CN109102570B - Modeling method of three-dimensional finite element model - Google Patents
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Abstract
A modeling method of three-dimensional finite element model, aiming at the study objects like electromagnetic track cannon, three-phase bus duct and power cable line tunnel, the three-dimensional entity with plane symmetrical structure characteristic object as main object, when the finite element model is built, firstly building two-dimensional plane model, then adopting triangle grid to make finite element division, making two-dimensional finite element model make sectional drawing along plane symmetrical axial direction, using different position of main object in three-dimensional entity to make decision of sectional drawing starting point, and making grid division in axial direction, then when three-dimensional geometric model is formed, the correspondent three-dimensional finite element model is also produced at the same time, so that the grid quality of the finite element model produced by drawing is superior to that of tetrahedron grid adopted by conventional method, so that not only can save modeling time, but also can ensure grid quality, and can provide a new idea for modeling method of electromagnetic field numerical value calculation three-dimensional finite element model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a modeling method of a three-dimensional finite element model, and relates to the technical fields of electromagnetic field numerical calculation and electrotechnical theory.
Background
Aiming at the research objects like an electromagnetic track gun, a three-phase bus duct and a power cable line tunnel, the three-dimensional physical characteristics are as follows: all contain the entity of plane symmetrical structure like guide rail, bus, cable; the armature and the line support are not plane symmetrical structures. When the finite element numerical calculation of the three-dimensional electromagnetic field is carried out, a three-dimensional geometric model and a finite element model of an entity are firstly established, and then the finite element equation numerical solution can be carried out. The conventional modeling method is that a three-dimensional geometric model is directly built according to the solid structure of an object, namely, an electromagnetic track gun is taken as an example, namely, three-dimensional models of a guide rail, an armature and an air bag are respectively built, finite element meshing is carried out on the whole three-dimensional model, a tetrahedron mesh is adopted for the irregular three-dimensional body to be freely split, and the mesh quality cannot be ensured due to the irregular structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the method, the invention provides a modeling method of a three-dimensional finite element model, and aims at a three-dimensional entity which takes a plane symmetrical structure characteristic object as a main object and is similar to a research object such as an electromagnetic track gun, a three-phase bus duct and a power cable line tunnel. The modeling time is saved, the grid quality is ensured, and a brand new thought is provided for the modeling method for calculating the three-dimensional finite element model by using the electromagnetic field numerical value.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the modeling method of three-dimensional finite element model, for the three-dimensional entity taking object with plane symmetrical structure characteristic as main object, firstly establishing two-dimensional plane model, dividing finite element mesh, then stretching two-dimensional finite element model along plane symmetrical axial direction, respectively using the positions of other non-main object in three-dimensional entity to determine the starting point of segmented stretching, and dividing axial mesh while stretching; after the stretching of the specified length is completed, a three-dimensional geometric model is formed, and corresponding three-dimensional finite element models are generated simultaneously, so that grid division of the three-dimensional solid model is not needed.
A modeling method of a three-dimensional finite element model, comprising the steps of:
step 1: aiming at a three-dimensional entity object to be modeled, taking a main object with plane symmetrical structural characteristics in the three-dimensional entity as a reference target, and establishing a two-dimensional plane model containing elements of each part;
step 2: carrying out finite element division on the two-dimensional plane model by adopting triangular grids to generate a two-dimensional finite element model;
step 3: carrying out sectional stretching on the two-dimensional finite element model along the plane symmetrical axial direction, determining a sectional stretching starting point according to different positions of each main object in the three-dimensional entity, and carrying out axial grid division while stretching;
step 4: according to the total length of the three-dimensional entity, after stretching is completed, a three-dimensional entity model and a corresponding three-dimensional finite element model are formed at the same time, the finite element model is composed of triangular prism grids, and material parameter setting is carried out on finite elements of different calculation domains according to actual material properties of different objects in the entity.
By adopting the modeling method of the three-dimensional finite element model, the finite element model generated by stretching adopts triangular prism grids, and the grid quality is superior to that of tetrahedral grids adopted by the conventional method, so that the modeling time is saved, and the grid quality is ensured.
By adopting the modeling method of the three-dimensional finite element model, the three-dimensional solid model is not required to be subjected to grid division again, so that the modeling time is saved, and the better grid quality is ensured.
The modeling method of the three-dimensional finite element model is applied to three-dimensional solid models taking an object with plane symmetrical structural characteristics as a main object, such as three-dimensional finite element model modeling of an electromagnetic track gun, a three-phase bus duct or a power cable line tunnel.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a double-layer rail electromagnetic track gun.
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional model diagram of a rail gun.
Fig. 3 is a finite element model diagram of a two-dimensional model divided by triangular meshes.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional model generated after the first stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 4 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after the stretching, and fig. 4 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after the stretching.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional model generated after the second stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 5 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after the stretching, and fig. 5 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after the stretching.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional model generated after the third stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 6 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after the stretching, and fig. 6 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after the stretching.
Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional model generated after the fourth stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 7 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after the stretching, and fig. 7 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after the stretching.
Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional model generated after the fifth stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 8 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after stretching, and fig. 8 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after stretching.
Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional model generated after the sixth stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 9 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after stretching, and fig. 9 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after stretching.
Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional model generated after the seventh stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 10 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after the stretching, and fig. 10 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after the stretching.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a cable tunnel in engineering.
Fig. 12 is a two-dimensional model diagram of a cable tunnel.
Fig. 13 is a finite element model diagram of a two-dimensional model divided by triangular meshes.
Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional model generated after the first stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 14 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after the stretching, and fig. 14 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after the stretching.
Fig. 15 is a three-dimensional model generated after the second stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 15 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after the stretching, and fig. 15 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after the stretching.
Fig. 16 is a three-dimensional model generated after the third stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 16 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after the stretching, and fig. 16 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after the stretching.
Fig. 17 is a three-dimensional model generated after the fourth stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 17 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after the stretching, and fig. 17 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after the stretching.
Fig. 18 is a three-dimensional model generated after the fifth stretching in the z-axis direction, in which fig. 18 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model diagram generated after the stretching, and fig. 18 (b) is a three-dimensional geometric model generated after the stretching.
Detailed Description
The modeling method of three-dimensional finite element model, for the three-dimensional entity taking object with plane symmetrical structure characteristic as main object, firstly establishing two-dimensional plane model, dividing finite element mesh, then stretching two-dimensional finite element model along plane symmetrical axial direction, respectively using the positions of other non-main object in three-dimensional entity to determine the starting point of segmented stretching, and dividing axial mesh while stretching; after the stretching of the specified length is completed, a three-dimensional geometric model is formed, and corresponding three-dimensional finite element models are generated simultaneously, so that grid division of the three-dimensional solid model is not needed.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: aiming at a three-dimensional entity object to be modeled, a main object with plane symmetrical structural characteristics in the three-dimensional entity is taken as a reference target, and a two-dimensional plane model containing elements of each part is established.
Step 2: carrying out finite element division on the two-dimensional plane model by adopting triangular grids to generate a two-dimensional finite element model;
step 3: and carrying out sectional stretching on the two-dimensional finite element model along the plane symmetrical axial direction, determining a sectional stretching starting point at different positions of each main object in the three-dimensional entity, and carrying out axial grid division while stretching.
Step 4: according to the total length of the three-dimensional entity, after stretching is completed, a three-dimensional entity model and a corresponding three-dimensional finite element model are formed at the same time, the finite element model is composed of triangular prism grids, and material parameter setting is carried out on finite elements of different calculation domains according to actual material properties of different objects in the entity.
Example 1:
taking an electromagnetic track gun as an example, a schematic diagram of the double-layer electromagnetic track gun is shown in fig. 1, and the three-dimensional entity of the double-layer electromagnetic track gun comprises two upper guide rails 1, two lower guide rails 2, an upper armature 3 and a lower armature 4, wherein the guide rails are made of copper materials, and the armatures are made of aluminum materials. In the object body, the upper guide rail 1 and the lower guide rail 2 have plane symmetrical structures, namely, the long side directionzThe axial direction is the plane symmetry axial direction, and the upper layer armature 3 and the lower layer armature 4 are positioned differently due to different movement speeds, in this example, the upper layer armature is assumed to be positioned vertically in front, the lower layer armature is assumed to be positioned behind, and the two positions are partially overlapped in the vertical direction. In addition, in performing the electromagnetic field finite element numerical calculation, it is necessary to establish an air body region surrounding the rail gun model in addition to the rail gun body model. The complete mold thus includes upper and lower guide rails, upper and lower armatures, and air zones. Carrying out three-dimensional finite element model modeling implementation process description:
(1): and (3) establishing a two-dimensional model comprising the guide rail, the armatures and air, wherein a yellow area is a two-dimensional section of four armatures, a green area is an armature section, and a gray area is an air part as shown in fig. 2.
(2): the two-dimensional model is subjected to finite element division by adopting triangular grids, and a two-dimensional finite element model is generated as shown in fig. 3.
(3): edge of the framezIn the axial direction, the two-dimensional finite element plane model in fig. 3 is subjected to sectional stretching, the air areas at the front end and the rear end of the track are respectively used as starting points of the sectional stretching, axial grid division is performed while stretching, and each grid is a triangular prism unit. The method comprises the specific steps of firstly stretching the front end of a guide rail to the position of an armature section with the front appearance position, as shown in fig. 4, and fig. 4 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model formed after the first stretching; the three-dimensional geometric model after stretching is shown in fig. 4 (b), and in order to distinguish different areas, the three-dimensional geometric model is shown in different colors, wherein a green part is a part of the upper and lower layer tracks, and a transparent area is an air part. Then continuing to stretch, stretching for the second time to the armature section position at the position behind the appearance position, as shown in fig. 5, wherein fig. 5 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model formed after the second stretching; the three-dimensional geometric model after stretching is shown in fig. 5 (b), wherein the green part is a part of the upper and lower guide rails, the yellow part is a part of the upper armature, and the transparent area is air. Continuing stretching for the third time to the end position of the upper armature geometric model, as shown in fig. 6, wherein fig. 6 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model formed after the third stretching; the three-dimensional geometric model after stretching is shown in fig. 6 (b), wherein the green part is a part of the upper and lower layer guide rails, the yellow part is a complete upper layer armature and a part of the lower layer armature, and the transparent area is air. Continuing stretching for the fourth time to the end position of the lower armature geometric model, as shown in fig. 7, wherein fig. 7 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model formed after the fourth stretching; the three-dimensional geometric model after stretching is shown in fig. 7 (b), wherein the green part is a part of the upper and lower guide rails, the yellow part is a complete upper armature and a complete lower armature, and the transparent area is air. Continuing stretching for the fifth time to the end position of the lower armature geometric model, as shown in fig. 8, wherein fig. 8 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model formed after the fifth stretching; the three-dimensional geometric model after stretching is shown in fig. 8 (b), wherein the green part is a complete upper and lower layer guide rail, the yellow part is an upper and lower layer armature, and the transparent area is air. The sixth time continues to stretch out the rear end air zone as shown in fig. 9, fig. 9 (a) being a sixth timeA three-dimensional finite element model is formed after secondary stretching; fig. 9 (b) shows a three-dimensional geometric model after stretching, wherein the green part is an upper layer guide rail, the yellow part is an upper layer armature and a lower layer armature, and the transparent area contains air of which the rear end is newly stretched. A seventh time of stretching the front end out of the front end air region, as shown in fig. 10, fig. 10 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model formed after the seventh time of stretching; fig. 10 (b) shows a three-dimensional geometric model after stretching, wherein the three-dimensional geometric model comprises a guide rail and an armature, and the transparent area comprises air at the front end and the rear end. As can be seen from fig. 10, after seven times of stretching, a three-dimensional finite element model including upper and lower guide rails, upper and lower armatures, and air surrounding the rail cannon is formed, and the entire three-dimensional finite element model adopts triangular prism grids.
(4): setting material properties of grids of each region in the newly generated three-dimensional finite element model, and setting material parameters of three-dimensional finite elements of the guide rail region, namely relative magnetic permeability and resistivity, as international unit parameters of copper materials, wherein the relative magnetic permeability is 1, and the resistivity is 1.7e-8Ω.m; setting the material parameters of the three-dimensional finite element of the armature area, namely the relative magnetic permeability and the resistivity as international unit parameters of the aluminum material, wherein the relative magnetic permeability is 1, and the resistivity is 2.7e-8Ω & m; the material parameter of the three-dimensional finite element of the air region, i.e., the relative permeability, is set to 1.
By the method, the two-dimensional model is stretched to generate the three-dimensional model, and as can be seen from fig. 10, the three-dimensional finite element model is generated simultaneously when the geometric model of the track gun is generated, the grid is in the shape of a triangular prism unit, and the three-dimensional finite element model can be directly used for calculating the finite element value of the electromagnetic field after the unit material property of the new model is set. The traditional method is to directly establish a three-dimensional geometric model and then uniformly perform mesh subdivision, and due to the asymmetry of a model structure in a calculation region, only tetrahedral meshes can be adopted for subdivision, and the mesh density of each region cannot be controlled in the subdivision process. When the method is used for building the two-dimensional finite element model, the grid density control can be carried out on each region, the grid density control can be carried out on the grid continuously along the axial direction in the stretching process, after the three-dimensional finite element model is generated, the grid is also generally considered to be a triangular prism grid with convergence superior to that of a tetrahedron grid in numerical calculation, the quality of the grid is well controlled, and the geometric model and the finite element model are simultaneously generated in the stretching process, so that the time for building the three-dimensional model is shortened.
Example 2:
in the engineering, the cable tunnel is schematically shown in fig. 11, and the physical object is structurally characterized in that: the power cable comprises power cables with different voltage classes and different arrangement modes; and cable line brackets, as well as tunnel concrete walls, air in the tunnel. Along the extending direction of the cable and the tunnel iszShafts, where the power cables and the tunnel walls, the air zones arezThe plane symmetry in the axial direction is not the plane symmetry, but the support is at a distance from each other. Taking a cable tunnel as an example, the implementation process is described as follows:
(1): two-dimensional models of power cable sections, brackets, tunnel walls and air areas with different voltage levels and different arrangement modes are built, as shown in fig. 12.
(2): the two-dimensional model is subjected to finite element division by adopting a triangular mesh, and a two-dimensional finite element model is generated as shown in fig. 13.
(3): edge of the framezIn the axial direction, the two-dimensional finite element model in fig. 13 is subjected to segmented stretching, the position of the rear end air, the position of the bracket and the position of the front end air are respectively used as starting points of the segmented stretching, and axial grid division is performed while stretching. The method comprises the specific steps of firstly stretching out of an air area at the rear end of a tunnel, as shown in fig. 14, wherein fig. 14 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model formed after the first stretching; fig. 14 (b) shows a three-dimensional geometric model after stretching, and the entire transparent region is an air portion. Drawing for the second time to the position where the cross section of the first bracket appears, as shown in fig. 15, fig. 15 (a) shows that a three-dimensional finite element model is formed after drawing for the second time; a three-dimensional geometric model after stretching is shown in fig. 15 (b), where the green areas are cabling of different voltage classes and the transparent areas are air and tunnel walls. Drawing for the third time to the position of the cross section of the other side after the first stent is completely appeared, as shown in FIG. 16, FIG. 16 (a) shows a three-dimensional finite element model formed after drawing for the third timeThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the A three-dimensional geometric model after stretching is shown in fig. 16 (b), in which the green areas are cabling of different voltage classes, the blue areas are cable holders, and the transparent areas are air and tunnel walls. Stretching for the fourth time to the position of the extending end part of the cable line at the other side of the bracket, as shown in fig. 17, wherein fig. 17 (a) is a three-dimensional finite element model formed after the fourth stretching; a three-dimensional geometric model after stretching is shown in fig. 17 (b), in which the green areas are cabling of different voltage classes, the blue areas are cable holders, and the transparent areas are air and tunnel walls. The fifth stretching out of the air area at the front end of the tunnel is shown in fig. 18, and fig. 18 (a) shows that a three-dimensional finite element model is formed after the fifth stretching; a three-dimensional geometric model after stretching is shown in fig. 18 (b), in which the green areas are cable tracks of different voltage levels, the blue areas are cable holders, and the transparent areas are the tunnel front and rear ends and the air area in the tunnel and the tunnel wall. According to the process, three-dimensional finite element models of the back-end air, the tunnel wall, the cable lines of various voltage classes, the bracket and the front-end air are sequentially generated, and the whole three-dimensional finite element model is a triangular prism grid.
(4): setting material properties of grids of each area in the newly generated three-dimensional finite element model, and setting the relative magnetic permeability and the resistivity of materials used for the grids of each part of the structure of the cable area according to the structural characteristics of the cable; setting the relative magnetic permeability and the resistivity of the corresponding used materials for the grid of the bracket area; the relative permeability is set to 1 for the mesh of the tunnel wall and air area.
By the above method, the two-dimensional model is stretched to generate the three-dimensional model, and as can be seen from fig. 18, when all geometric models of calculation areas such as a cable tunnel are generated, the three-dimensional finite element model is also generated at the same time, the grid is in a triangular prism unit shape, and after all calculation areas such as layers of a cable body, a bracket, air and tunnel walls and grid material properties are set, the three-dimensional finite element model can be directly used for electromagnetic field finite element numerical calculation. The traditional method is to directly establish a three-dimensional geometric model and then uniformly perform mesh subdivision, and due to the asymmetry of a model structure in a calculation region, only tetrahedral meshes can be adopted for subdivision, and the mesh density of each region cannot be controlled in the subdivision process. When the method is used for building the two-dimensional finite element model, the grid density control can be carried out on each region, the grid density control can be carried out on the grid continuously along the axial direction in the stretching process, after the three-dimensional finite element model is generated, the grid is also generally considered to be a triangular prism grid with convergence superior to that of a tetrahedron grid in numerical calculation, the quality of the grid is well controlled, and the geometric model and the finite element model are simultaneously generated in the stretching process, so that the time for building the three-dimensional model is shortened.
Claims (1)
1. The three-dimensional entity finite element model modeling method taking an object with plane symmetry structural characteristics as a main object is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: aiming at an electromagnetic track gun or a cable tunnel three-dimensional entity needing to be modeled, taking a main body object with plane symmetrical structural characteristics in the three-dimensional entity as a reference target, and establishing a two-dimensional plane model containing elements of each part;
step 2: carrying out finite element division on the two-dimensional plane model by adopting triangular grids to generate a two-dimensional finite element model;
step 3: carrying out sectional stretching on the two-dimensional finite element model along the plane symmetrical axial direction, determining a sectional stretching starting point according to different positions of each main object in the three-dimensional entity, and carrying out axial grid division while stretching;
step 4: according to the total length of the three-dimensional entity, after stretching is completed, a three-dimensional entity model and a corresponding three-dimensional finite element model are formed at the same time, the finite element model is composed of triangular prism grids, and material parameter setting is carried out on finite elements of different calculation domains according to actual material properties of different objects in the entity.
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| CN109948269B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-11-03 | 湖南科技大学 | Hexahedral mesh division method for armored umbilical cable model |
| CN110807219B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-06-01 | 湖北亿咖通科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional simulation modeling method, device, terminal and storage medium for road network |
| CN111444573B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2023-04-18 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | Ship symmetric segment model generation method and device, storage medium and terminal |
| CN112132973B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-26 | 北京智芯仿真科技有限公司 | Method and device for quickly generating three-dimensional integrated circuit electromagnetic simulation full three-dimensional grid |
| CN113012294B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-12-13 | 上海汇像信息技术有限公司 | Symmetrical reconstruction method of three-dimensional model |
| CN114117861B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-04-26 | 山东大学 | Tunnel resistivity modeling method and system based on mixed grid |
| CN117078890B (en) * | 2023-10-13 | 2024-01-12 | 芯瑞微(上海)电子科技有限公司 | Mesh dissection method and system for three-dimensional geometric model of mobile phone |
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