CN109118699A - Intelligent building evacuation system for fire escape and application method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent building evacuation system for fire escape and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
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- G06Q10/047—Optimisation of routes or paths, e.g. travelling salesman problem
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent evacuation system for a building for fire escape and an application method thereof. The intelligent evacuation system comprises a system server, an available evacuation path analysis module and an optimal evacuation path calculation module. The method for indicating evacuation by using the intelligent evacuation system comprises the following steps: the system server stores the building information; the system server acquires fire information and smoke information; the available evacuation path analysis module marks the evacuation paths as available evacuation paths and unavailable evacuation paths; the system server sends evacuation early warning information to the handheld evacuation equipment; the system server acquires the position information of the handheld evacuation equipment; the optimal evacuation path calculation module continuously calculates an optimal evacuation path by taking the position of the handheld evacuation equipment as a starting point; and the system server sends the optimal evacuation path to the handheld evacuation equipment. When the evacuation system is used for evacuation, the system can continuously plan the optimal evacuation path of each person according to real-time fire data, and the highest-efficiency evacuation of the whole crowd is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to building intelligence evacuating systems, and in particular to is based on personnel's real time position, scene of a fire flue gas and temperature number
According to building intelligence evacuating system.
Background technique
When fire occurs for existing building, the scheme of evacuating personnel is usually to rely on people after confirming fire behavior by shortest path
Principle selection escape outlet and path, or according to formulate in advance evacuation prediction scheme progress evacuating personnel tissue.Both
The drawbacks of method has oneself.
If the principle according to shortest path is evacuated, first is that not accounting for the flue gas generated in fire generating process
With the influence of high temperature, flue gas and high temperature can make some fire escapes and emergency exit fail, if be forced through flue gas concentration compared with
The big or higher channel of temperature, can make the health of evacuation personnel be damaged, and evacuation ability to act reduces, or even in the mistake of evacuation
The phenomena of mortality occur in journey.Second is that the principle of shortest path is not necessarily the shortest scheme of whole evacuation time, if from a certain
The evacuation personnel of a egress door are more, these personnel select this egress door to evacuate, and can go out on this egress door doorway
The case where existing congestion and queuing, even it will appear tread event when serious, there is a phenomenon where the dead groups of group to hurt.
If carrying out the tissue of evacuating personnel according to the evacuation prediction scheme formulated in advance, first is that evacuation prediction scheme is only examined when formulating
Considered the position of small part fire generation and the case where scale, building actually occur fire position and scale may with examine in advance
That considers is different, and the prediction scheme formulated in this way may be unworkable when actually executing.Second is that evacuation process will appear respectively in the tissue
Kind of emergency case, a minority do not execute according to prediction scheme, the development of fire behavior than prediction scheme envision fastly etc., fully according to prediction scheme
Tissue evacuation is also unrealistic.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem present in currently available technology is that current evacuating system is not accounted for due to crowd evacuation mistake
The congestion situation generated in journey, therefore it is easy to appear the problem of evacuation time extends, evacuation is failed.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, inventors believe that if personnel shunted, a portion personnel selection is allowed
Walk egress door available, slightly a little further, all personnel's entirety evacuation time can be made to shorten instead, it is safer be efficiently completed it is thin
It dissipates.Scheme provided by the invention is based on proprietary location information, the most short evacuation path of immediate updating, and with everyone position
As starting point, evacuation path is provided, realizes effectively evacuation.
Specifically, the invention proposes following technical solutions:
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of methods using the instruction evacuation of intelligent evacuation system, comprising:
System server stores architecture information；
System server obtains fire information and flue gas information；
Can will evacuate path tag with evacuation path analysis module is available evacuation path and unavailable evacuation path；
System server is sent to hand-held evacuation equipment starts evacuation and pre-alarming information；
System server obtains the location information of hand-held evacuation equipment；
Optimal evacuation path calculation module calculates optimal evacuation path, comprising: optimal evacuation path calculation module is with hand-held
Evacuation device location is starting point, and interval time constantly counts according to the hand-held evacuation device location updated and available evacuation path
It calculates；
Optimal evacuation path is sent to hand-held evacuation equipment with system server.
Preferably, above-mentioned method, wherein optimal evacuation path calculation module calculates optimal according to shortest path first
Evacuate path, it is preferred that the shortest path first be selected from dijkstra's algorithm, SPFA algorithm, bellman-ford algorithm,
Floyd algorithm, Floyd-Warshall algorithm, Johnson algorithm, A* algorithm, DAG nomography, PSP algorithm and equidistant nomography
One or more of, preferably in dijkstra's algorithm, SPFA algorithm, bellman-ford algorithm and Floyd algorithm
It is a kind of.
Preferably, above-mentioned method, wherein the optimal evacuation path calculation module is according to one section of optimal evacuation path
On hand-held evacuation number of devices and the optimal evacuation path capacity, adjustment is located at optimal evacuation path position rearward
Hand-held evacuation equipment optimal evacuation path, it is preferred that the optimal evacuation path calculation module according to one section it is optimal dredge
Dissipate the hand-held evacuation number of devices on path and the capacity predicted congestion time t1 in the optimal evacuation path, optimal evacuation path
Computing module calculates the hand-held evacuation equipment replacement of congestion position rearward to the evacuation time t2 in adjacent evacuation path, and compares t1
The prompt in change evacuation path is sent to the hand-held evacuation equipment of congestion position rearward as t1 > t2 with the size of t2.
Preferably, above-mentioned method, wherein the interval time is 8~15 seconds；Preferably 10 seconds.
On the other hand, the present invention provides a kind of intelligent evacuation systems, it is characterised in that: including system server, can be used
Path analysis module and optimal evacuation path calculation module are evacuated,
Wherein, the system server is used to obtain the position letter of fire information, flue gas information and hand-held evacuation equipment
Breath；
It is described that evacuation path and unavailable evacuation can be used for path tag will to be evacuated with evacuation path analysis module
Path；
The optimal evacuation path is for calculating optimal evacuation path, comprising: using hand-held evacuation device location as starting point, and
Interval time constantly calculates according to the hand-held evacuation device location updated and available evacuation path.
Preferably, above-mentioned evacuating system, wherein the fire information includes fire occurrence information and fire location letter
Breath.
Preferably, above-mentioned evacuating system, wherein from fire detecting module occurs for the fire information.
Preferably, above-mentioned evacuating system, wherein the fire occur detecting module be selected from smoke fire detector,
Heat fire detector and/or optical flame fire detector.
Preferably, above-mentioned evacuating system, wherein the flue gas information includes flue gas concentration data and temperature data.
Preferably, above-mentioned evacuating system, wherein the flue gas information is from fire data detecting module.
Preferably, above-mentioned evacuating system, wherein the fire data detecting module apart from ground level be 1.9~
2.5 meters, preferably height is 2 meters.
The beneficial effect comprise that
The present invention considers proprietary location information when calculating and evacuating path, and evacuation path can be according to jam situation
It is adjusted, everyone optimal evacuation path is constantly planned according to real-time fire data, realize that whole crowd's is most efficient
Rate evacuation.
With reference to the accompanying drawing with each specific embodiment, the present invention and its advantageous effects are described in detail,
Wherein:
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be the present invention instruction evacuation start system flow chart, including fire occur detecting module, system server,
Hand-held evacuation equipment.
Fig. 2 is the system flow chart of intelligent evacuation instruction of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It is a primary object of the present invention to construct a kind of shortest intelligent evacuation system of whole crowd's evacuation time of realization.This
System arranges each in the fire behavior of generation according to the actual conditions of personnel's distribution in real time and fire occurrence and development in building
Personal evacuation path, and dynamic is carried out according to the executive condition of evacuation personnel during evacuation and the real time data of fire development
Adjustment, can be instructed during the entire process of evacuation, so that finally evacuation processing efficient is completed.
Flue gas and temperature data after real time position and the fire generation that intelligent evacuation system of the invention passes through personnel,
Everyone evacuation route in arrangement building.The hardware that the intelligent evacuation system includes has: 1) detection that fire occurs is set
4) standby, 2) fire data detecting devices, 3) system server hold evacuation equipment, 5) signal transmission system.By functional module
Can be divided into: 1) fire occur detecting module, 2) fire data detecting module, 3) can with evacuation path analysis module, 4) evacuate people
5) the optimal evacuation path calculation module of member holds evacuation equipment, 6) signal transmission system.
It includes that detecting devices occurs for fire that detecting module, which occurs, for fire.Detecting devices occurs for fire by common fire detection
The composition such as equipment such as smoke fire detector, heat fire detector, optical flame fire detector.The building of the overwhelming majority has been pacified
These devices have been filled, this system can be accessed, has not installed such as, is then installed.When fire occurs, fire occurs
Detecting devices has detected the generation of fire, and the location information of signal and generation that fire is occurred is passed by signal transmission system
It is defeated by server, hand-held evacuation is sent by signal transmission system by the signal for starting evacuation after server confirmation fire behavior and is set
It is standby.Personnel are connected to the instruction for starting evacuation that hand-held evacuation equipment issues in building, and evacuation starts.
Fire data detecting module includes fire data detecting devices.The range of mounting height is generally 1.9 to 2.5 meters,
This is determined according to the average height of people.The average height of common people is 1.72 meters or so, relatively high has more than 1.8
Rice, detector seek to detection and threaten the breathing of people and the flue gas concentration and temperature of safety, therefore choose high more slightly higher than the person
Height be advisable.In preferred embodiments of the present invention, fire data detecting devices is mostly installed at evacu-ation walk and emergency staircase 2
The height of rice is mainly used to detect the flue gas concentration data and temperature data of 2 meters of height after fire occurs.It detects real after data
When be transferred to system server.
The validation of information fire escapes such as position, flue-gas temperature concentration can occur according to fire with evacuation path analysis module is
It is no available.The tomograph of this building has been prestored in system server.After fire occurs, detecting module occurs for fire
The location information that fire occurs has been transferred to server, meanwhile, fire data detecting module also walks real-time evacuation
The data of road and emergency staircase flue gas concentration and temperature are transmitted to server.According to these data, evacuation path analysis mould can be used
Block analysis goes out this building can be used for the secure path of evacuating personnel in current fire.Specific steps include: 1) first according to fire
The emergency exit for the fire compartment that fire occurs is set as unavailable by the position that calamity occurs.The fire compartment personnel first
The fire compartment where fire generation position is evacuated out, the escape stair or emergency exit of adjacent fire compartment is then utilized to carry out
Evacuation.2) according to the data of the flue gas concentration detected and temperature, judge the evacu-ation walk or escape stair within a certain period of time
Between flue gas and temperature whether can health to evacuation personnel and evacuation ability to act cause detrimental effects, as will not if can be used, such as
It can be then unavailable.As unavailable, will not be considered any further when path is evacuated in planning using the evacu-ation walk or emergency staircase.In this way
The evacu-ation walk and escape stair for the safety that can be used to evacuate in the case where being developed according to fire behavior in-situ analysis building.
The optimal evacuation path calculation module of evacuation personnel calculates optimal evacuation according to the real time position of hand-held evacuation equipment
Path.System server has analyzed the interior evacuation path available in real time of building by available evacuation path analysis module.
The real-time location information of evacuation personnel is transferred to system server by signal transmission system by hand-held evacuation equipment.System service
Device by according to the three-dimensional structure of building, can with evacuation path, personnel real-time position information calculate the optimal evacuation road of personnel
Diameter, and hand-held evacuation equipment is sent to by signal transmission system, evacuation personnel are according to the hand-held evacuation road for evacuating device prompts
Diameter is evacuated.The optimal evacuation path of evacuation personnel is not only to calculate once, but calculate repeatedly, every minor tick 8~15
Second.The variation that changes and can be used evacuation path according to everyone real time position, constantly calculates everyone optimal evacuation road
Diameter.Height and architectural construction of the safety time for occurring to be generally used for evacuation when fire also with regard to 7~8 minutes or so, according to building
And how much this time of evacuation personnel are slightly long or slightly shorter.The interval time of this calculating is unsuitable too long due to safety concerns,
On the too long opportunity that evacuation personnel can be made to miss optimum apjustment evacuation route, too short and too frequent, the calculation amount of server is too big.Institute
Stating interval time is generally between 8~15 seconds and is advisable, and in the case where server can bear calculation amount, the present invention preferably 10
Second.
It is first depending on the principle of shortest path when calculating and evacuating path, makes everyone evacuation path most short.But
According to can with evacuation path variation be adjusted again.Such as someone the most short fire escape evacuated on path or staircase exist
It will become unavailable in short time, then plan new most short evacuation path in all available fire escapes, and be sent to evacuation people
In the hand-held evacuation equipment of member, and issue the prompt in change evacuation path.Since certain staircases in building may be gathered around
Stifled situation, staff size of the system server by the optimal evacuation path calculation module of evacuation personnel according to congestion, staircase
The predicted congestions time such as width data of entrance, and sell a part of personnel in congestion personnel rearward and can be used using adjacent
The decision of fire escape and staircase can reduce the congestion time in this way, reach the time used in all personnel's total evacuation
It is most short.
Hand-held evacuation equipment has three major functions: 1) when fire occurs for instructing holder to evacuate
It receives the warning note that system server issues and issues the signal for starting evacuation, 2) real-time position information of personnel passed through into signal
Transmission system is transferred to system server, and 3) it receives the instruction of evacuation direction and path that system server issues and shows
Come.
Signal transmission system sets fire generation detecting devices, fire data detecting devices, system server, hand-held evacuation
It is standby to connect, realize the transmission of information between these equipment.
Embodiment 1
The intelligent evacuation system of the present embodiment, including system server, evacuation path analysis module and optimal evacuation can be used
Path calculation module.System server stores architecture information；Detecting module occurs for fire by fire occurrence information and fire location
Information is sent to system server；Fire data detecting module is mounted on the position apart from the 2 meters of height in ground, by flue gas concentration and
Temperature information is sent to system server；System server obtains the location information of hand-held evacuation equipment, and sets to hand-held evacuation
Preparation, which is sent, starts evacuation and pre-alarming information；It according to above-mentioned fire and flue gas information can be used to that road will to be evacuated with evacuation path analysis module
Diameter is labeled as available evacuation path and unavailable evacuation path；Optimal evacuation path calculation module calculates optimal evacuation path, packet
Include: optimal evacuation path calculation module is spaced 10 seconds according to the hand-held evacuation updated using hand-held evacuation device location as starting point
Device location and available evacuation path constantly calculate, and algorithms selection is according to dijkstra's algorithm；System server obtains optimal dredge
The evacuation path that scattered path calculation module is calculated sends optimal evacuation path to hand-held evacuation equipment.Hand-held evacuation equipment
Guide evacuation path.
The optimal evacuation path calculation module is according to one section of optimal hand-held evacuation number of devices evacuated on path and institute
The predicted congestions times such as the capacity in optimal evacuation path are stated, send change evacuation road to the hand-held evacuation equipment of congestion position rearward
The optimal evacuation path of the hand-held evacuation equipment of position rearward is adjusted to adjacent emergency exit or staircase is corresponding by the prompt of diameter
Optimal evacuation path.
Embodiment 2
The intelligent evacuation system of the present embodiment, including system server, evacuation path analysis module and optimal evacuation can be used
Path calculation module.System server stores architecture information；Detecting module occurs for fire by fire occurrence information and fire location
Information is sent to system server；Fire data detecting module is mounted on the position apart from the 2 meters of height in ground, by flue gas concentration and
Temperature information is sent to system server；System server obtains the location information of hand-held evacuation equipment, and sets to hand-held evacuation
Preparation, which is sent, starts evacuation and pre-alarming information；It according to above-mentioned fire and flue gas information can be used to that road will to be evacuated with evacuation path analysis module
Diameter is labeled as available evacuation path and unavailable evacuation path；Optimal evacuation path calculation module calculates optimal evacuation path, packet
Include: optimal evacuation path calculation module is spaced 10 seconds according to the hand-held evacuation updated using hand-held evacuation device location as starting point
Device location and available evacuation path constantly calculate, and algorithms selection is according to dijkstra's algorithm；System server obtains optimal dredge
The evacuation path that scattered path calculation module is calculated sends optimal evacuation path to hand-held evacuation equipment.Hand-held evacuation equipment
Guide evacuation path.
The optimal evacuation path calculation module is according to one section of optimal hand-held evacuation number of devices evacuated on path and institute
The predicted congestions time t1 such as the capacity in optimal evacuation path are stated, optimal evacuation path calculation module calculates the hand of congestion position rearward
Evacuation equipment replacement is held to the adjacent evacuation time t2 for evacuating path, and compares the size of t1 and t2, as t1 > t2, to congestion
The hand-held evacuation equipment of position rearward sends the prompt in change evacuation path, and optimal by the hand-held evacuation equipment of position rearward is dredged
Scattered path is adjusted to adjacent emergency exit or the corresponding optimal evacuation path of staircase.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of method using the instruction evacuation of intelligent evacuation system, comprising:
System server stores architecture information；
System server obtains fire information and flue gas information；
Can will evacuate path tag with evacuation path analysis module is available evacuation path and unavailable evacuation path；
System server is sent to hand-held evacuation equipment starts evacuation and pre-alarming information；
System server obtains the location information of hand-held evacuation equipment；
Optimal evacuation path calculation module calculates optimal evacuation path, comprising: optimal evacuation path calculation module is with hand-held evacuation
Device location is starting point, and interval time constantly calculates according to the hand-held evacuation device location updated and available evacuation path；
Optimal evacuation path is sent to hand-held evacuation equipment with system server.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, optimal evacuation path calculation module calculates most according to shortest path first
Excellent evacuation path, it is preferred that the shortest path first is selected from dijkstra's algorithm, SPFA algorithm, Bellman-Ford and calculates
Method, Floyd algorithm, Floyd-Warshall algorithm, Johnson algorithm, A* algorithm, DAG nomography, PSP algorithm and isometric chart
One or more of algorithm, preferably dijkstra's algorithm, SPFA algorithm, bellman-ford algorithm and Floyd algorithm
One of.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optimal evacuation path calculation module is optimal thin according to one section
The hand-held evacuation number of devices on path and the capacity in the optimal evacuation path are dissipated, adjustment is located at the optimal evacuation path and leans on
The optimal evacuation path of the hand-held evacuation equipment of position afterwards, it is preferred that the optimal evacuation path calculation module is according to one section
The capacity predicted congestion time t1 of hand-held evacuation number of devices and the optimal evacuation path on optimal evacuation path, it is optimal to dredge
It dissipates path calculation module and calculates the hand-held evacuation equipment replacement of congestion position rearward to the adjacent evacuation time t2 for evacuating path, and
The size for comparing t1 and t2 sends mentioning for change evacuation path to the hand-held evacuation equipment of congestion position rearward as t1 > t2
Show.
4. method according to claim 1-3, wherein the interval time is 8~15 seconds；Preferably 10 seconds.
5. a kind of intelligent evacuation system, it is characterised in that: including system server, can with evacuation path analysis module and it is optimal dredge
Path calculation module is dissipated,
Wherein, the system server is used to obtain the location information of fire information, flue gas information and hand-held evacuation equipment；
It is described that evacuation path and unavailable evacuation path can be used for path tag will to be evacuated with evacuation path analysis module；
The optimal evacuation path is for calculating optimal evacuation path, comprising: using hand-held evacuation device location as starting point, and is spaced
The hand-held evacuation device location and available evacuation path that basis of time updates constantly calculate.
6. evacuating system according to claim 5, wherein the fire information includes fire occurrence information and fire location
Information.
7. evacuating system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein from fire detecting module occurs for the fire information.
8. evacuating system according to claim 7, wherein the fire occurs detecting module and is selected from smoke detector
Device, heat fire detector and/or optical flame fire detector.
9. according to the described in any item evacuating systems of claim 5-8, wherein the flue gas information include flue gas concentration data and
Temperature data.
10. according to the described in any item evacuating systems of claim 5-9, wherein the flue gas information is visited from fire data
Survey module.
11. evacuating system according to claim 10, wherein the fire data detecting module is apart from ground level
1.9~2.5 meters, preferably height is 2 meters.
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| CN201811242927.0A CN109118699A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Intelligent building evacuation system for fire escape and application method thereof |
| CN202111628322.7A CN114330877A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Intelligent building evacuation system for fire escape and application method thereof |
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| CN110415396A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-11-05 | 平安国际智慧城市科技股份有限公司 | Access control method, system, equipment and storage medium based on artificial intelligence |
| CN110516331A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Marine personnel's emergency escape departure time calculation method under a kind of fire condition |
| CN111369071A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 蒋慧灵 | Intelligent evacuation system and method based on evacuation time prediction and fire detection model |
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| CN112504262A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-16 | 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Method for navigating people in building floor, method and system for navigating people in multi-floor building |
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| CN114812559B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2024-09-03 | 青岛鼎信通讯消防安全有限公司 | Method and device for planning dynamic intelligent evacuation path of building |
| CN115545359B (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-05-09 | 北京科技大学 | Dynamic intelligent evacuation method and device for complex building fire |
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