CN1091139C

CN1091139C - Water-adding heavy oil additive with environmental protection, and energy-saving

Info

Publication number: CN1091139C
Application number: CN00104442A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李宇翔; 马趁; 李斌; 李智慧; 李琪琪
Original assignee: 李宇翔
Priority date: 2000-07-03
Filing date: 2000-07-03
Publication date: 2002-09-18
Anticipated expiration: 2020-07-03
Also published as: CN1282779A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a water-adding heavy oil additive with environmental protection and energy saving, which is widely applied to the fuel oil of industrial kilns and boilers, such as pulverized coal fired boilers glass kilns, etc. in metallurgy, building materials, machining, light industry, electricity generating ceramics, middle-speed and low-speed diesel engines, and electric plants., the present invention is composed of ampholytic surfactants, combustion promoters, stabilizers and non-ionic surfactants. The present invention can enable heavy oil to have 20% to 55% of water adding quantity and 20 to 35% of an oil saving ratio; the present invention has the advantages of long stabilization period, good sprayability, no corrosion, no pollution, high heat value, low cost, simple manufacturing process, easy use, broad prospect, environmental protection and energy saving.

Description

Environment-friendly energy-saving water-doped heavy oil additive

The invention belongs to an environment-friendly and energy-saving water-doped heavy oil additive.

The shortage of petroleum resources and energy sources are acknowledged by the world, and how to solve the energy source deficiency becomes a research subject of disputes among countries in the world. With the continuous, rapid and healthy development of economic construction in China, the contradiction between energy supply and demand becomes more prominent. Based on this idea, on the basis of a great deal of investigation, research, review and field investigation, the inventor finds that most of heavy oil water-blending additives have the defects of high cost, large using amount, small heavy oil water-blending amount, poor stability and difficult popularization. According to the phenomenon, through years of intensive research and development, the inventor develops a novel environment-friendly energy-saving water-doped heavy oil additive. Can make the water content of heavy oil reach 20-50%, and has the characteristics of stable performance, convenient use, low cost, high oil-saving rate, long storage period, no demulsification, complete combustion, no coking, no pollution, no corrosion to equipment and the like. Thereby solving the problems of poor fluidity, poor ignition property, incomplete combustion, environmental pollution and the like when heavy oil is used as fuel.

The invention is composed of amphoteric surfactant, combustion improver, stabilizer and non-ionic surfactant. The selected amphoteric surfactant is betaine, the combustion improver is kerosene, the stabilizer is glycerol, and the ionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether. The environment-friendly and energy-saving water-blended heavy oil additive is produced by stirring.

The invention relates to an environment-friendly energy-saving water-doped heavy oil additive, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

5-20% of amphoteric surfactant

20-35% of combustion improver

25-45% of stabilizer

20-40% of nonionic surfactant

Wherein:

the amphoteric surfactant is betaine

The combustion improver adopts kerosene

The stabilizer adopts glycerol

The nonionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether

The invention relates to a production process of an environment-friendly and energy-saving water-doped heavy oil additive, which comprises the following steps: adding the amphoteric surfactant, the combustion improver, the stabilizer and the nonionic surfactant into a stirring tank according to the proportion at normal temperature and normal pressure, and stirring for 5-10 minutes to obtain the environment-friendly and energy-saving water-blended heavy oil additive.

The additive of the invention comprises the following raw materials in the formula: the amphoteric surfactant and the nonionic surfactant can be well coordinated and distributed on an oil-water interface, the lipophilic group extends to an oil phase, and the hydrophilic group extends to a water phase, so that the surface tension between oil and water is reduced. The stabilizer is added to disperse water in heavy oil to form water-in-oil microparticles of 0.5 micron size, so as to form an emulsifying system. Because the moisture in the high-temperature oil droplets is vaporized and rapidly expands, the water-in-oil particles explode by adding the combustion improver to generate so-called secondary atomization, so that the oil mist becomes finer and more uniformly mixed with air to achieve complete combustion, and the combustion efficiency is improved. Instead of using water as a bulking agent, the properties of water are changed and added to heavy oil, and during the combustion process, "water" participates in the combustion, and releases energy, that is, the chemical energy of oil is sufficiently released. Since such an emulsion system can be sufficiently combusted under a condition of low excess oxygen and the amount of air required for combustion can be reduced, the amount of smoke discharged from a furnace can be reduced and the heat loss of the discharged smoke can be reduced. Carbon is generated by pyrolysis of hydrocarbon fuel in the combustion process, water can participate in the combustion reaction of the hydrocarbon fuel, and then water vapor and the carbon react with water gas at high temperature: thereby reducing carbon in the flame. The water gas continuously participates in combustion to release energy, the phenomena of incomplete combustion of heavy oil, residual carbon coking, nozzle blockage, hearth bonding and furnace door bonding can be prevented, the content of oxygen-sulfur compounds and oxygen-nitrogen compounds in the smoke is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced. Meanwhile, the combustion improver can improve the heating degree of water, so that the decomposition of the water is accelerated, and the heat is increased to promote the water to be converted into fuel through the water gas effect.

The environmental-friendly and energy-saving water-doped heavy oil additive is proved to be used in more than ten enterprises such as Tianjin steel mills, Daqing energy-saving fuel plants, China and foreign joint Jiangxi decoration and building materials limited companies, Hebei Bazhou steel mills and the like (the proportion of the used amount is 70 percent of heavy oil, 30 percent of water and 0.3 percent of additive, and the oil saving rate reaches 28 percent) through practical application in recent years, and compared with the prior art, the additive has the following remarkable advantages:

firstly, the additive can ensure that the water-doped heavy oil has long stable period and stably keeps oil and water from separating for three years.

Secondly, the water adding rate of the heavy oil is high, 20-50% of water can be added generally, the dosage of the additive is only 0.2-0.8%, and the oil saving rate reaches 20-35%.

Thirdly, the water-doped heavy oil added with the additive (1) has no corrosion to equipment, the temperature of a hearth rises quickly, no coking is generated, the cost is low, and the heat value is high. (2) The combustion performance is excellent, all technical indexes reach or are equivalent to those of pure heavy oil, and certain technologies are superior to the pure heavy oil and are suitable for various combustion furnaces. (3) The operation performance is the same as that of pure heavy oil, and the equipment does not need to be modified. (4) When the oil temperature is in the boiler combustion at 100-130 ℃, water doped in the oil is not evaporated, and flames are bright. (5) Can be mixed with pure heavy oil, and is not limited by proportion. The temperature of the glass kiln can be satisfied to be 1600 ℃, no pollution is caused, and the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved.

Fourthly, the additive has simple process, less investment, quick effect, easy operation, rich raw materials, no toxicity and no corrosion.

The environment-friendly energy-saving water-blended heavy oil additive is added into heavy oil and water in proportion to prepare water-blended heavy oil. In 1998, the detection of energy-saving quality inspection stations in Henan province and China institute of petrochemical engineering and science, the detection report shows that: (1) when 40% of heavy oil, 40% of diesel oil, 20% of water and 0.3% of additive are added, the heat value reaches 10000 kcal, the oil saving rate reaches 20%, and the fuel is equivalent to 20# heavy diesel oil, wherein some indexes are superior to 20# heavy diesel oil. (2) When 70% of heavy oil is added with 30% of water and 0.3% of additive is added, the heat value reaches 9200 kilocalories, and the oil saving rate reaches 28%. CO, HC, SO in flue gas₂And the content is reduced by 70 percent. These show that the development and utilization of new energy sources and the huge economic, social and environmental benefits brought by the additive are immeasurable.

The following is detailed in conjunction with the examples (wherein the amounts are in weight percent):

best mode for carrying out the invention example 1

10 percent of amphoteric surfactant

30 percent of combustion improver

35 percent of stabilizing agent

Nonionic surfactant 25%

Best mode for carrying out the invention

15 percent of amphoteric surfactant

25 percent of combustion improver

28 percent of stabilizing agent

Nonionic surfactant 32%

The two embodiments have the same operation process and conditions, and the environment-friendly and energy-saving water-blended heavy oil additive can be obtained by sequentially stirring the raw materials in the formula in a stirrer for 5-10 minutes at normal temperature and normal pressure.

Claims

1. An environment-friendly energy-saving water-doped heavy oil additive is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:

5 to 20 percent of betaine

20-35% of kerosene

25-45% of glycerol

20-40% of polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether

2. The environment-friendly energy-saving water-blended heavy oil additive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the contents (weight percentage) of the components are as follows:

10 to 25 percent of betaine

25-35% of kerosene

28-40% of glycerol

25-35% of polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether

3. The preparation method of the environment-friendly energy-saving water-blended heavy oil additive is characterized in that the raw materials in the formula are poured into a stirring container in sequence and stirred for 5-10 minutes at normal temperature and normal pressure.