CN109112071B - Trichoderma and application thereof - Google Patents

Trichoderma and application thereof Download PDF

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CN109112071B
CN109112071B CN201810935616.6A CN201810935616A CN109112071B CN 109112071 B CN109112071 B CN 109112071B CN 201810935616 A CN201810935616 A CN 201810935616A CN 109112071 B CN109112071 B CN 109112071B
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陈杰
袁静
黄晓慧
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Abstract

The invention discloses trichoderma and application thereof. The Trichoderma of the invention is Trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) and has the strain number: HTTA-Z0002 with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 15677. The trichoderma can be applied to plant disease control, bacteriostasis and pesticides. The strain has stable biological characteristics and pesticide activity, is easy to culture, has short culture period and simple and feasible operation method, has greatly improved antibacterial activity and conidium production in liquid culture compared with wild strains, overcomes the disadvantage of low spore production in liquid culture of trichoderma strains, has no pollution to agricultural products and environment, and has wide and strong inhibiting effect on various pathogenic bacteria of plants.

Description

Trichoderma and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to trichoderma and application thereof in pesticides.
Background
The problem of pollution of chemical pesticides in cultivated plants is a hot point of global concern. The problem is more prominent with the increasing popularization of the technology for cultivating vegetables and fruits in facilities. The high-temperature and high-humidity environment of the greenhouse meets the requirements of people on vegetables and fruits in four seasons, and diseases are caused to seriously occur in different seasons. The excessive amount of pesticides and hormones causes serious pollution to vegetables and melons and fruits, and the toxicity and potential carcinogenic effect of the pesticides and hormones form a serious threat to human health. The biological pesticide meets the requirements of modern society on agricultural production and pesticides by virtue of the outstanding advantages of safety and good environmental compatibility to non-target organisms.
Among all biological resources, microorganisms become the preferred resource for pesticide development due to the characteristics of rapid propagation, low cost and easy modification of wild strains, thereby rapidly improving the yield. At present, the microbial pesticide sales amount reaches hundreds of millions of dollars, and annual output value rises by 10-20% every year. In order to solve the current situation that the characters of new pesticides obtained by terrestrial microorganisms are reduced day by day, new resources of extreme marine microorganisms are concerned. The extremely unique geographical position forms natural environments such as high salt, extremely cold, strong ultraviolet radiation and the like, leads to various adaptive survival of organisms, has unique molecular biological mechanism and physiological and biochemical characteristics, and generates novel metabolic substances which can be utilized by human beings.
The salinized soil in China is serious, the salinized soil occupies 1/3 of cultivated land, the salinized soil is still utilized by people to plant salt-tolerant crops in view of the characteristic of more people and less land, the microbial pesticide developed at home and abroad at present is difficult to survive and colonize in the soil with higher salt content because the biocontrol bacteria are from land, the prevention and control effect of soil-borne diseases in the salinized land is poor, and the function of the biocontrol bacteria on the land is limited due to the habitat. The high-salinity original habitat of the marine microorganisms can play a role in saline soil more easily, and the habitat advantages of the marine microorganisms are shown in the field of new pesticide development.
The living bacteria preparation of the biological pesticide is a product with short relative development period, relatively less capital requirement and complete pesticide function. The registered land microbial live bacteria preparation accounts for a large proportion of biological pesticides and plays an important role in the control of plant diseases. In order to better utilize the pesticide strain by human beings and produce the pesticide strain industrially, the strain needs to meet the condition that the pesticide activity and the production fermentation character both reach the standard, and after the microbial strain is obtained through various screening models, mutation breeding is usually carried out, and if the operation is successful, the economic value can be improved by hundreds of times or even thousands of times on the basis of the wild strain. The liquid fermentation of the microorganisms is the basis for embodying low cost and easy industrial production, but the trichoderma has less spore production in liquid culture, the solid culture restricts large-scale production, and the viable bacteria preparation of the trichoderma strain is conidium, namely the quantity of the conidium is in direct proportion to the drug effect.
The invention mainly aims at the most important bacteriostatic activity and spore yield characteristic of liquid culture of trichoderma pesticide strains, and the strain HTTA-Z0002 obtained by mutation breeding has excellent and broad-spectrum bacteriostatic characteristics on pathogenic bacteria with larger plant hazard and also has good characteristics of artificial fermentation culture production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide trichoderma and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
A Trichoderma fungus selected from Trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) having a strain number of: HTTA-Z0002 with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 15677.
The Trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) is preserved in the common microorganism center of China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC), and the preservation address is as follows: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North; the preservation date is 2018, 5 months and 17 days.
The application of the trichoderma in preventing and treating plant diseases.
Further, the plant disease includes one of early blight of eggplant (Alternaia solani), gray mold of tomato (Botrytis cinerea), late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans), gibberellic disease of wheat (Fusarium graminearum), rust disease of soybean (hakopsora pachyrhizi), leaf spot disease of wheat (Zymospyrori tritci), blight of sweet melon (Muskmelon blight), and powdery mildew of Cabbage (Cabbage powdery mildew mile). The trichoderma strain has good broad-spectrum control effect on the diseases, particularly has 100 percent of control effect on wheat scab, 80.1 to 87.9 percent of control effect on tomato gray mold, 52.5 percent of treatment effect after serious disease attack, 68.87 to 72.26 percent of control effect on sweet melon fusarium wilt and 59.49 to 60.76 percent of control effect on cabbage powdery mildew, and has better effect than the traditional chemical agents.
The trichoderma can be used for bacteriostasis.
Further, the Trichoderma has an inhibitory effect on one or more of Pyricularia oryzae (Pyricularia oryzae), Alternaria solani (Alternaria solani), Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum), Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis cinerea), Verticillium dahliae (Verticillium dahliae), Blastomyces spp (Cladosporum fulvum), Phytophthora capsici (Phytophtora capsici), Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani), Trichoderma reesei (Fusarium graminearum), and Sclerotina sclerotiorum (Sclerotina sclerotiorum). The gene detection of the trichoderma asperellum HTTA-Z0002 strain proves that the strain has key genes for synthesizing the chitinase and the antibacterial peptide, namely, the antibacterial peptide and the chitinase are generated to inhibit pathogenic fungi, the trichoderma asperellum HTTA-Z0002 strain has strong and broad-spectrum bacteriostasis on the 10 common and seriously harmful plant pathogenic fungi in agriculture, the bacteriostasis circle is more than 30mm, and the bacteriostasis rate reaches 79.0-95.4%.
A pesticide comprising the trichoderma.
The culture method of trichoderma comprises culturing the strain on a solid MPDA culture medium at 20-23 deg.C for 3-5 days, and shake culturing the mycelia in a liquid MPDA culture medium for 5-7 days. Shake culturing for 3-7 days.
Further, the solid MPDA medium consists of the following raw materials: 250ml of potato extract, 1-2g of peptone, 25-30g of glucose, 5-8g of NaCl and MgCl2·6H20.1-0.3g of O, 0.1g of KCl, 18g of agar and 1000ml of water. The strain is easy to artificially culture, grows well on an MPDA culture medium, and the culture medium material is low in price and easy to obtain; the strain grows vigorously on an MPDA artificial culture medium, a spore-forming layer and a conidiophor are dense like a felt shape, a green color or a white color, the conidiophor has a diaphragm, lateral branches are generated, the branches are vertically opposite, the base is wider, the tail end is thinner and is in a bottle shape, a conidiophor is single-spore, spherical to oval shape and colorless, and a more obvious conidiophor group is formed at the tip.
The invention has the following characteristics:
1) the Trichoderma asperellum obtained by the invention has simple artificial culture method, low culture material price and easy obtainment.
2) The Trichoderma asperellum obtained by the invention has the characteristics of higher antibacterial activity, conidium production in liquid culture and the like compared with the wild strain, overcomes the disadvantage of low spore production in liquid culture of Trichoderma strains, and has the maximum spore production of 4.25 multiplied by 108cfu/cm2
3) Trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) has strong and broad-spectrum bacteriostatic action on common and seriously harmful plant pathogenic fungi in agriculture, and simultaneously has good control action on related plant diseases, and the control effect is obviously superior to that of the traditional chemical agents.
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FIG. 1 is a graph of related branching trees.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are further illustrative of the methods and techniques provided by the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention thereto.
1. Classification and identification of trichoderma strains
Trichoderma asperellum HTTA-Z0002 strain in solid MPDA culture medium (potato extract 200 ml, peptone 1-2g, glucose 25-30g, NaCl 5-8g, MgCl26H20.1-0.3g of O, 0.1g of KCl and 1000ml of agar 18g of water), culturing for 3-5 days at 20-23 ℃, continuously observing and recording changes of colony morphology, color and the like, and selecting hyphae to observe sporulation structure under an optical microscope. The strain grows vigorously on an MPDA artificial culture medium, a spore-forming layer and a conidiophor are dense like a felt shape, a green color or a white color, the conidiophor has a diaphragm, lateral branches are generated, the branches are vertically opposite, the base is wider, the tail end is thinner and is in a bottle shape, a conidiophor is single-spore, spherical to oval shape and colorless, and a more obvious conidiophor group is formed at the tip.
The strains were cultured as described above, sequenced by PCR amplification products using universal primers for fungal ITS genes by conventional methods, and compared by the BLAST program of NCBI, sequence homology was analyzed and affinity tree-branching was made to compare closely related species (see FIG. 1). The strain is identified to be Trichoderma asperellum by combining the biological colony morphology, color and microscopic structure of spore-forming structure and molecular biological information of the strain and referring to relevant Trichoderma classification and identification monographs at home and abroad.
2. Mutation breeding of trichoderma strains
The trichoderma strains screened out by multiple pesticide activity tests are subjected to conventional ultraviolet-microwave composite mutagenesis, monoclonal colonies with vigorous growth are selected, Alternaria solani is used as a pathogen target bacterium, the antibacterial activity is tested by adopting a confrontation culture method, and the antibacterial rate is calculated:the inhibition rate (%) (control group target colony diameter-treatment group target colony diameter)/control group target colony diameter is multiplied by 100%, and compared with inhibition rate of wild strain, the strain whose inhibition rate is raised by above 25% is selected, firstly the strain whose inhibition rate is raised by above 25% is cultured for 5 days by using solid MPDA culture medium, then the strain whose growth is abnormal is eliminated, then the liquid MPDA is inoculated, and respectively cultured for 7 days at 20 deg.C, 23 deg.C and 25 deg.C, the microscopically counted and compared its spore-producing quantity, the strain whose spore-producing quantity is raised by 50% is selected, and the selected strain is continuously cultured for 5 generations in liquid, and the above-mentioned test methods of identical activity and spore-producing quantity are adopted to observe its stability for inhibiting bacteria and producing spores, and finally the selected HTTA-Z0002 trichoderma strain whose inhibition rate is raised by 67.2% compared with wild strain and maximum spore-8cfu/cm2Compared with wild bacteria, the yield is improved by 150.7 percent.
3. Laboratory plant in-vitro bacteriostatic activity test and gene verification test
The strain HTTA-Z0002 is cultured in MPDA medium for 7 days by adopting the same confronting culture method to treat 10 common and seriously harmful plant pathogenic fungi: pyricularia oryzae, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Verticillium dahliae, Cladosporum fulvum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia rhizogenes solani, Fusarium graminum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Rhizoctonia cerealis, the sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Sclerotina sclerotiorum) are tested for bacteriostatic activity and the bacteriostatic rate is calculated. The sequences of Trichoderma beta-1, 4-acetylglucosaminidase gene Nag1 and Peptaibols synthetase gene Tex1 were searched at NCBI (http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /), the corresponding primers JDZ-F/JDZ-R, KJT-F/KJT-R, JDZ-F (5'-CAGAACCGAATCCAGAGC-3')/JDZ-R (5'-GAAGGAGTGTAGACGAGC-3') were designed by using Premier 5.0, and the characteristics of the strains that produce bacteriostatic activity were verified by PCR amplification using the following routine method, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 HTTA-Z0002 bacteriostatic activity against phytopathogens
Figure BDA0001767751640000051
Note that: t1, performing a confrontation culture test, wherein the activity of the strain is represented by the size of an inhibition zone, and the inhibition activity is strong when the inhibition zone is more than 30 mm; t2 inhibition of pathogenic bacteria (control colony radius-treatment colony radius)/control colony radius × 100% phytopathogen: and Po: pyricularia oryzae; as: alternaria salani; fo: fusarium oxysporum; bc is Botrytis cinerea; vd is Verticillium dahliae; cf is Cladosporium fulvum; pc is Phytophthora capsicii; rs is Rhizoctonia solani; fg: fusarium graminearum; ss is Sclerotina sclerotiorum.
As can be seen from the data in the table above, the Trichoderma HTTA-Z0002 strain has good bacteriostatic effect on 10 common and seriously harmful pathogenic fungi in agriculture, in the confrontation culture method, the activity on pathogenic bacteria can be strongly inhibited, the bacteriostatic circle is more than 30mm, the bacteriostatic rate reaches 79.0-95.4%, the bacteriostatic activity is strong, and the Trichoderma HTTA-Z0002 strain has the potential of developing new bactericides. The Nag1 gene and the Tex1 gene are amplified from HTTA-Z0002 strain through PCR, and characteristic bands are respectively about 800bp and 250bp, which indicates that the strain has key genes for synthesizing chitinase and antibacterial peptide, and can inhibit pathogenic fungi by generating the antibacterial peptide and the chitinase.
4. Disease test for living plant (plant pot experiment and field plot experiment)
The test of preventing and controlling diseases of plant living body is carried out by conventional method, potted plant seedling is cultured to 3-4 true leaves, seedling for each potting experiment is not less than 60, and field plot experiment plot area is 25m2In the field salinized soil plot control test, the salinized soil is selected from natural salinized cultivated land near the sea, chloride salt is about 0.2-0.3%, the potted salinized soil adopts artificial salinized soil, each treatment is not less than 3 times, inoculation attack or natural attack is carried out, trichoderma viable spore diluent is used for control, the traditional pesticide commonly used for controlling the disease in agricultural production is used as a positive control, sterile fermentation liquor with the same concentration is used as a blank control, the disease condition is investigated after 6-7 days, and the control effect is calculated.
TABLE 1 control of Botrytis cinerea of potted tomatoes by HTTA-Z0002 Strain
Figure BDA0001767751640000061
TABLE 2 control of tomato gray mold in plots in the field by HTTA-Z0002 Strain
Figure BDA0001767751640000062
Figure BDA0001767751640000071
Note: diluting the solution by 200 times.
TABLE 3 field plot efficacy of salinized soil HTTA-Z0002 on sweet melon wilt
Figure BDA0001767751640000072
Note: and (5) diluting the solution by 300 times.
TABLE 4 field plot drug effect of saline soil HTTA-Z0002 on cabbage powdery mildew
Figure BDA0001767751640000073
Note: and (5) diluting the solution by 300 times.
The data in tables 1-4 prove that the trichoderma HTTA-Z0002 strain common soil pot culture or field plot can prevent and treat the botrytis cinerea, the prevention and treatment effects respectively reach 80.1% -87.9%, the treatment effect after the disease is serious is 52.5%, the prevention and treatment effects of salinized soil on the sweet melon fusarium wilt and the cabbage powdery mildew which are difficult to control by chemical agents can reach 68.87% -72.26% and 59.49% -60.76%, and the results are better than the results of the traditional chemical agents
5. Third party verification results
In order to confirm the pesticide potential of the strain by a third party, BASF performs multiple plant disease control test verifications on the 2 strains in germany and provides control results on the premise that the two parties sign a privacy agreement on the strains during the cooperation with the BASF in germany. Diseases for BASF test include: alternaia solani early blight; tomato gray mold Botrytis cinerea; potato late blight Phytophthora infestans, wheat scab Fusarium graminearum; soybean rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi; wheat leaf spot Zymosepitia tritci.
TABLE 5 bioassay results in Germany from BASF corporation
Figure BDA0001767751640000081
The results prove that HTTA-Z0002 Trichoderma asperellum has good broad-spectrum control effect on the diseases, and particularly has good control effect on wheat scab Fusarium graminearum up to 100%. Given the well-known degree of BASF corporation in Germany in the world of pesticide development and development, their results were the best validation of the pesticide potential of the strain Trichoderma HTTA-Z0002.
Therefore, the good pesticide potential of the strain is verified in various aspects such as plant in-vitro test, living body test, pot culture test, field plot test, third party verification and the like.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A Trichoderma fungus, wherein the Trichoderma fungus is Trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum: (A)Trichoderma asperellum) Bacteria, strain number: HTTA-Z0002 with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 15677.
2. The method for culturing trichoderma according to claim 1, wherein the trichoderma strain is cultured on a solid MPDA medium at a temperature of 20 ℃ to 23 ℃ for 3 to 5 days, and the mycelium is shake-cultured on a liquid MPDA medium for 5 to 7 days.
3. The method for culturing trichoderma as defined in claim 2, wherein said solid MPDA medium consists of the following raw materials: 250ml of potato extract, 1-2g of peptone, 25-30g of glucose, 5-8g of NaCl and MgCl2·6H20.1-0.3g of O, 0.1g of KCl, 18g of agar and 1000ml of water.
4. Use of a trichoderma as defined in claim 1 for controlling plant diseases, including phytophthora infestans (a) and (b) in the control of plant diseasesPhytophthora infestans) Resulting late blight of potatoGibberella sp(Fusarium graminearum)Resulting wheat scabWheat leaf blight bacterium(Zymoseptoria tritici)Caused leaf spot of wheat and fusarium wilt of muskmelon: (Muskmelon blight) The resulting blight of sweet melon, powdery mildew of cabbage: (Cabbage powdery mildew) One of the resulting powdery mildew of cabbage.
5. Use of a trichoderma as defined in claim 1, for combating fungi, characterized in that said trichoderma is a pyricularia oryzae(Pyricularia oryzae)Alternaria solani, Alternaria solani(Alternaria salani)Fusarium sp(Fusarium oxysporrum)Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis cinerea)(Botrytis cinerea)Verticillium dahliae(Verticillium dahliae)Fungus of bud(Cladosporium fulvum)Phytophthora capsici(Phytophthora capsici)Rhizoctonia solani(Rhizoctonia solani)Gibberellin, gibberellin(Fusarium graminearum)Sclerotium bacteria(Sclerotina sclerotiorum)Has an inhibitory effect.
6. A pesticide comprising the trichoderma as defined in claim 1.
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