CN109107500B - 一种铜/石墨烯核壳结构的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种铜/石墨烯核壳结构的制备方法。将铜纳米颗粒/铜纳米球放入CVD管式炉中,在氢气和氩气混合气氛下,通入碳源,在铜纳米颗粒/铜纳米球表面生长石墨烯,形成初始核壳结构;将初始核壳结构放入尺寸相当的石墨烯分散液中,搅拌,得到铜/石墨烯核壳结构。本发明所述方法得到的铜/石墨烯核壳结构可有效保护纳米铜,增加了复合材料的弹性与韧性,石墨烯与铜结合牢固,步骤简单,污染少,适于工业或实验室操作。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新材料制备领域,尤其涉及一种铜/石墨烯核壳结构的制备方法。
背景技术
金、银和铂族金属资源有限且价格昂贵,制约了其大规模地推广与应用,资源丰富且较为廉价的铜纳米颗粒被视为贵金属纳米颗粒理想的替代者。铜纳米颗粒用作热氢发生器、凝胶推进剂、燃烧活性剂、催化剂、水清洁吸附剂、烧结活性剂等,纳米铜中的铜原子虽然和普通铜的铜原子一样,不改变物质状态,但是纳米铜颗粒很小,呈现的化学性质较普通铜更为活泼,颗粒易团聚,露出在空气中时很容易在表面形成氧化膜,不宜长时间保存,导致铜纳米颗粒在实际应用中受到很大的限制。
使用石墨烯包裹铜纳米颗粒可避免纳米铜表面氧化膜的形成,且石墨烯包覆铜纳米颗粒核壳结构复合材料的催化效率比贵金属纳米颗粒提高很多,也可制备成导电墨水取代银墨水,应用于触摸屏、显示屏等领域。中国发明专利(CN201410690635.9)《一种纳米铜/石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法与应用》与中国发明专利(CN201310068516.5)《石墨烯基纳米铜润滑油添加剂的制备方法》制备的纳米铜/石墨烯复合材料具有物相单一、形貌可控、负载量可控、纳米铜粒径小且均匀分布在石墨烯纳米层表面等特点,但是并不能形成核壳结构,对纳米铜进行持久有效地保护。曲良体等利用铜纳米颗粒的还原性和氧化石墨烯的氧化性,采用一步法在铜纳米颗粒表面制备2-3nm厚度的石墨烯层,石墨烯表面丰富的π-π键有利于捕捉反应分子,同时,石墨烯具有高的电子迁移率,利于加速反应的进程,其石墨烯壳层还可以保护铜纳米颗粒不被氧化,保持了高的稳定性,但是此方法利用胶体晶体为模板,且需要经过磁控溅射与高温退火处理,方法复杂且耗能耗时,需要寻求更为便捷有效廉价的方法。
发明内容
提出了一种铜/石墨烯核壳结构的制备方法。化学气相沉积法(CVD)可在平整的铜箔表面生长大面积的石墨烯,作为衬底的铜箔会被腐蚀掉;CVD法也可在崎岖不平的泡沫铜表面生长石墨烯,借助泡沫铜基底的三维多孔骨架,生长体表面积大、质量轻的三维石墨烯,泡沫铜也会被腐蚀掉。本发明在铜纳米颗粒/铜纳米球表面直接生长单层/多层石墨烯,或者包裹不完全且不连续的石墨烯小片层/量子点,单层石墨烯/多层石墨烯/不连续的石墨烯小片层/石墨烯量子点与铜纳米颗粒/铜纳米球的结合非常牢固,克服了其他方法中石墨烯与铜颗粒复合不均匀与联结不牢固的缺点;进一步利用在溶液中石墨烯片层可相互贴合叠加的特性,溶液中的石墨烯片与紧紧依附在铜纳米颗粒/铜纳米球外部的石墨烯/石墨烯量子点不停地叠加,形成多层石墨烯外壳。由于石墨烯片层叠加过程中错位与边界的存在,导致石墨烯外壳中存在褶皱,既增加了复合材料的弹性与韧性,也可防止铜纳米颗粒的膨胀导致石墨烯外壳不能完全覆盖铜颗粒。需要注意的是,溶液中的用于叠加的石墨烯尺寸要尽量与铜纳米颗粒尺寸相当,才能倾向于形成包覆的核壳结构,而不是铜纳米颗粒均匀分散在大片层的石墨烯表面上。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种铜/石墨烯核壳结构的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将铜纳米颗粒/铜纳米球放入CVD管式炉中,在氢气和氩气混合气氛下,通入碳源,在铜纳米颗粒/铜纳米球表面生长石墨烯,形成初始核壳结构;
(2)将初始核壳结构放入尺寸相当的石墨烯分散液中,搅拌,得到铜/石墨烯核壳结构。
步骤(1)中的铜纳米颗粒/铜纳米球的尺寸为10-1000nm。
步骤(1)中的氢气和氩气的流速为100-200sccm,碳源为乙炔、甲烷或乙烯,碳源流速为5-10sccm,生长温度为750-1000℃。
步骤(2)中的尺寸相当的石墨烯指石墨烯的尺寸与初始核壳结构的直径比值控制在10-0.5。
步骤(2)中的石墨烯分散液中溶剂为水、乙醇、乙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、醛类、有机酸、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、氯苯、二氯苯中的一种或者混合物,石墨烯分散液的浓度为0.01-5mg/mL。
步骤(2)中的搅拌转速为60-1500r/min,时间为0.5-24h。
本发明具有如下优势:
(1)本发明所述方法得到的铜/石墨烯核壳结构可有效保护纳米铜,增加了复合材料的弹性与韧性。
(2)本发明所述方法制备的核壳结构中石墨烯与铜结合牢固。
(3)本发明所述方法步骤简单,污染少,适于工业或实验室操作。
附图说明
图1为本发明方法实施例1使用石墨烯的透射电镜图。
图2为本发明方法实施例1使用石墨烯的拉曼图。
图3为本发明方法实施例1制备铜/石墨烯核壳结构的透射电镜图。
图4为本发明方法实施例1制备铜/石墨烯核壳结构的X射线衍射图。
具体实施方式
为便于理解本发明,本发明列举实施例如下。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅用于帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1
(1)将0.1g尺寸为100-200nm的铜纳米球放入CVD管式炉中,氢气和氩气的流速为100sccm,乙炔流速5sccm,温度为1000℃,时间为45min,形成初始核壳结构。
(2)将10mg尺寸为100-1000nm石墨烯粉末超声分散于20mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,超声1h。
(3)结束超声后,迅速将初始核壳结构加入溶液中,搅拌1h,得到铜/石墨烯核壳结构。
图1为本实施例使用石墨烯的透射电镜图。
图2为本实施例使用石墨烯的拉曼图。
图3为本实施例制备铜/石墨烯核壳结构的透射电镜图。
图4为本实施例制备铜/石墨烯核壳结构的X射线衍射图,其中铜的峰位明显,26°附近没有石墨的峰,证明石墨烯因为纳米铜的分隔作用,没有团聚叠加成层与层规则排布的石墨。
实施例2
(1)将0.1g尺寸为200-400nm的铜纳米球放入CVD管式炉中,氢气和氩气的流速为100sccm,乙炔流速5sccm,温度为1000℃,时间为45min,形成初始核壳结构。
(2)将10mg尺寸为200-2000nm石墨烯粉末超声分散于20mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,超声1h。
(3)结束超声后,迅速将初始核壳结构加入溶液中,搅拌1h,得到铜/石墨烯核壳结构。
实施例3
(1)将0.1g尺寸为100-200nm的铜纳米球放入CVD管式炉中,氢气和氩气的流速为100sccm,乙烯流速5sccm,温度为1000℃,时间为45min,形成初始核壳结构。
(2)将10mg尺寸为100-1000nm石墨烯粉末超声分散于20mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,超声1h。
(3)结束超声后,迅速将初始核壳结构加入溶液中,搅拌1h,得到铜/石墨烯核壳结构。
实施例4
(1)将0.1g尺寸为100-200nm的铜纳米球放入CVD管式炉中,氢气和氩气的流速为100sccm,乙炔流速5sccm,温度为1000℃,时间为45min,形成初始核壳结构。
(2)将10mg尺寸为100-1000nm石墨烯粉末超声分散于20mL二甲基乙酰胺,超声2h。
(3)结束超声后,迅速将初始核壳结构加入溶液中,搅拌1h,得到铜/石墨烯核壳结构。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细工艺设备和工艺流程,但本发明并不局限于上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种铜/石墨烯核壳结构的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将铜纳米球放入CVD管式炉中,在氢气和氩气混合气氛下,通入碳源,在铜纳米球表面生长石墨烯,形成初始核壳结构,核壳结构外部为单层石墨烯、多层石墨烯、不连续的石墨烯小片层或者石墨烯量子点;
(2)将初始核壳结构放入尺寸为铜纳米球直径0.5-10倍的石墨烯的分散液中,搅拌,单层石墨烯、多层石墨烯、不连续的石墨烯小片层或者石墨烯量子点作为复合中介,牢牢抓住内部铜核心,利用石墨烯自身叠加的特性,吸引溶液中的石墨烯得到铜/石墨烯核壳结构,铜/石墨烯核壳结构具有多层石墨烯外壳,石墨烯外壳中存在褶皱,增加了复合材料的弹性与韧性,也可防止铜纳米球的膨胀导致石墨烯外壳不能完全覆盖铜纳米球的弊端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的铜纳米球的尺寸为10-1000nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的氢气和氩气的流速为100-200sccm,碳源为乙炔、甲烷或乙烯,碳源流速为5-10sccm,生长温度为750-1000℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中的石墨烯分散液中溶剂为水、乙醇、乙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、醛类、有机酸、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、氯苯、二氯苯中的一种或者混合物,石墨烯分散液的浓度为0.01-5mg/mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中的搅拌转速为60-1500r/min,时间为0.5-24h。
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