CN109103925B - Photovoltaic power generation-based microgrid - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power generation-based microgrid Download PDFInfo
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- CN109103925B CN109103925B CN201810857141.3A CN201810857141A CN109103925B CN 109103925 B CN109103925 B CN 109103925B CN 201810857141 A CN201810857141 A CN 201810857141A CN 109103925 B CN109103925 B CN 109103925B
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H02J3/385—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation-based microgrid, which comprises a DC-DC converter 1, wherein the input end of the DC-DC converter 1 is connected with a photovoltaic module, the output end of the DC-DC converter 1 is sequentially connected with a multifunctional grid-connected inverter, a circuit breaker S1, a circuit breaker S2 and a power distribution network, an energy storage branch consisting of a bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 and an energy storage battery which are connected in series is connected on a direct current bus between the DC-DC converter 1 and the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, a direct current load branch is connected on the direct current bus between the energy storage branch and the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, and an alternating current load branch is connected between the circuit breaker S1 and the circuit breaker S2; the multifunctional grid-connected inverter adopts a double closed-loop feedback control system of direct-current side voltage and alternating-current side current. Reactive power in the alternating current load and instantaneous power sent by the photovoltaic module are collected, an inner loop of the command current is used for actively adjusting active power and reactive power of a power grid access point, and therefore the power grid is beneficial to stabilizing the power grid and improving economic power utilization of users.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-grids, in particular to a micro-grid based on photovoltaic power generation.
Background
Solar energy has the advantages of no pollution, wide distribution, large storage capacity, reproducibility and the like, and the existing solar power generation mainly comprises an off-grid type power generation mode and a grid-connected power generation mode. The grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system is composed of a photovoltaic component, a grid-connected inverter and a grid-connected switch connected to the side of a power grid, wherein the photovoltaic component converts solar energy into direct current electric energy to be connected to the direct current side of the grid-connected inverter, the direct current side electric energy is converted into alternating current electric energy to be fed into the power grid through double closed loop control of the direct current side voltage grid side current of the inverter, the electric energy emitted by the photovoltaic component is influenced by conditions such as illumination, environment temperature and humidity, the output power of the photovoltaic component has strong randomness and volatility, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter generally has a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) link, the energy fed into the power grid by the inverter also has large randomness and fluctuation characteristics, the photovoltaic component can be equivalent to an uncontrollable current source relative to the grid-connected inverter, and when a large number of photovoltaic distributed power sources are connected to the power grid, the operation and control of the power grid can be badly influenced. At present, the specifications and standards related to the grid-connected operation of the distributed power generation adopt more limitations on the distributed power generation so as to reduce the impact on a public power grid, and the full play of the distributed photovoltaic power generation is also limited.
A storage battery energy storage link is introduced into a photovoltaic system to form a light storage system, the system charges a storage battery with direct current electric energy generated by a photovoltaic module through a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and meets the basic power requirement of a user alternating load, and the basic energy management idea is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly meeting the load of a local alternating current load, maintaining the safe charge state of a storage battery, and then surfing the internet with the residual electricity, so as to reduce the impact of photovoltaic on a power grid as much as possible, wherein the charge-discharge state and the working current of the storage battery can be adjusted according to the state of the power grid, the control mode of the photovoltaic inverter is still limited to a mode of passively converting photovoltaic energy into alternating current electric energy to be fed into the power grid, active and reactive adjustment cannot be actively carried out on a power grid access point, the capability of a photovoltaic grid-connected system flexibly accessing the power grid is reduced, and the consumption capability of the power grid on a distributed power generation system is also restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation-based microgrid which can actively adjust the active power and the reactive power of a power grid access point, is beneficial to the stability of the power grid and improves the economic power utilization mode of users.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a microgrid based on photovoltaic power generation comprises a DC-DC converter 1 with an input end connected with a photovoltaic assembly, wherein the output end of the DC-DC converter 1 is sequentially connected with a multifunctional grid-connected inverter, a breaker S1, a breaker S2 and a power distribution network, an energy storage branch consisting of a bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 and an energy storage battery in series is connected to a direct current bus between the DC-DC converter 1 and the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, a direct current load branch is connected to the direct current bus between the energy storage branch and the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, and an alternating current load branch is connected between the breaker S1 and the breaker S2; the multifunctional grid-connected inverter adopts a direct current side voltage and alternating current side current double closed loop feedback control system, and a voltage outer ring of the direct current side voltage and alternating current side current double closed loop feedback control system is used for controlling a direct current bus voltage VdcAnd a reference voltage U* dcThe error of the voltage (u) is subjected to PI proportional-integral compensation to be used as an amplitude instruction of the active current of the network side and the voltage (u) of the alternating current sidegMultiplying sin sine quantities of the same phase to obtain a network side active current instruction; reactive current component i of AC loadqrefReactive current feedback quantity i with multifunctional grid-connected inverter injection breaker S1qLfAfter PI proportional integral compensation, the error of the voltage is compared with the voltage u at the alternating current sidegMultiplying the orthogonal cos cosine quantity to obtain a network side reactive current instruction; adding the network side active current instruction and the network side reactive current instruction to obtain a network side current instruction iref(ii) a Current instruction i of current inner loop to network siderefAnd net side current actual value iLfThe error of the voltage is subjected to PI proportional-integral compensation, and then the voltage u at the alternating current side is introducedgAfter being used as a feedforward control quantity, the multifunctional grid-connected inverter is controlled by SPWM.
The further scheme of the invention is that a direct current component Pdc of a generated power mean value of a photovoltaic module in a plurality of sampling periods is used as an amplitude instruction of a network side active current of the multifunctional grid-connected inverter; the alternating current component Pac is used as a current command of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 2; the direct current bus voltage can be prevented from being greatly fluctuated when the photovoltaic energy is severely fluctuated, the grid-entering current amplitude is prevented from being greatly fluctuated, the fluctuation and randomness of photovoltaic power generation can be effectively stabilized, the stability of a power grid is facilitated, and the economic power utilization mode of a user is improved.
The invention further provides that in the peak period of power utilization of a power grid, the multifunctional grid-connected inverter works in an inversion mode, and the bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 controls the energy storage battery to work in discharging under the safe state of the charge state of the storage battery; in the electricity consumption valley stage, the multifunctional grid-connected inverter works in a rectification mode, and the bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 works in a storage battery charging mode; energy storage and discharge of the energy storage battery are controlled respectively in the electricity utilization valley and peak stages, certain active support is carried out on the power distribution network, the pressure of the power distribution network is relieved, and the stability of the power grid is further improved.
The multifunctional grid-connected inverter comprises a power switch tube V1 and a power switch tube V2 which are connected in series to form a first bridge arm, and a power switch tube V3 and a power switch tube V4 which are connected in series to form a second bridge arm, wherein the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm are connected in parallel to form a single-phase inverter full bridge, and the alternating current output end of the inverter full bridge is connected with a power distribution network through an inductor L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the network side current power factor and the network side current waveform are well controlled by a voltage and current instantaneous value feedback control scheme of the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, active and reactive regulation of a power grid access point is realized by collecting reactive power in an alternating current load and instantaneous power emitted by a photovoltaic module and commanding a current inner loop of the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, the stability of a power grid is facilitated, and an economic power utilization mode of a user is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation-based microgrid of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the multifunctional grid-connected inverter of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a control strategy diagram of active power and reactive power injected into the distribution network according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a dc side voltage and ac side current dual closed loop feedback control system according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of calculation of the direct current component Pdc and the alternating current component Pac of the generated power mean value of the photovoltaic module in one sampling period.
Detailed Description
The microgrid based on photovoltaic power generation shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a DC-DC converter 1 with an input end connected with a photovoltaic module, wherein an output end of the DC-DC converter 1 is sequentially connected with a multifunctional grid-connected inverter, a circuit breaker S1, a circuit breaker S2 and a power distribution network, the multifunctional grid-connected inverter comprises a power switch tube V1 and a power switch tube V2 which are connected in series to form a first bridge arm, and a power switch tube V3 and a power switch tube V4 which are connected in series to form a second bridge arm, the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm are connected in parallel to form a single-phase inverter full bridge, and an alternating current output end of the inverter full bridge is connected with an alternating current side through an inductor L; an energy storage branch consisting of a bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 and an energy storage battery which are connected in series is connected to a direct current bus between the DC-DC converter 1 and the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, a direct current load branch is connected to the direct current bus between the energy storage branch and the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, and an alternating current load branch is connected between the breaker S1 and the breaker S2.
When the power distribution network is in a normal state and the photovoltaic module is in a power generation state, the circuit breaker S1 and the circuit breaker S2 are closed, the DC-DC converter 1 works in a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mode, the voltage of a direct-current bus is increased, the energy of the direct-current bus is converted into alternating-current electric energy through the multifunctional grid-connected inverter and is output to a local alternating-current load, and if redundant energy exists, the alternating-current electric energy is fed into the power grid through the circuit breaker S2; if the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module under the MPPT condition cannot meet the AC load, the difference energy is input into the AC load through a breaker S2 by the power grid; if the power grid fails, the bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 is controlled to discharge the energy storage battery, and the multifunctional grid-connected inverter works in an independent inversion mode to ensure reliable power supply of alternating current loads.
The multifunctional grid-connected inverter adopts a direct-current side voltage and alternating-current side current double closed-loop feedback control system as shown in fig. 4, and a voltage outer ring of the direct-current side voltage and alternating-current side current double closed-loop feedback control system is used for controlling a direct-current bus voltage VdcAnd a reference voltage U* dcThe error of the voltage and the current is subjected to PI proportional-integral compensation to eliminate the steady-state error between the error and the current, and the output value is used as the amplitude instruction of the active current of the network side and the voltage u of the alternating current sidegMultiplying cos sine quantity to obtain a network side active current instruction; reactive current component i of AC loadqrefReactive current feedback quantity i with multifunctional grid-connected inverter injection breaker S1qLfAfter PI proportional integral compensation, the error of the voltage is compared with the voltage u at the alternating current sidegMultiplying the sin sine quantity to obtain a network side reactive current instruction; adding the network side active current instruction and the network side reactive current instruction to obtain a network side current instruction iref(ii) a Current instruction i of current inner loop to network siderefAnd net side current actual value iLfThe error of the voltage is subjected to PI proportional-integral compensation, and then the voltage u on the alternating current side is calculatedgAnd after the error is detected, the SPWM is used for controlling the multifunctional grid-connected inverter.
DC bus voltage VdcObtained by sampling with a sensor, reference voltage U* dcAt a predetermined value, the AC side voltage ugThe cos sine quantity and the sin sine quantity of the alternating current load are obtained by calculating through a phase-locked loop PLL, and the reactive current component i of the alternating current loadqrefThe reactive current feedback quantity i of the multifunctional grid-connected inverter injected into the breaker S1 is calculated from ul and il of the alternating current load in the figure 3qLfThe actual value i of the network side current is obtained by sampling inductive current and network side voltage signals through a sensor and calculatingLfThe parameters to be calculated are obtained by sampling of the sensor and have mature algorithms respectively, which are not described in detail.
When the photovoltaic module is in a power generation state, conditions such as illumination and ambient temperature change to cause that the DC-DC converter 1 injects energy into the direct current bus to generate corresponding fluctuation, in order to avoid that the energy injected into the power distribution network by the multifunctional grid-connected inverter through the breaker S1 fluctuates violently, as shown in fig. 3, a voltage and current value injected into the direct current bus by the DC-DC converter 1 is sampled, and a direct current component Pdc and an alternating current component Pac of a generated power mean value of the photovoltaic module in 100 sampling periods are obtained through a calculation method shown in fig. 5, wherein the direct current component Pdc is used as an amplitude instruction of grid-side active current of the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, so that photovoltaic fluctuation energy is buffered by charging and discharging of an energy storage battery, and the fluctuation of grid-connected energy of the grid-connected inverter is suppressed; the alternating current component Pac is used as a current command of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 to control the charging and discharging modes of the energy storage battery and the actual current magnitude.
As shown in fig. 3, the controller collects voltage and current of an alternating current load, calculates a reactive component in the voltage and current in real time, uses the reactive current corresponding to the reactive component as a network side reactive current instruction of the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, enables the reactive component output by the multifunctional grid-connected inverter to accurately track the network side reactive current instruction through the PI regulator, and realizes reactive regulation of the power grid access point for reactive compensation in a local load.
The multifunctional grid-connected inverter can realize active support to the power grid according to the load peak-valley time period of the power grid access point; in the daytime power grid power consumption peak stage, the multifunctional grid-connected inverter works in an inversion mode, the bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 controls the energy storage battery to work in a discharging mode under the charge state safety state of the storage battery, and the photovoltaic assembly and the energy storage battery output together to play a certain active support for a power grid access point; at the night electricity utilization valley stage, the multifunctional grid-connected inverter works in a rectification mode, and the bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 works in a storage battery charging mode to charge the energy storage battery.
At present, with the continuous reduction of the installed cost of the photovoltaic, the photovoltaic flat-price internet access becomes the inevitable trend of photovoltaic power generation, and a household small-capacity photovoltaic grid-connected system can be popularized in a large scale, so that more unstable factors are brought to a power grid.
Claims (4)
1. A microgrid based on photovoltaic power generation is characterized in that: the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter comprises a DC-DC converter 1 with an input end connected with a photovoltaic module, wherein the output end of the DC-DC converter 1 is sequentially connected with a multifunctional grid-connected inverter, a breaker S1, a breaker S2 and a power distribution network, an energy storage branch consisting of a bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 and an energy storage battery which are connected in series is connected to a direct current bus between the DC-DC converter 1 and the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, a direct current load branch is connected to the direct current bus between the energy storage branch and the multifunctional grid-connected inverter, and an alternating current load branch is connected between the breaker S1 and the breaker S2; the multifunctional grid-connected inverter adopts a direct current side voltage and alternating current side current double closed loop feedback control system, and a voltage outer ring of the direct current side voltage and alternating current side current double closed loop feedback control system is used for controlling a direct current bus voltage VdcAnd a reference voltage U* dcThe error of the voltage (u) is subjected to PI proportional-integral compensation to be used as an amplitude instruction of the active current of the network side and the voltage (u) of the alternating current sidegMultiplying sin sine quantities of the same phase to obtain a network side active current instruction; reactive current component i of AC loadqrefReactive current feedback quantity i with multifunctional grid-connected inverter injection breaker S1qLfAfter PI proportional integral compensation, the error of the voltage is compared with the voltage u at the alternating current sidegMultiplying the orthogonal cos cosine quantity to obtain a network side reactive current instruction; adding the network side active current instruction and the network side reactive current instruction to obtain a network side current instruction iref(ii) a Current instruction i of current inner loop to network siderefAnd net side current actual value iLfThe error of the voltage is subjected to PI proportional-integral compensation, and then the voltage u at the alternating current side is introducedgAfter being used as a feedforward control quantity, the multifunctional grid-connected inverter is controlled by SPWM.
2. The photovoltaic power generation-based microgrid of claim 1, wherein: the direct current component Pdc of the generated power mean value of the photovoltaic module in a plurality of sampling periods is used as an amplitude instruction of the active current of the grid side of the multifunctional grid-connected inverter; the alternating current component Pac is used as a current command for the bidirectional DC-DC converter 2.
3. The photovoltaic power generation-based microgrid of claim 1, wherein: in the power consumption peak stage of the power grid, the multifunctional grid-connected inverter works in an inversion mode, and the bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 controls the energy storage battery to work in a discharging mode under the charge state safety state of the storage battery; in the electricity consumption valley stage, the multifunctional grid-connected inverter works in a rectification mode, and the bidirectional DC-DC converter 2 works in a storage battery charging mode.
4. A photovoltaic power generation-based microgrid according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the multifunctional grid-connected inverter comprises a power switch tube V1 and a power switch tube V2 which are connected in series to form a first bridge arm, and a power switch tube V3 and a power switch tube V4 which are connected in series to form a second bridge arm, wherein the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm are connected in parallel to form a single-phase inverter full bridge, and the alternating current output end of the inverter full bridge is connected with the alternating current side through an inductor L.
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| CN110635704B (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-08-24 | 江苏固德威电源科技股份有限公司 | Inverter bus voltage control method |
| CN110729760B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-12-10 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Wind-solar hybrid power generation system |
| CN111277003A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-12 | 贵州长征输配电电气有限公司 | Micro-grid power distribution system |
| CN112421639B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2023-03-31 | 许继集团有限公司 | System and method for regulating line voltage of distributed photovoltaic power generation access distribution station area |
| CN113036804B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2024-01-26 | 西安领充创享新能源科技有限公司 | AC/DC micro-grid control method and device |
| CN113036808A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-06-25 | 中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Distributed photovoltaic power generation system incorporated into medium and low voltage direct current power distribution network |
| CN113178874A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-27 | 广东省古瑞瓦特新能源有限公司 | Reactive compensation method and system for photovoltaic grid-connected inverter |
| CN114221374B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-06-11 | 三峡大学 | Flexible platform area based on direct-current micro-grid and coordination control method thereof |
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