CN109101706B - Coupling method of lumped hydrological model and two-dimensional hydrodynamic model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a coupling method of a lumped hydrological model and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, which comprises the following steps: step 1, data processing: acquiring and processing basic data required by the lumped hydrological model and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, wherein a computational grid of the hydrodynamic model and land utilization grid data both adopt grids consistent with elevation data DEM grid data; step 2, constructing a hydrological model and calculating: constructing a lumped hydrological model based on basic data; step 3, coupling method: the obtained runoff process is kept consistent with the space-time scale of the hydrodynamic model by adopting a scale reduction method; step 4, constructing and calculating a hydrodynamic model: and reading the runoff grid data subjected to the size reduction into the hydrodynamic model for calculation, so that the spatial distribution of the flood characteristic value can be obtained. The invention has relatively low requirement on data and can be applied to areas with little/no data; the coupling part is simple in calculation, and errors and uncertainty in numerical calculation are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coupling calculation of hydrological models and hydrodynamic force models, in particular to a coupling method of a lumped hydrological model and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic force model.
Background
The lumped hydrological model is an important tool for researching river basin flood forecasting at present. The mathematical equations adopted by the lumped hydrological model do not generally consider the space differences of elements such as basin underlying surface characteristics, hydrological processes, input variables of the model and the like, and some hydrological processes in the model are generally described by some simplified hydraulic formulas or empirical formulas, so that the lumped watershed hydrological model belongs to the category of conceptual models. The lumped hydrological model takes a system as a research object, although the physical significance of part of parameters is not clear and the model is usually multi-solvable, the lumped hydrological model has the advantages of being not negligible in most watershed hydrological simulations belonging to data-free areas due to the fact that the lumped hydrological model is simple in structure and relatively low in data requirement.
The hydrodynamic model based on the complete two-dimensional shallow water kinetic equation is commonly used for simulating the flood process, can simulate the dynamic process of a complex flow state, is more suitable for simulating the rainstorm flood with the characteristics of burstiness, concentrated water quantity, large flow velocity and the like, and can reflect the distribution and dynamic change of characteristic values of the rainstorm flood in space and time.
In order to integrate the advantages of the lumped hydrological model and the complete two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, a hydrological-hydrodynamic coupling method is adopted to forecast the watershed flood, namely a unidirectional coupling method and a bidirectional coupling method. The unidirectional coupling method is characterized in that a hydrological model is adopted to simulate rainfall runoff generation, area convergence and outflow processes of a watershed, the area outflow process is provided as an input condition of a hydrodynamic model, and the hydrodynamic model is adopted to simulate a flood process of a river channel or an important area, namely, the coupling of the hydrological model and the hydrodynamic model is realized through the connection of boundary conditions. But cannot be coupled to a hydrodynamic model on the full-gamut scale. The bidirectional coupling method is based on a hydrological model and a hydrodynamic model for simultaneous calculation, and boundary values are exchanged at each time step; the method has the disadvantages that the calculation process of the hydrodynamic model is relatively complex, the time step length is small, the difference exists between the time step length and the space-time scale of the hydrodynamic model, and special treatment is needed in the coupling process; meanwhile, when a large-scale watershed is calculated, the method is limited by low efficiency of fine calculation of a hydrodynamic model, and has limitations in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical drawbacks mentioned.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a coupling method of a lumped hydrological model and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a coupling method of a lumped hydrological model and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, including the following steps:
step S1, data processing: arranging basic data required by the lumped hydrological model and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, wherein: the hydrodynamic model adopts a computational grid consistent with the grid data of the ground elevation data DEM, and processes the land utilization data into grid data same with the ground elevation data; and looking up a table to obtain a roughness coefficient according to the land utilization type of each grid.
S2, constructing and calculating a hydrological model: constructing a lumped hydrological model according to the basic data, comprising: and calculating the flow converging process of the drainage basin by adopting the lumped hydrological model to obtain the runoff process of the outlet section of the drainage basin.
Step S3, the coupling method comprises the following steps: and keeping the obtained runoff process consistent with the space-time scale of the hydrodynamic model by adopting a scale reduction method, wherein: the time scale of the hydrological model is hour, and the time scale of the hydrodynamic model is second, so that the time scales can be consistent by adopting the formula (1) for calculation; the spatial dimension of the hydrological model is one dimension, namely the runoff process of the cross section, and the spatial dimension of the hydrodynamic model is two dimensions, namely grids of the full watershed, so that the value of one cross section is uniformly distributed on the whole watershed by adopting the calculation of the formula (2), and the spatial dimensions can be consistent.
Wherein, rx i,j The runoff value (unit: meter) of the outlet section of the full watershed calculated by the hydrological model; Δ t n Is the time step of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model;
is the runoff value (unit: meter) obtained after the size reduction.
Is a source term of a mass conservation equation in a control equation set of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; m is the total number of two-dimensional hydrodynamic computational grids.
S4, constructing and calculating a hydrodynamic model: and constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to the data and calculating, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and calculating the surface runoff process to obtain flood characteristic values (namely water depth and flow velocity) of each grid in the runoff at different moments.
Further, in the step S1,
the basic data required by the lumped hydrological model comprises the following data: the system comprises ground elevation data, land utilization data, soil type data and meteorological data, wherein the meteorological data are driving conditions, and other data are initial conditions;
the basic data required by the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model comprises: the system comprises ground elevation data, land utilization data and ground surface runoff, wherein the ground surface runoff is a driving condition, other data are initial conditions, and the ground surface runoff is obtained through calculation of a lumped hydrological model.
Further, in the step S2, any lumped hydrological model capable of calculating a runoff process of the outlet cross section of the drainage basin may be adopted, and the time scale of the obtained runoff process is an hour scale, that is, one runoff value per hour.
Further, in the step S3, downscaling calculation needs to be performed by using the formulas (1) and (2), so as to realize spatial-temporal scale unification.
Further, in the step S4, any two-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on a cartesian coordinate system and a two-dimensional shallow water equation set may be adopted, and the reduced-scale grid runoff value obtained in the step S3 is input as a driving condition into a source term of a mass conservation equation in a control equation set of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to perform calculation.
According to the coupling method of the lumped hydrological model and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the embodiment of the invention,
(1) The requirement on data is relatively low, and the method can be applied to areas with less/no data;
(2) The coupling part is simple in calculation, and errors and uncertainty in numerical calculation are reduced;
(3) The surface runoff process curve is converted into the surface runoff process spatial distribution of the whole watershed, so that the conversion from one dimension to two dimensions is realized, and more detailed data support can be provided for the rainstorm flood forecast/early warning of the whole watershed;
(4) The method has universality and is suitable for various lumped hydrological models and two-dimensional hydrodynamic models.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a full-flow-domain coupling method of a lumped hydrological model and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a coupling method of a lumped hydrological model and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, which can couple an outlet section runoff process obtained by calculation of the lumped hydrological model with a full-flow-domain calculation process of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The coupling framework aiming at the lumped hydrological model and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is not limited to a certain hydrological model/hydrodynamic model, and has certain universality.
As shown in fig. 1, a coupling method of a lumped hydrological model and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
step S1, data processing: arranging basic data required by the lumped hydrological model and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, wherein the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model adopts a calculation grid consistent with a ground elevation data DEM grid data file, and processing land utilization data into a data file with the same grid as the ground elevation data DEM; and (3) according to the land utilization type of each grid, looking up an empirical roughness coefficient table to obtain a roughness coefficient (namely a Manning coefficient), wherein the roughness coefficient is the only parameter of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the basic data required by the lumped hydrological model includes: the system comprises ground elevation data DEM, land utilization data, soil type data and meteorological data, wherein the meteorological data are driving conditions, and other data are initial conditions.
Basic data required by the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model comprises: the system comprises ground elevation data, land utilization data and ground surface runoff, wherein the ground surface runoff is a driving condition, other data is an initial condition, and the ground surface runoff is obtained through calculation of a lumped hydrological model and is a link of coupling connection of two models and a key condition of coupling of an integrated hydrological model and a hydrodynamic model.
S2, establishing and calculating a hydrological model: constructing a lumped hydrological model according to basic data, comprising: and calculating the runoff producing process of the full watershed, namely rainfall, infiltration and evapotranspiration by using the existing lumped hydrological model to obtain the runoff process of the full watershed outlet section, namely subtracting the infiltration amount and the evapotranspiration amount from the rainfall amount.
The advantage of this step is that different lumped hydrological models can be used, and although different lumped hydrological models are different in function, the lumped hydrological model with the functions of calculating infiltration and evapotranspiration can be used.
Step S3, the coupling method comprises the following steps: equally distributing the runoff process at the outlet section obtained in the step S2 to a full watershed, and equally distributing the runoff process at the outlet section of the watershed to each calculation grid of the full watershed by adopting a downscaling method, so that the obtained runoff process is consistent with the spatiotemporal scale of the hydrodynamic model, wherein: the time scale of the hydrological model is hour, and the time scale of the hydrodynamic model is second, so that the time scales can be consistent by adopting the formula (1) for calculation; the spatial dimension of the hydrological model is one dimension, namely the runoff process of the cross section, and the spatial dimension of the hydrodynamic model is two dimensions, namely grids of the full watershed, so that the value of one cross section is uniformly distributed on the whole watershed by adopting the calculation of the formula (2), and the spatial dimensions can be consistent.
Wherein, rx i,j The runoff value (unit: meter) of the outlet section of the full watershed calculated by the hydrological model; Δ t n Is the time step of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model;
is the runoff value (unit: meter) obtained after the size reduction.
Is a source term of a mass conservation equation in a control equation set of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; m is the total number of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic computational grids.
S4, constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to the data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and calculating the surface runoff process to obtain the water depth and the flow velocity in each grid at different moments.
Specifically, the compound obtained in S3
And inputting a source item of a mass conservation equation in a control equation set (namely a two-dimensional shallow water equation set) of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model as a driving condition, driving the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to calculate the surface runoff process, obtaining the dynamic change process of the water depth and the flow velocity in each grid at different moments, and generating a spatial distribution map of the flood characteristic value of the full watershed.
The advantage of this step is that different two-dimensional hydrodynamic models can be used. Although different two-dimensional hydrodynamic models are different in calculation method, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model can be used as long as the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is based on a Cartesian coordinate system and a two-dimensional shallow water equation set, and the purpose is to conveniently divide the runoff at the cross section of the outlet of the basin into grids.
According to the full-flow-domain coupling method of the lumped hydrological model and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the embodiment of the invention,
(1) The requirement on data is relatively low, and the method can be applied to areas with less/no data;
(2) The coupling part is simple in calculation, and errors and uncertainty in numerical calculation are reduced;
(3) The surface runoff process curve is converted into the surface runoff process spatial distribution of the whole watershed, so that the conversion from one dimension to two dimensions is realized, and more detailed data support can be provided for the rainstorm flood forecast/early warning of the whole watershed;
(4) The method has universality and is suitable for various lumped hydrological models and two-dimensional hydrodynamic models.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A coupling method of a lumped hydrological model and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, data processing: arranging basic data required by the lumped hydrological model and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, wherein: the hydrodynamic model adopts a computational grid consistent with the grid data of the ground elevation data DEM, and processes the land utilization data into grid data same with the ground elevation data; according to the land utilization type of each grid, looking up a table to obtain a roughness coefficient;
s2, constructing and calculating a hydrological model: constructing a lumped hydrological model according to the basic data, comprising: calculating the flow converging process of the drainage basin by adopting the lumped hydrological model to obtain the runoff process of the outlet section of the drainage basin;
step S3, the coupling method comprises the following steps: and keeping the obtained runoff process consistent with the space-time scale of the hydrodynamic model by adopting a scale reduction method, wherein: the time scale of the hydrological model is hour, and the time scale of the hydrodynamic model is second, so that the time scales can be consistent by adopting the formula (1) for calculation; the spatial scale of the hydrological model is one-dimensional, namely a runoff process of a cross section, and the spatial scale of the hydrodynamic model is two-dimensional, namely grid data of a full watershed, so that the value of one cross section is uniformly distributed to the whole watershed by adopting the formula (2) for calculation, and the spatial scales can be consistent;
wherein, rx i,j The runoff value (unit: meter) of the outlet section of the full watershed calculated by the hydrological model; Δ t n Is the time step of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model;
is the runoff value (unit: meter) obtained after the size reduction;
is a source term of a mass conservation equation in a control equation set of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; m is the total number of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic computational grids;
s4, constructing and calculating a hydrodynamic model: and constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to the data and calculating, wherein the method comprises the following steps: calculating the surface runoff process to obtain the flood characteristic value of each grid in the runoff domain at different moments, wherein the flood characteristic value comprises the following steps: water depth and flow velocity.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the step S1,
the basic data required by the lumped hydrological model comprises the following data: the system comprises ground elevation data, land utilization data, soil type data and meteorological data, wherein the meteorological data are driving conditions, and other data are initial conditions;
the basic data required by the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model comprises: the system comprises ground elevation data, land utilization data and ground surface runoff, wherein the ground surface runoff is a driving condition, other data are initial conditions, and the ground surface runoff is obtained through calculation of a lumped hydrological model.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, any lumped hydrological model for calculating the runoff process of the outlet cross section of the basin can be used, and the time scale of the runoff process is an hour scale, i.e. one runoff value per hour.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the spatio-temporal scale is unified by performing downscaling calculations using equations (1) and (2).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, any two-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on a cartesian coordinate system and a two-dimensional shallow water equation set can be used, and the downscaled grid flow value obtained in step S3 is input as a driving condition into a source term of a mass conservation equation in a control equation set of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to perform the calculation.
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| CN110543688B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-10-14 | 河海大学 | Hydrological model confluence method of multi-blocking two-dimensional diffusion wave equation under reservoir group regulation |
| CN110686862B (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2021-04-16 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Flow process rasterization method based on soil infiltration capacity |
| CN111651885B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2023-06-06 | 南昌工程学院 | Intelligent sponge city flood forecasting method |
| CN112561212A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-03-26 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Mountain torrent risk prediction method, device, equipment and computer storage medium |
| CN115983158B (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2023-06-20 | 江苏开放大学（江苏城市职业学院） | Loose coupling method for groundwater model and two-dimensional hydrodynamic model |
| CN116680883A (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-09-01 | 武汉大学 | Simulation method of basin runoff |
| CN117933127B (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-08-13 | 中山大学 | Rapid modeling system and method for torrential flood small-basin hydrologic model |
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| CN102289570A (en) * | 2011-07-23 | 2011-12-21 | 浙江大学 | Flood forecast method based on rainfall-runoff-flood routing calculation |
| CN106599457A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Godunov format one-dimensional and two-dimensional coupling technology-based mountain flood numerical simulation method |
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