CN109100784B - Three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full-wave-field imaging method - Google Patents

Three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full-wave-field imaging method Download PDF

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CN109100784B
CN109100784B CN201810584334.6A CN201810584334A CN109100784B CN 109100784 B CN109100784 B CN 109100784B CN 201810584334 A CN201810584334 A CN 201810584334A CN 109100784 B CN109100784 B CN 109100784B
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CN109100784A (en
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田迎春
张云波
周青春
王海泉
谢桂生
张梅华
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Landocean Beijing Energy Technology Institute Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/50Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
    • G01V2210/51Migration
    • G01V2210/512Pre-stack
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/70Other details related to processing
    • G01V2210/74Visualisation of seismic data

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Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full-wave-field imaging method, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring and preprocessing original three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data to generate preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data; s2, performing prestack velocity analysis and prestack depth migration on the preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data to obtain a three-dimensional depth domain layer velocity model; s3, carrying out source detection interchange on the generated preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data to obtain corresponding pseudo-inverse VSP shot gather seismic data; s4, acquiring full wavefield imaging results of each single shot one by using a three-dimensional depth domain layer velocity model and the pseudo-inverse VSP shot set seismic data, and acquiring full wavefield imaging of all shots after the full wavefield imaging is completed; s5, denoising and superposing the full wavefield imaging results of all cannons to obtain the final full wavefield imaging result. The three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full wavefield imaging method disclosed by the invention improves the imaging effect and improves the calculation efficiency.

Description

Three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full-wave-field imaging method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wave field imaging, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full wave field imaging method.
Background
The Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) is a vertical Seismic Profile relative to a ground Seismic Profile, in which a Seismic source is arranged on the ground surface to excite Seismic waves, and detectors are arranged at different depths in a well to record Seismic signals generated by the ground Seismic source, so as to study the geological conditions around the well.
The three-dimensional VSP technology is developed on the basis of seismic logging, and combines the advantages of a VSP method and the three-dimensional seismic exploration technology, so that geological interpretation by combining logging and earthquake is more documentary. As the wave field path of the three-dimensional VSP does not pass through a low-speed stratum on the earth surface twice like the ground reflected seismic waves, the main frequency, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the three-dimensional VSP data are high, and a plurality of practical application effects are achieved in the aspects of well-side structure fine imaging, well-side fault recognition, well-side stratum lithology description, seismic wave attenuation, velocity anisotropy, pore pressure prediction, porosity estimation and the like. The seismic data processing and imaging technology of three-dimensional VSP is valued by the physical exploration world of regions.
At present, an imaging method of three-dimensional VSP seismic data is mainly an imaging method based on a ray Kirchhoff integral method and a one-way wave equation based on wave field continuation, full wave field imaging reports of three-dimensional VSP are few, and full wave field imaging of source detection and interchange of three-dimensional VSP is not reported.
In seismic data full wave field imaging, the most important are full wave field reconstruction at a shot point side, full wave field reconstruction at a wave detection point side and calculation efficiency problems. In the existing three-dimensional VSP seismic data full wave field imaging technology, the technology is mature in the reconstruction aspect of full wave field at the shot point side, and the following defects exist in the reconstruction and calculation efficiency aspects of wave field at the wave detection point side:
1) the full wave field at the side of the wave detection point is difficult to reconstruct and has low precision. The demodulator probes of the three-dimensional VSP seismic data are positioned in the well, and due to the limitation of cost and technology, the number of the demodulator probes is very small and can only be distributed along a well track (a space curve). Therefore, the sampling of the wave field of the wave detection point by the wave detection point in the three-dimensional space is seriously insufficient, only partial wave field near the wave detection point can be reconstructed by using a small amount of incomplete wave detection point information on one line, the reconstruction of the full wave field at the side of the whole three-dimensional wave detection point is very difficult, the quality of the reconstructed wave field is difficult to ensure, a great error of the reconstructed wave field is inevitably caused, and the full wave field imaging effect of the VSP seismic data is influenced.
2) The calculation efficiency is low. The full wave field imaging is an imaging method based on full wave equation continuation, and has large calculated amount and high requirement on calculation efficiency. The seismic sources (shot points) of the three-dimensional VSP seismic data are positioned on the earth surface, so that the arrangement is simple and convenient, and the number is large; the detectors (wave detection points) are positioned in the well, and professional equipment is needed, so that the quantity is small; the number of shot points is generally far greater than the number of demodulator probes. When full wave field imaging is carried out, imaging processing is carried out by using the shot as a unit, the shot gather amount of original VSP seismic data is large, the required calculation amount is large, and therefore, the calculation efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention improves the problems existing in the prior art, namely the invention discloses a three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full-wavefield imaging method.
The technical scheme is as follows: a three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full wavefield imaging method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring original three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data and preprocessing the seismic data to generate preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data;
s2, performing prestack velocity analysis and prestack depth migration by using the preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data generated in the step S1 to obtain a three-dimensional depth domain layer velocity model;
s3, performing source detection interchange by using the preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data generated in the step S1 to obtain corresponding pseudo-inverse VSP shot gather seismic data;
s4, obtaining full wavefield imaging results of each single shot one by using the three-dimensional depth domain layer velocity model obtained in the step S2 and the pseudo-inverse VSP shot set seismic data obtained in the step S3, and obtaining full wavefield imaging of all shots after the full wavefield imaging is completed;
s5, denoising and superposing the full wavefield imaging results of all the cannons obtained in the step S4 to obtain a final full wavefield imaging result.
Further, the raw three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data in step S1 includes the acquired seismic wave data and the location information of the source point.
Further, the preprocessing in step S1 includes:
and (S11) data de-compilation: converting the acquired original three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data into an internal data format which is adaptive to a software system;
s12 noise attenuation: attenuating the noise of the seismic data which is subjected to data decoding in the step S11, highlighting effective signals and improving the signal-to-noise ratio;
s13 amplitude compensation; performing amplitude compensation on the seismic data subjected to noise attenuation in the step S12, wherein the amplitude compensation is used for compensating the amplitude of wave field diffusion and absorption attenuation generated by seismic waves in propagation;
s14 deconvolution: the amplitude compensated seismic data from step S13 is deconvoluted for data de-bubbling and wavelet compression.
Further, in step S4, obtaining a full-wavefield imaging result of each single shot includes the following steps:
s41, based on the acoustic full-fluctuation equation, performing single shot side full-wavefield reconstruction and single wave detection point side full-wavefield reconstruction to obtain a reconstructed shot side wave field and a reconstructed wave detection point side wave field, wherein:
the reconstructed shot point side wave field and the wave field at the wave detection point side comprise all possible primary reflection wave fields, multiple wave fields, diffraction wave fields and rotation wave fields;
s42, performing illumination compensation on the reconstructed shot-side wave field and the reconstructed wave field on the wave detection point side obtained in the step S41, and applying imaging conditions to obtain a full wave field imaging result of a single shot.
Has the advantages that: the three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full wavefield imaging method disclosed by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full wavefield imaging method solves the problems of high-precision reconstruction of full wavefields at the shot point side and the wave detection point side and low calculation efficiency, improves the imaging effect, saves the calculation time, improves the calculation efficiency and realizes high-efficiency and high-precision imaging of three-dimensional VSP seismic data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a three-dimensional VSP source-detector interchange full wavefield imaging method disclosed herein;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a raw VSP observation system before source-detector interchange;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a VSP shot and inspection point full wavefield reconstruction before source inspection interchange;
FIG. 2c is a schematic view of a pseudo-inverse VSP observation system after detection and exchange;
FIG. 2d is a schematic diagram of reconstruction of a three-dimensional VSP shot and inspection point full wave field after source inspection interchange;
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional VSP observation system;
FIG. 3b is a schematic plan view of a three-dimensional VSP observation system;
FIG. 3c is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3b at block;
FIG. 4a is a three-dimensional VSP single shot gather record (ffid ═ 1);
FIG. 4b is a three-dimensional VSP single shot gather record (ffid 10);
FIG. 4c is a three-dimensional VSP single shot gather record (ffid 20);
FIG. 5a is a pseudo-inverse VSP single shot gather record (ffid 60) after source detection interchange;
FIG. 5b is a single shot gather record (ffid 90) after source-to-source interchange;
fig. 5c shows a source-receiver interchanged single shot gather record (ffid 120);
FIG. 5d shows a source-receiver interchanged single shot gather record (ffid 180);
fig. 6a shows the result of single shot full wavefield imaging (ffid 60);
fig. 6b shows the single shot full wavefield imaging result (ffid 90);
fig. 6c shows the single shot full wavefield imaging result (ffid 120);
fig. 6d shows the single shot full wavefield imaging result (ffid 180);
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the final result of full-wave-field imaging.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional VSP source-detector interchange full wavefield imaging method, comprising:
s1, acquiring original three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data and preprocessing the seismic data to generate preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data;
s2, performing prestack velocity analysis and prestack depth migration by using the preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data generated in the step S1 to obtain a three-dimensional depth domain layer velocity model;
s3, performing source detection interchange by using the preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data generated in the step S1 to obtain corresponding pseudo-inverse VSP shot gather seismic data;
s4, obtaining full wavefield imaging results of each single shot one by using the three-dimensional depth domain layer velocity model obtained in the step S2 and the pseudo-inverse VSP shot set seismic data obtained in the step S3, and obtaining full wavefield imaging of all shots after the full wavefield imaging is completed;
s5, denoising and superposing the full wavefield imaging results of all the cannons obtained in the step S4 to obtain a final full wavefield imaging result.
Further, the raw three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data in step S1 includes the acquired seismic wave data and the location information of the source point.
Further, the preprocessing in step S1 includes:
and (S11) data de-compilation: converting the acquired original three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data (in segy format or segd format) into an internal data format (including but not limited to omega format or cgg format) which is suitable for a software system;
s12 noise attenuation: attenuating the noise of the seismic data which is subjected to data decoding in the step S11, highlighting effective signals and improving the signal-to-noise ratio;
s13 amplitude compensation; performing amplitude compensation on the seismic data subjected to noise attenuation in the step S12, wherein the amplitude compensation is used for compensating the amplitude of wave field diffusion and absorption attenuation generated by seismic waves in propagation;
s14 deconvolution: the amplitude compensated seismic data from step S13 is deconvoluted for data de-bubbling and wavelet compression.
Further, in step S4, obtaining a full-wavefield imaging result of each single shot includes the following steps:
s41, based on the acoustic full-fluctuation equation, performing single shot side full-wavefield reconstruction and single wave detection point side full-wavefield reconstruction to obtain a reconstructed shot side wave field and a reconstructed wave detection point side wave field, wherein:
the reconstructed shot point side wave field and the wave field at the wave detection point side comprise all possible primary reflection wave fields, multiple wave fields, diffraction wave fields and rotation wave fields;
s42, performing illumination compensation on the reconstructed shot-side wave field and the reconstructed wave field on the wave detection point side obtained in the step S41, and applying imaging conditions to obtain a full wave field imaging result of a single shot.
FIGS. 2 a-2 d are schematic diagrams of full wavefield reconstruction of shot and inspection points before and after interchanging the three-dimensional VSP source inspection of the present invention.
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of the original VSP (before source exchange) observation system with shot point (symbol V) on the fluctuating surface and the inspection point (symbol Δ) in the well.
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of full wavefield reconstruction of VSP shot points and inspection points before source inspection interchange, where wavefronts of full wavefields reconstructed at the shot point (V-shaped) side are concentric circular arcs (only wavefields within the earth's surface are shown); the wavefronts of the wavefield reconstructed on the side of the detection point (delta) are the superposition of the wavefields (concentric arcs of the dashed lines) of the detection points, and it can be seen that only the wavefield (the external tangent of each arc, indicated by the solid line) near the detection point set can be reconstructed, and the full wavefield of the entire space cannot be reconstructed.
FIG. 2c is a schematic view of the pseudo-inverse VSP observation system after source-detector interchange, with shot point (V-shaped) in the well and detector point (Δ) on the undulating surface.
FIG. 2d is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional VSP shot and inspection full wavefield reconstruction after source-inspection interchange. The wavefronts of the full wavefield reconstructed at the shot point (V-shaped) are complete as concentric circles; the wave detection point (delta) is positioned on the undulating surface, the wave front of the wave field reconstructed by the wave detection point is the superposition of the wave field (dotted line concentric circular arc) of each wave detection point and is the outer envelope line (solid line representation) of each concentric circle, and the wave field at the wave detection point side can be well reconstructed.
FIGS. 3 a-3 c are geological models and observation systems of the present invention using three-dimensional VSP seismic data.
FIG. 3a shows the spatial location of shot and geophone points for a three-dimensional VSP survey system, with the shot located at the surface and the geophone point located in the well.
FIG. 3b is a plan view of the three-dimensional VSP observation system (where "x" is shot and "is demodulator probe).
Fig. 3c is a partial enlarged view of fig. 3 b. As can be seen from fig. 3a to 3c, the shot points of the three-dimensional VSP observation system are located on the undulating surface, the shot points are distributed by rays with the well mouth as the center, 36 shot lines are provided, the included angle between the shot lines is 10 degrees, 25 shot points are provided for each shot line, and 900 shot points are provided; the wave detection points are positioned in the well and are arranged along the well track of the inclined well, and 200 wave detection points are arranged in total.
Fig. 4 a-4 c are shot gather data for three-dimensional VSP seismic data for use with the present invention, for a total of 900 shot gathers, 200 traces per shot, fig. 4a is a single shot record with a shot number of 1, fig. 4b is a shot gather record with a shot number of 10, and fig. 4c is a shot gather record with a shot number of 20.
Fig. 5 a-5 d are shot data of pseudo-inverse VSP seismic data obtained after source detection interchange as used in the present invention. FIG. 5a is a shot set with a shot number of 60, FIG. 5b is a shot set with a shot number of 90, FIG. 5c is a shot set with a shot number of 120, and FIG. 5d is a shot set with a shot number of 180. The source-survey interchanged seismic data contains 200 shot gather data, each shot contains 25 permutations, each permutation receives 25 lines, and each shot counts 900 lines. After source detection is interchanged, the number of shot points is reduced from 900 to 200, the number of receiving points of each shot is increased from 200 to 900, and the three-dimensional VSP full wavefield imaging after source detection interchange is high in precision, saves calculation time and improves calculation efficiency.
FIGS. 6 a-6 d are single shot results of full wavefield imaging using pseudo-inverse VSP seismic data, a three-dimensional geological model, and an observation system. Fig. 6a shows the result of single shot full wavefield imaging with shot number 60, fig. 6b shows the result of single shot full wavefield imaging with shot number 90, fig. 6c shows the result of single shot full wavefield imaging with shot number 120, and fig. 6d shows the result of single shot full wavefield imaging with shot number 180. 6 a-6 d show the effect and contribution of geophone points at the surface and shot points at different depths in the well to the imaging of the entire three-dimensional model.
Fig. 7 is the imaging result of the superposition of all shot full wavefield images.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The three-dimensional VSP source detection interchange full wavefield imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring original three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data and preprocessing the seismic data to generate preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data;
s2, performing prestack velocity analysis and prestack depth migration by using the preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data generated in the step S1 to obtain a three-dimensional depth domain layer velocity model;
s3, performing source detection interchange by using the preprocessed three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data generated in the step S1 to obtain corresponding pseudo-inverse VSP shot gather seismic data;
s4, obtaining full wavefield imaging results of each single shot one by using the three-dimensional depth domain layer velocity model obtained in the step S2 and the pseudo-inverse VSP shot set seismic data obtained in the step S3, and obtaining full wavefield imaging of all shots after the full wavefield imaging is completed;
s5, denoising and superposing the full wavefield imaging results of all cannons obtained in the step S4 to obtain a final full wavefield imaging result, wherein:
in step S4, obtaining a full wavefield imaging result for each single shot includes the following steps:
s41, based on the acoustic full-fluctuation equation, performing single shot side full-wavefield reconstruction and single wave detection point side full-wavefield reconstruction to obtain a reconstructed shot side wave field and a reconstructed wave detection point side wave field, wherein:
the reconstructed shot point side wave field and the wave field at the wave detection point side comprise all possible primary reflection wave fields, multiple wave fields, diffraction wave fields and rotation wave fields;
and S42, performing illumination compensation on the reconstructed shot-side wave field and the reconstructed wave field on the wave detection point side obtained in the step S41, and applying imaging conditions to obtain a full wave field imaging result of the single shot.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the original three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data in step S1 includes acquired seismic wave data and location information of source detection points.
3. The three-dimensional VSP source-reciprocal full wavefield imaging method of claim 1, wherein the preprocessing in step S1 includes:
and (S11) data de-compilation: converting the acquired original three-dimensional VSP shot gather seismic data into an internal data format which is adaptive to a software system;
s12 noise attenuation: attenuating the noise of the seismic data which is subjected to data decoding in the step S11, highlighting effective signals and improving the signal-to-noise ratio;
s13 amplitude compensation; performing amplitude compensation on the seismic data subjected to noise attenuation in the step S12, wherein the amplitude compensation is used for compensating the amplitude of wave field diffusion and absorption attenuation generated by seismic waves in propagation;
s14 deconvolution: the amplitude compensated seismic data from step S13 is deconvoluted for data de-bubbling and wavelet compression.
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