coherent electromagnetic radiation.
The method of generating coherent electromagnetic radiation is described below.
The metal plate shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 4 is provided, then the electron beam generating device is used to generate the sheet-like electron beam moving along a specific direction, when the electron beam sweeps from the sub-wavelength hole array along the th direction, series specific resonance modes are excited in each rectangular hole and radiate to the upper side of the metal plate, and these radiations generate coherence in the specific direction to form coherent electromagnetic radiation in the specific direction of three-dimensional space, wherein, by rotating the metal disc or the sub-wavelength hole array, the size of the included angle can be changed, namely, the included angle between the moving direction of the electron beam and the th direction is changed, and further, the radiation direction of the coherent electromagnetic radiation can be changed.
According to the coherent electromagnetic radiation generation method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the metal plate is at least provided with the th sub-wavelength hole array, the th sub-wavelength hole array at least comprises a plurality of rectangular holes which are arrayed along the th direction and the second direction, the electron beam generation device generates a sheet-shaped electron beam moving along a specific direction, and the electron beam sweeps over the th sub-wavelength hole array to form coherent electromagnetic radiation in the specific direction of a three-dimensional space, and the size of the rectangular holes is in the range of millimeter magnitude to micrometer magnitude, so that the sub-wavelength hole array can be applied to a millimeter wave frequency band and a terahertz wave frequency band and generates coherent electromagnetic radiation in the specific direction of the three-dimensional space, and new application modes of the sub-wavelength array in the millimeter wave frequency band and the terahertz wave frequency band are provided.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1, coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system, comprising:
the metal plate is at least provided with an th sub-wavelength hole array, the th sub-wavelength hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes arrayed along a th direction and a second direction, the th direction is vertical to the second direction, the rectangular holes are through holes penetrating through the metal plate, and the size of the rectangular holes ranges from millimeter magnitude to micrometer magnitude, the metal plate is also provided with a second sub-wavelength hole array and a third sub-wavelength hole array, the second sub-wavelength hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes arrayed along a third direction and a fourth direction, the included angle between the third direction and the th direction and the included angle between the third direction and the second direction are both equal to 45 degrees, the fourth direction is vertical to the third direction, the third sub-wavelength hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes arrayed along a fifth direction and a sixth direction, the fifth direction is parallel to the th direction, and the sixth direction is parallel to the second direction;
and the electron beam generating device is used for generating a sheet-shaped electron beam moving in a certain direction, and enabling the electron beam to skim the subwavelength hole array on the metal plate to form coherent electromagnetic radiation in a specific direction of a three-dimensional space.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the direction of the electron beam movement has an angle with the th direction, and the direction of the coherent electromagnetic radiation is determined by the size of the angle.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length to the width of the rectangular aperture is in the range of 10-20; the height of the rectangular hole is more than 1 time of the width and less than 2 times of the length.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the ratio of the pitch of the rectangular holes in the -th direction to the width of the rectangular holes is in the range of 10-20;
the ratio of the pitch of the rectangular holes in the second direction to the pitch of the rectangular holes in the th direction is in the range of 1.2 to 2.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of rectangular apertures in the subwavelength aperture array and the plurality of rectangular apertures in the third subwavelength array enclose a plurality of rectangular regions, the plurality of rectangular apertures in the second subwavelength array are located within the plurality of rectangular regions, respectively, and the rectangular apertures within the rectangular regions are located on diagonals of the rectangular regions.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the electron beam generating device comprises a cathode and an electron beam accelerator;
the cathode is a cathode with a rectangular cross section and is used for generating sheet-shaped electron beams;
the electron beam accelerator is used for accelerating the electron beam so as to enable the electron beam to move along a certain direction.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the metal plate is a metal disk.
8, A method for generating coherent electromagnetic radiation, applied to the coherent electromagnetic radiation generating system of any of claims 1-7, comprising:
providing a metal plate, wherein the metal plate is provided with an th sub-wavelength hole array, the th sub-wavelength hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes arrayed along a th direction and a second direction, the th direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the rectangular holes are through holes penetrating through the metal plate, and the size of the rectangular holes ranges from millimeter magnitude to micrometer magnitude, the metal plate is further provided with a second sub-wavelength hole array and a third sub-wavelength hole array, the second sub-wavelength hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes arrayed along a third direction and a fourth direction, the included angle between the third direction and the th direction and the included angle between the third direction and the second direction are both equal to 45 degrees, the fourth direction is perpendicular to the third direction, the third sub-wavelength hole array comprises a plurality of rectangular holes arrayed along a fifth direction and a sixth direction, the fifth direction is parallel to the th direction, and the sixth direction is parallel to the second direction;
and generating a sheet-shaped electron beam moving along a specific direction by using an electron beam generating device, and enabling the electron beam to sweep over the subwavelength hole array on the metal plate to form coherent electromagnetic radiation in a specific direction of a three-dimensional space.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
and changing the size of an included angle between the specific direction and the th direction so as to change the radiation direction of the coherent electromagnetic radiation.
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