CN105807315B - Elastic vector reverse-time migration imaging method - Google Patents

Elastic vector reverse-time migration imaging method Download PDF

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CN105807315B
CN105807315B CN201610143873.7A CN201610143873A CN105807315B CN 105807315 B CN105807315 B CN 105807315B CN 201610143873 A CN201610143873 A CN 201610143873A CN 105807315 B CN105807315 B CN 105807315B
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CN105807315A (en
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杜启振
郭成锋
公绪飞
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China University of Petroleum East China
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China University of Petroleum East China
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction

Abstract

The invention belongs to exploration geophysics field, in particular it relates to a kind of elastic vector reverse-time migration imaging method.The present invention carries out wave field extrapolation using multi-component seismic data as input, using elastic wave propagation operator, builds elastic vector seismic wave field, and utilize the longitudinal and transverse wave field for decoupling the acquisition decoupling of extension equation method;Elastic wave cross-correlation image-forming condition is built using the vector dot product of the longitudinal and transverse wave field with focus illumination compensation, obtains multi-component seismic data elasticity vector reverse-time migration imaging results;Low frequency noise compacting is carried out to imaging results, obtains final elastic wave reverse-time migration imaging results.The present invention solves the scalar imaging problem of the longitudinal and transverse wave field of vector, improves imaging precision of the elastic reverse-time migration in the case of complicated structure.

Description

Elastic vector reverse-time migration imaging method
Technical field
The invention belongs to exploration geophysics field, in particular it relates to a kind of elastic vector reverse-time migration imaging method.
Background technology
It can be divided into two systems currently for the migration imaging of multi-component seismic data:One is scalar offset imaging body System, under the system, multi-component seismic data is first broken down into compressional wave data and shear wave data, then carries out PP and PS respectively Migration imaging;The second is multi -components combine elastic reverse-time migration imaging system, the system directly combines multi-component seismic data As the boundary value condition of vector elastic wave field, traveling-wave field reconstruct is entered based on Time Migration of Elastic Wave Equation, it is final to obtain component imaging results Or elastic wave field imaging results, it is a kind of imaging method accurate in theory.Normal conditions, using obtain elastic wave field into picture value as The multi -components elastic reverse time migration imaging method by combining of final result application image-forming condition before using Helmholtz decompose into Traveling-wave field is separated, but thus obtained compressional wave and shear wave are become relative to the amplitude and phase for being originally inputted wave field Change so that wave field separation result protects width deficiency.
In the last few years, decoupling extension equation method was developing progressively as a kind of method of the practical longitudinal and transverse wave field of acquisition.Decoupling Extension equation method can obtain the compressional wave and shear wave of the amplitude decoupling consistent with phase, but the longitudinal and transverse wave field after decoupling is Vector field, the imaging results of scalar can not be directly obtained using these vector wave fields, this brings difficulty to following explanations work.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that vector wave field can not directly obtain scalar imaging results, the present invention provides the elastic vector inverse time Offset imaging method, based on the elastic vector reverse-time migration imaging of elastic vector wave site product cross-correlation, scalar shape can be obtained The elastic reverse-time migration imaging results of formula.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical proposals:
Elastic vector reverse-time migration imaging method, step are as follows:
Step 1:According to dielectric model, given source wavelet, realize that wave field just pushes out, using decoupling extension equation method Obtain the longitudinal and transverse wave field of decoupling;
Step 2:According to dielectric model, using multi-component seismic data as boundary value condition, realize outside the inverse time of seismic wave field Push away, utilize the longitudinal and transverse wave field for decoupling the acquisition decoupling of extension equation method;
Step 3:It is imaged, is marked using the vector wave site product cross-correlation image-forming condition of source wavefield illumination compensation The imaging results of amount;
Step 4:Low frequency noise compacting is carried out to the imaging results of acquisition, obtains final imaging results.
It is as follows relative to prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:It is real to provide a kind of elastic vector reverse-time migration imaging Applying method, the elastic wave cross-correlation image-forming condition based on vector dot product structure can obtain scalar imaging knot using vector wave field Fruit, avoid the imaging section as caused by being imaged component and be excessively difficult to the difficulty being explained further.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of elastic vector reverse-time migration imaging method;
Fig. 2-1 is the velocity of longitudinal wave field according to the Marmosi2 elastic fluid models built;
Fig. 2-2 is the shear wave velocity field according to the Marmosi2 elastic fluid models built;
Fig. 3-1 is that forward direction is extrapolated to the 1s moment using decoupling continuation side in 5.8 kms to 12.4 km regions in the x direction The component of the vector compressional wave of source wavefield after the separation of journey method in the x-direction;
Fig. 3-2 is that forward direction is extrapolated to the 1s moment using decoupling continuation side in 5.8 kms to 12.4 km regions in the x direction The component of the vector compressional wave of source wavefield after the separation of journey method in the z-direction;
Fig. 3-3 is that forward direction is extrapolated to the 1s moment using decoupling continuation side in 5.8 kms to 12.4 km regions in the x direction The component of the vector shear wave of source wavefield after the separation of journey method in the x-direction;
Fig. 3-4 is that forward direction is extrapolated to the 1s moment using decoupling continuation side in 5.8 kms to 12.4 km regions in the x direction The component of the vector shear wave of source wavefield after the separation of journey method in the z-direction;
Fig. 4-1 is that inverse time continuation to the 1s moment uses decoupling continuation side in 5.8 kms to 12.4 km regions in the x direction The component of the vector compressional wave of detection wave field after the separation of journey method in the x-direction;
Fig. 4-2 is that inverse time continuation to the 1s moment uses decoupling continuation side in 5.8 kms to 12.4 km regions in the x direction The component of the vector compressional wave of detection wave field after the separation of journey method in the z-direction;
Fig. 4-3 is that inverse time continuation to the 1s moment uses decoupling continuation side in 5.8 kms to 12.4 km regions in the x direction The component of the vector shear wave of detection wave field after the separation of journey method in the x-direction;
Fig. 4-4 is that inverse time continuation to the 1s moment uses decoupling continuation side in 5.8 kms to 12.4 km regions in the x direction The component of the vector shear wave of detection wave field after the separation of journey method in the z-direction;
Fig. 5-1 be using vector dot product structure elastic wave cross-correlation image-forming condition obtain 5.8 kms in the x direction extremely PP imaging sections in 12.4 km regions;
Fig. 5-2 be using vector dot product structure elastic wave cross-correlation image-forming condition obtain 5.8 kms in the x direction extremely PS imaging sections in 12.4 km regions;
Fig. 5-3 be using vector dot product structure elastic wave cross-correlation image-forming condition obtain 5.8 kms in the x direction extremely SP imaging sections in 12.4 km regions;
Fig. 5-4 be using vector dot product structure elastic wave cross-correlation image-forming condition obtain 5.8 kms in the x direction extremely SS imaging sections in 12.4 km regions;
Fig. 6-1 is after final superposition and carries out the PP imaging sections of Laplce's filtering;
Fig. 6-2 is after final superposition and carries out the PS imaging sections of Laplce's filtering;
Fig. 6-3 is after final superposition and carries out the SP imaging sections of Laplce's filtering;
Fig. 6-4 is after final superposition and carries out the SS imaging sections of Laplce's filtering.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, elastic vector reverse-time migration method, step are as follows:
Step 1:According to dielectric model, given source wavelet, realize that wave field just pushes out, using decoupling extension equation method The longitudinal and transverse wave field of decoupling is obtained, specific method is as follows:
(1), according to dielectric model set in advance, source wavelet is loaded, using elastic wave propagation operator, realizes seismic wave The positive time continuation of field, build source vector wave field:
Utilize following one-order velocity-stress equations for elastic waves
Structure source wavefield is just pushing out staggering mesh finite-difference operator, and wherein ρ is density, and C is elastic fluid rigidity Matrix, v=(vx,vy,vz)TParticle Vibration Velocity vector field is represented, superscript notation " T " represents transposition, vxRepresent particle vibration speed Spend the component of vector field in the x-direction, vyRepresent component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field along y, vzRepresent Particle Vibration Velocity vector Component of the field along z, τ=(σxxyyzzyzxzxy)TIt is stress tensor, σxx、σyyAnd σzzIt is direct stress, τyz、τxzAnd τxy It is shearing stress,Derivative of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field on time orientation is represented,Represent stress tensor on time orientation Derivative, L is differential matrix,
Wherein, lx, lyAnd lzRepresent respectively along the derivative in x, y and z directionss, the stiffness matrix C tables in isotropic medium It is shown as
Wherein λ and μ is Lame Coefficient.Discretization is carried out to above-mentioned wave equation and obtains following elastic wave continuation operator:
Wherein, τSRepresent the discrete stress field of source wavefield, vSThe discrete Particle Vibration Velocity field of source wavefield is represented, η is border Absorption coefficient, absorption coefficient η=0 in target area, the absorption coefficient η=200 (0.5-0.5cos (π in the absorption region of border R/R)), r=1,2 ..., R, R be absorbed layer thickness, π represents pi, and Δ t be time sampling interval, when n Δs t expressions are whole Between point, (n+1/2) Δ t is half timing node, n=1,2 ..., N, T0The earthquake record that=N Δs t represents total receives duration, DfWith DbHigh-order staggering mesh finite-difference matrix operator is represented respectively, and expression is
With
WhereinWithForwardly and rearwardly Difference Schemes with Staggered in the x-direction is represented,WithRepresent in the y-direction Forwardly and rearwardly Difference Schemes with Staggered, whereinWithRepresent forwardly and rearwardly staggered-mesh difference lattice in the z-direction Formula, specific form are as follows:
Wherein, Δ x, Δ y and Δ z be respectively along the sampling interval in x, y and z directionss,It is 2M Rank staggering mesh finite-difference coefficient, f (i, j, k) are space networks lattice point (i, j, k) smooth functions.
(2), during source wavefield forward direction time continuation, the source wavefield for decoupling the acquisition decoupling of extension equation method is utilized P-wave And S data:
Using the P-wave And S field data for decoupling the acquisition decoupling of extension equation method during wave field extrapolation, pass through public affairs first Formula (3) calculates source wavefield compressional wave stress wave field:
WhereinSource wavefield compressional wave stress field,Derivative of the compressional wave stress wave field on time orientation is represented,Represent Divergence operator, then the Particle Vibration Velocity field by compressional wave stress field acquisition focus compressional wave:
WhereinSource wavefield longitudinal-wave particle vibration velocity field is represented,Represent source wavefield compressional wave Derivative of the Particle Vibration Velocity field on time orientation,Represent gradient operator,Represent the particle vibration of source wavefield compressional wave The component of velocity vector field in the x-direction,Component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of source wavefield compressional wave along y is represented,Table Show component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of source wavefield compressional wave along z, finally from the total wave field v of focusSIn subtract source wavefield Longitudinal wave fieldSource wavefield shear wave field is obtained, i.e.,
WhereinThe Particle Vibration Velocity field of source wavefield shear wave is represented,Represent that source wavefield is horizontal The component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of ripple in the x-direction,Represent the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of source wavefield shear wave along y Component,Represent component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of source wavefield shear wave along z.Outside specification word description, The present invention can also be intuitively embodied in Figure of description, accompanying drawing 3-1 is the speed given to 2-1 and Fig. 2-2 with reference to the accompanying drawings The focus longitudinal wave field obtained after the separation of the model elastic wave field that 5.8 kms to 12.4 km regions calculate in the x direction is in the x-direction Component;Accompanying drawing 3-2 is the rate pattern given to 2-1 and Fig. 2-2 with reference to the accompanying drawings 5.8 kms to 12.4 kms in the x direction The component of the focus longitudinal wave field obtained after the elastic wave field separation that region calculates in the z-direction;Accompanying drawing 3-3 is to 2-1 with reference to the accompanying drawings Obtained after being separated with the given rate pattern elastic wave fields that 5.8 kms calculate to 12.4 km regions in the x direction of Fig. 2-2 The component of focus shear wave field in the x-direction, accompanying drawing 3-4 be to 2-1 and Fig. 2-2 with reference to the accompanying drawings give rate pattern in the x direction The component of the focus shear wave field obtained after the elastic wave field separation that 5.8 kms to 12.4 km regions calculate in the z-direction.From accompanying drawing 3-1 to accompanying drawing 3-4 can clearly be seen that wave field is separated and come.
Step 2:According to dielectric model, using multi-component seismic data as boundary value condition, realize outside the inverse time of seismic wave field Push away, it is as follows using the longitudinal and transverse wave field for decoupling the acquisition decoupling of extension equation method, specific method:
(1), according to dielectric model set in advance, using the multi-component seismic data of surface seismic records as boundary value condition, profit With elastic wave propagation operator, the inverse time continuation of seismic wave field is realized, builds detection vector wave field:
By multi-component earthquake data as boundary value condition, it is loaded into following inverse time extrapolation equation
Wherein, τRRepresent the discrete stress field of detection wave field, vRThe discrete Particle Vibration Velocity field of detection wave field is represented, η is border Absorption coefficient, absorption coefficient η=0 in target area, the absorption coefficient η=200 (0.5-0.5cos (π in the absorption region of border R/R)), r=1,2 ..., R, R be absorbed layer thickness, π represents pi, and Δ t be time sampling interval, when n Δs t expressions are whole Between point, (n+1/2) Δ t is half timing node, n=1,2 ..., N, T0The earthquake record that=N Δs t represents total receives duration, DfWith DbHigh-order staggering mesh finite-difference matrix operator is represented respectively, and expression is
With
WhereinWithForwardly and rearwardly Difference Schemes with Staggered in the x-direction is represented,WithRepresent along y side To forwardly and rearwardly Difference Schemes with Staggered, whereinWithRepresent forwardly and rearwardly staggered-mesh difference in the z-direction Form, specific form are as follows:
Wherein, Δ x, Δ y and Δ z be respectively along the sampling interval in x, y and z directionss,It is 2M Rank staggering mesh finite-difference coefficient, f (i, j, k) are space networks lattice point (i, j, k) smooth functions.
(2), during detection wave field inverse time continuation, the detection wave field for decoupling the acquisition decoupling of extension equation method is utilized P-wave And S data:
Using the P-wave And S field data for decoupling the acquisition decoupling of extension equation method during wave field extrapolation, pass through public affairs first Formula (7) calculates detection wave field compressional wave stress field:
WhereinDetection wave field compressional wave stress field,Derivative of the detection wave field compressional wave stress field on time orientation is represented,Divergence operator is represented, then the Particle Vibration Velocity field of detection wave field compressional wave is obtained by detection wave field compressional wave stress field:
WhereinDetection wave field longitudinal-wave particle vibration velocity field is represented,Represent detection wave field compressional wave Derivative of the Particle Vibration Velocity field on time orientation,Represent gradient operator,Represent the particle vibration of detection wave field compressional wave The component of velocity vector field in the x-direction,Component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of detection wave field compressional wave along y is represented,Table Show component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of detection wave field compressional wave along z, finally from the total wave field v of detection wave fieldRIn subtract detection Wave field longitudinal wave fieldDetection wave field shear wave field is obtained, i.e.,
WhereinThe Particle Vibration Velocity field of detection wave field shear wave is represented,Represent that detection wave field is horizontal The component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of ripple in the x-direction,Represent the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field edge of detection wave field shear wave Y component,Represent component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of detection wave field shear wave along z.Accompanying drawing 4-1 is that detection wave field passes through The component of the vector longitudinal wave field that solution decoupling extension equation method obtains in the x-direction;Accompanying drawing 4-2 is detection wave field by decoupling continuation side The component of the vector longitudinal wave field that journey method obtains in the z-direction;Accompanying drawing 4-3 is the arrow that detection wave field is obtained by decoupling extension equation method Measure the component of shear wave field in the x-direction, accompanying drawing 4-4 is detection wave field by decoupling vector shear wave field that extension equation method obtains along z The component in direction.It can clearly be seen that wave field is separated from accompanying drawing 4-1 to accompanying drawing 4-4 to come.
Step 3:It is imaged, is marked using the vector wave site product cross-correlation image-forming condition of source wavefield illumination compensation The imaging results of amount, specific method are as follows:
The detection wave field decoupling P-wave And S that the source wavefield decoupling P-wave And S obtained using step 1 is obtained with step 2 enters Go as follows
Vector dot product cross-correlation is imaged, and carries out focus illumination compensation, obtains the multi-component seismic data elasticity vector inverse time Offset scalar imaging results.Wherein IPPRepresent PP imaging results, IPSIt is PS imaging results, ISPIt is SP imaging results, ISSSS into As result, t represents time, T0Represent that earthquake record receives duration,Represent that source wavefield longitudinal-wave particle is shaken Dynamic velocity field,The component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of source wavefield compressional wave in the x-direction is represented,Represent source wavefield Component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of compressional wave along y,Represent the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of source wavefield compressional wave along z's Component,Detection wave field longitudinal-wave particle vibration velocity field is represented,Represent that the particle of detection wave field compressional wave shakes The component of dynamic velocity vector field in the x-direction,Component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of detection wave field compressional wave along y is represented, Component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of detection wave field compressional wave along z is represented,Represent source wavefield shear wave Particle Vibration Velocity field,The component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of source wavefield shear wave in the x-direction is represented,Represent Component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of source wavefield shear wave along y,Represent the Particle Vibration Velocity arrow of source wavefield shear wave Component of the field along z is measured,The Particle Vibration Velocity field of detection wave field shear wave is represented,Represent detection wave field The component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of shear wave in the x-direction,Represent the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of detection wave field shear wave Along y component,Component of the Particle Vibration Velocity vector field of detection wave field shear wave along z is represented, symbol represents vector dot product. Outside specification word description, the present invention can also be intuitively embodied in Figure of description, Fig. 5-1 is utilized based on illumination The PP imaging sections that the elastic wave cross-correlation image-forming condition of the vector dot product structure of compensation obtains;Fig. 5-2 is utilized based on illumination The PS imaging sections that the elastic wave cross-correlation image-forming condition of the vector dot product structure of compensation obtains;Fig. 5-3 is utilized based on illumination The SP imaging sections that the elastic wave cross-correlation image-forming condition of the vector dot product structure of compensation obtains;Fig. 5-4 is utilized based on illumination The SS imaging sections that the elastic wave cross-correlation image-forming condition of the vector dot product structure of compensation obtains.
Step 4:Low frequency noise compacting is carried out to the imaging results of acquisition, specific implementation method is as follows:
Utilize following Laplce's filtering algorithm
Processing is filtered to imaging section, obtains final imaging results.WhereinRepresent Laplace operator,WithIt is to carry out filtered PP, PS, SP and SS imaging section of Laplce respectively.Fig. 6-1 is most The superposition at end simultaneously carries out the PP imaging sections of Laplce's filtering.Fig. 6-2 is final superposition and carries out Laplce's filtering PS imaging sections, Fig. 6-3 is final superposition and carries out the SP imaging sections of Laplce's filtering, and Fig. 6-4 is final superposition And carry out the SS imaging sections of Laplce's filtering.

Claims (1)

1. elastic vector reverse-time migration imaging method, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
Step 1:According to dielectric model, given source wavelet, realize that wave field just pushes out, obtained using extension equation method is decoupled The longitudinal and transverse wave field of vector of decoupling;Concrete methods of realizing is as follows:
(1), according to dielectric model set in advance, source wavelet is loaded, using elastic wave propagation operator, realizes seismic wave field Positive time continuation, build source vector wave field;
(2), during source wavefield forward direction time continuation, the vector for decoupling the acquisition source wavefield decoupling of extension equation method is utilized P-wave And S field data;
Step 2:According to dielectric model, using multi-component seismic data as boundary value condition, the inverse time extrapolation of seismic wave field, profit are realized The longitudinal and transverse wave field of vector of decoupling is obtained with decoupling extension equation method;Concrete methods of realizing is as follows:
(1), according to dielectric model set in advance, using the multi-component seismic data of surface seismic records as boundary value condition, bullet is utilized Property ripple propagation operator, realize the inverse time continuation of seismic wave field, build detection vector wave field;
(2), during detection wave field inverse time continuation, indulged using the vector for decoupling the acquisition detection wave field decoupling of extension equation method, Shear wave field data;
Step 3:It is imaged using the vector wave site product cross-correlation image-forming condition of source wavefield illumination compensation, obtains scalar Imaging results;Concrete methods of realizing is that the longitudinal and transverse wave field of vector of the source wavefield decoupling obtained using step 1 is obtained with step 2 The longitudinal and transverse wave field of vector of detection wave field decoupling carry out vector dot product computing cross-correlation, obtain multi-component seismic data elasticity arrow Measure reverse-time migration scalar imaging results;The following institute of vector wave site product cross-correlation image-forming condition with source wavefield illumination compensation Show:
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Wherein:IPPRepresent PP imaging results, IPSIt is PS imaging results, ISPIt is SP imaging results, ISSIt is SS imaging results, t is represented Time, T0Represent that earthquake record receives duration,Source wavefield longitudinal-wave particle vibration velocity field is represented,Represent that detection wave field is indulged Ripple Particle Vibration Velocity field,Source wavefield shear wave Particle Vibration Velocity field is represented,Represent detection wave field shear wave particle vibration Velocity field, symbol represent vector dot product;
Step 4:Low frequency noise compacting is carried out to the imaging results of acquisition, obtains final imaging results;Specific implementation is using drawing This filtering algorithm of pula is filtered processing to imaging section, obtains final imaging results.
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