CN109100670A - A kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems - Google Patents
A kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN109100670A CN109100670A CN201810180610.2A CN201810180610A CN109100670A CN 109100670 A CN109100670 A CN 109100670A CN 201810180610 A CN201810180610 A CN 201810180610A CN 109100670 A CN109100670 A CN 109100670A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to technical field of electric power detection to have filled up the vacancy of the checking procedure of optical fiber measurement method more particularly, to a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems.The optical fibre ultrasonic sensor TUT of verification undetermined and two piezo-electric types acoustic emission sensor RT-0 and RT-1 are formed into three pairs of sensor calibration combinations, there is using inverse piezoelectric effect to the injection of the signal end of RT-0 or RT-1 the Tone Burst voltage signal of different dominant frequency, sound emission vibration signal is motivated on piezoelectric ceramics crystal face, the elastic wave to form supersonic range is propagated by a kind of PMMA organic glass medium block in this vibration sounding source.The voltage signal measured by fibre optic interferometer sensor-based system also needs to be reduced into the transmission light wave in optical fiber by phase modulation and demodulation of interferometric and is disturbed the phase change to be formed by external sound wave.It is calculated finally, the sensitivity response characteristic of the optical fibre ultrasonic sensor of inspection undetermined can test resulting electric parameter measurement voltage by three groups of verifications.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of electric power detection, more particularly, to a kind of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems
Sensitivity check method.
Background technique
The security and stability of electric system depends primarily on the operation shape of wherein used various high voltage electric equipments
Condition.Shelf depreciation is to be widely recognized to lead to high voltage equipment insulation medium long term deterioration, or even breakdown accident, fire occurs
Or the main reason for equipment permanent damages.For a long time, measurement of partial discharge is not in high voltage electric equipment preventive trial
It can or lack.
Carrying out Partial Discharge Detection common methods to cable in the case of scene electrification at present has electrical quantities measurement method, ultrasound
Wave method and optical fibre measuring method.Wherein electrical measurements are highly prone to the influence of the various interference noises at cable scene, measurement knot
Fruit reliability is lower；Supercritical ultrasonics technology is very fast due to decaying when acoustical signal is along cable distribution, bad to the detection effect of long cable；
And optical fiber measurement method combines sound detection and flash spotting, more preferable to the shield effectiveness of electromagnetic interference, detection sensitivity is higher.Light
Fibre sensing ultrasonic measurement technology is considered to be in long-distance cable condition detection method most promising new technology and new
Method, but the problem is that, the discharge capacity correction course about local discharge signal, optical fiber are defined different from electrical measuring method
Mensuration does not have checking procedure, so that test result can not calibrate.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to overcome at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art described above, provides a kind of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasound
The sensitivity check method of sensor-based system, carries out optical fiber measurement method perfect, its measurement result is made to have the verification side of a standard
Method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, present invention employs following technical solutions:
A kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems, includes the following steps:
S01: Tone Burst driving voltage signal is generated by signal generator；
S02: three groups of verifications of setting are tested: experimental rig includes transmitting and reception device harmony transmission medium block, transmitting and
Reception device includes the first acoustic emission sensor RT-0, the second acoustic emission sensor RT-1 and fibre optical sensor to be verified
It is as follows three groups of tests to be arranged in above-mentioned experimental rig by TUT:
Test 1: it selects RT-0 as emitter, selects RT-1 as reception device, the Tone Burst excitation electricity
It presses signal input emission device to generate acoustic vibration signal, is transmitted by sound transmission medium block, then connect by reception device
It receives；
Test 2: it selects RT-0 as emitter, selects TUT as reception device, the Tone Burst excitation electricity
It presses signal input emission device to generate acoustic vibration signal, is transmitted by sound transmission medium block, then connect by reception device
It receives；
Test 3: it selects RT-1 as emitter, selects TUT as reception device, the Tone Burst excitation electricity
It presses signal input emission device to generate acoustic vibration signal, is transmitted by sound transmission medium block, then connect by reception device
It receives；
S03: the phase change of test 2 and the differential voltage signal of TUT output in test 3 in step S02 is calculated separately
Amount；
S04: transfer impedance when RT-1 is as emitter and reception device in step S02 is calculated separately；
S05: the sensitivity response numerical value of fibre optical sensor TUT is calculated；
S06: scanning the dominant frequency of the Tone Burst driving voltage signal, obtains the sensitivity frequency of fibre optical sensor TUT
Rate resonse characteristic.
Further, in each test of step S02, carry out photosignal transmission twice, one for by emitter and
Reception device is placed on the ipsilateral carry out ultrasound signal transmission of sound transmission medium block；Two is respectively by emitter and reception dresses
Set the two sides progress ultrasound signal transmission for being individually placed to sound transmission medium block.
Preferably, the first acoustic emission sensor RT-0 is D9241A acoustic emission sensor, the second acoustic emission sensor RT-1
For R3 α acoustic emission sensor.
Further, phase changing capacity is detected by fibre optic interferometer structure in step S03.
Further, the sensitivity response numerical value of the fibre optical sensor TUT in step S05 passes through signal transfer function
It is calculated.
Preferably, the scan frequency in step S06 is 10kHz~100kHz.
Further, in test 1, emitter is connected with any wave generator, and reception device is connected in turn
Preamplifier and four-way data collection system, emitter and reception device are directly contacted with sound transmission medium block.
Further, in test 2 and test 3, emitter is connected with any wave generator, reception device according to
Secondary to be connected with delay transmission fiber, fiber coupler, broadband laser source, fiber coupler is also connected with photodetector, photoelectricity
Detector connects four-way data collection system.
Preferably, sound transmission medium block is PMMA organic glass medium block.
The present invention is directed to optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems, proposes the sensitivity frequency using principle of reciprocity operation
Rate response characteristic check test method, by the optical fibre ultrasonic sensor TUT of verification undetermined and two piezo-electric type acoustic emission sensors
RT-0 and RT-1 forms three pairs of sensor calibration combinations, has using inverse piezoelectric effect to the injection of the signal end of RT-0 or RT-1
The Tone Burst voltage signal of different dominant frequency, has motivated sound emission vibration signal, this vibration sounding on piezoelectric ceramics crystal face
The elastic wave to form supersonic range is propagated by a kind of PMMA organic glass medium block in source.By by receiving sensor and transmitting
Sensor is placed on the ipsilateral of transmission medium block and measures surface acoustic wave transmission, and is placed on medium block opposite side can to measure sound vertical
Wave transmission.Optical fibre ultrasonic sensor does not have invertible operation, so only using TUT as receiving sensor.It is dry by optical fiber
The transmission light that the voltage signal that interferometer sensor-based system measures also needs to be reduced by phase modulation and demodulation of interferometric in optical fiber
Wave is disturbed the phase change to be formed by external sound wave.Finally, the sensitivity response characteristic of the optical fibre ultrasonic sensor of inspection undetermined
Resulting electric parameter measurement voltage can be tested by three groups of verifications to be calculated.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect is: a kind of sensitivity check method for optical fiber measurement method is provided,
The vacancy of the checking procedure of optical fiber measurement method is filled up；Sensitivity check need to only measure piezoelectric transducer and fibre optical sensor
Output voltage signal, pumping signal have done normalized, are not related to the measurement of acoustical parameter, this will simplify fiber ultrasonic
The complexity of transducer sensitivity check test system, and the repeatability that checking experiment will be improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the test process schematic one for testing 1.
Fig. 2 is the test process schematic two for testing 1.
Fig. 3 is the test process schematic one for testing 2 and 3.
Fig. 4 is the test process schematic two for testing 2 and 3.
Fig. 5 is the time domain waveform and spectrum analysis figure of Tone Burst voltage signal.
Fig. 6 is propagation path schematic diagram of the surface wave in transmission test block.
Fig. 7 is propagation path schematic diagram of the longitudinal wave in transmission test block.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing, and attached drawing only for illustration, should not be understood as pair
The limitation of this patent.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
S01: Tone Burst driving voltage signal is generated by signal generator；
Sound wave can generate reflection in limited dimensions Propagation on boundary, be swashed using continuous sine wave voltage signal
Incident acoustic wave caused by encouraging and its reflected acoustic wave are overlapped mutually in communication process, and superposition does not change frequency of sound wave, but can change
The amplitude and phase information of change of voice signal.It is substituted and is connected using the sine-wave excitation voltage signal (Tone Burst) of time-domain windowed
Continuous sine wave signal can make direct incidence wave that can distinguish with its subsequent back wave in time domain waveform, prevent from receiving
The voltage waveform that sensor detects is reflected wave and repeats superposition bring measuring error.
The time domain waveform of Tone Burst voltage signal and spectrum analysis are as shown in Figure 5.Tone Burst was connected by the time
Continuous sine wave signal generates the waveform with finite time length by time-domain windowed, and signal envelope is pulse square wave
Time window has regular hour length τ, is sine wave carrier signal f inside signal0.In terms of frequency domain, Tone Burst
Signal characteristic be centre frequency be f0The narrow band signal with certain frequency bandwidth, the duration τ of bandwidth and time window at
Inverse relation.
S02: three groups of verifications of setting are tested: experimental rig includes transmitting and reception device and PMMA organic glass medium block,
Transmitting and reception device include that the first acoustic emission sensor RT-0, the second acoustic emission sensor RT-1 and optical fiber to be verified pass
It is as follows three groups of tests to be arranged in above-mentioned experimental rig by sensor TUT:
Test 1: it selects RT-0 as emitter, selects RT-1 as reception device, the Tone Burst excitation electricity
It presses signal input emission device to generate acoustic vibration signal, is transmitted by sound transmission medium block, then connect by reception device
It receives；
Test 2: it selects RT-0 as emitter, selects TUT as reception device, the Tone Burst excitation electricity
It presses signal input emission device to generate acoustic vibration signal, is transmitted by sound transmission medium block, then connect by reception device
It receives；
Test 3: it selects RT-1 as emitter, selects TUT as reception device, the Tone Burst excitation electricity
It presses signal input emission device to generate acoustic vibration signal, is transmitted by transmission medium block, then connect by reception device
It receives；
Further, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, in test 1, emitter 2 is connected with any wave generator 1, connects
Receiving apparatus 4 is connected with preamplifier 5 and four-way data collection system 6 in turn, emitter 2 and reception device 4 with
PMMA organic glass medium block 3 directly contacts.It is f that any wave generator 1, which generates basic frequency,0Tone Burst voltage
Signal Ir(f), it is injected into the signal output port of emitter 2, using the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezo-electric crystal, in the pressure of RT-0
The sound emission vibration mode perpendicular to crystal face vibration can have been motivated on electroceramics crystal face.This emission sound source can be in transmission medium
Two kinds of acoustic propagation modes of surface acoustic wave harmony longitudinal wave are formed in PMMA test block 3, by the way that reception device 4 is individually positioned in PMMA
Ipsilateral (for the receiving surface acoustic wave) of organic glass medium block 3 and opposite side (for receiving sound longitudinal wave), reception device 4 receive
Signal carries out the amplification of analog signal, gain amplifier G by preamplifier 5r.Finally using four-way track data acquisition system
The channel A and channel B of system 6 measure Tone Burst trigger signal I respectivelyr(f) and RT-1 receive and by gain amplifier
GrVoltage waveform E afterwardsr(f)。
As shown in Figures 3 and 4, in test 2 and test 3, emitter 2 is connected with any wave generator 1, receives
Device 10 is connected with delay transmission fiber 9,3 × 3 fiber couplers 8,7,3 × 3 fiber coupler 8 of broadband laser source in turn also
It is connected with photodetector 11, photodetector 11 connects four-way data collection system 6.
Further, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, in each test, two infrasound signals transmission are carried out, one is that will emit
Device and reception device are placed on the ipsilateral carry out acoustical signal transmission of sound transmission medium block；Two is respectively by emitter and receptions
The two sides that device is individually placed to sound transmission medium block carry out acoustical signal transmission.By any wave generator 1 Tone generated
Burst driving voltage signal I0(f) signal output end of emitter 2, the sound emission chatter that piezo-electric crystal generates are injected into
Source forms two kinds of acoustic wave modes of surface wave and longitudinal wave by PMMA organic glass medium block 3, by the reception device 10 of verification undetermined
The ipsilateral or opposite side of PMMA organic glass medium block 3 is placed to examine both acoustic propagation modes respectively, finally uses four-way
The channel A and channel C/D of data collection system 6 measure Tone Burst trigger signal I respectively0(f) and differential balance photoelectricity
The voltage signal E of 11 output end of detector0(f)。
In above-mentioned steps S01 each group verification test used in Tone Burst signal, maximum time length limited in
It direct propagation path of the sound wave in transmission medium from emission sensor to receiving sensor and reflects to reach by interface and receives
The time difference of all secondary reflection propagation paths of sensor.As shown in fig. 6, the propagation path for surface wave in transmission test block
Schematic diagram, directapath are the propagation distance D between two sensors, are generally taken as 10~20cm, when the propagation of directapath
Between by Δ t0=D/vRIt calculates, v in formulaRIt is the velocity of sound of surface wave in transmission medium.Back wave shares three propagation paths, and two
It is left and right end face reflection path: first is that surface acoustic wave reaches receiving sensor after test block left side is reflected, second is that sound surface
Wave returns to receiving sensor after test block right side is reflected, and the propagation time is by Δ t1,2=(D+2R)/vRIt calculates, R is in formula
Sensor is at a distance from test block boundary；Third is that refraction and secondary reflection path: being refracted into the sound longitudinal wave formed inside test block
Mode reaches receiving sensor after bottom reflection, and the propagation time is by Δ t3> 2L/vLDetermine lower limit, v in formulaLIt is transmission medium
The velocity of sound of middle longitudinal wave acoustic mode, L are test block thickness.As shown in fig. 7, the propagation path schematic diagram for longitudinal wave in transmission test block, directly
Connecing path, to be longitudinal wave reach receiving sensor from emission sensor along test block thickness direction, and the propagation time is by Δ t0=L/vLMeter
It calculates.For back wave also there are three types of propagation path, two paths are that longitudinal wave acoustic mode is reflected into the upper and lower end face of test block up to reception biography
The propagation path of sensor, the propagation time is by Δ t1,2> 2R/vL；It (3) is longitudinal wave acoustic mode multiple reflections between two sensors
Path, the propagation time is by Δ t3> 3L/vLDetermine lower limit.Surface wave propagation situation in either Fig. 6 or the longitudinal wave in Fig. 7
Propagation condition will inhibit the aliasing effect of back wave Yu direct incidence wave, to the qualifications of Tone Burst pumping signal
It is: while meeting Δ t1,2-Δt0> τ and Δ t3-Δt0> τ.
S03: the phase change of test 2 and the differential voltage signal of TUT output in test 3 in step S02 is calculated separately
Amount；
Sagnac interferometer structure is selected in the present embodiment, system includes broadband laser source 7,3 × 3 fiber couplers
8, postpone transmission fiber 9, the fiber-optic sensor probe 10 of verification undetermined, photodetector 11 and four-way track data acquisition system
The parts such as system 6.Sagnac interferometer system is using path sensor fibre circuit altogether, the continuous light that broadband laser source 7 exports
Wave is divided into two-way light wave by 3 × 3 fiber couplers 8, respectively (the inscribed fiber-optic sensor probe in delay transmission fiber
10) it assembles and does in 3 × 3 fiber couplers 8 again with anticlockwise same paths clockwise
It relates to, interference light wave is converted into differential voltage signal by photodetector 11, finally complete in four-way data collection system 6
At digital collection.
The light intensity of the coherent light of 3 × 3 fiber couplers 8 output has following form:
I=Idc+Iac·cos[Φ(t)]
In formula, Φ (t)=s (t)+φnContain the phase offset measured signal s (t) as caused by ultrasonic wave and laser source
Phase noise φn。
The purpose of demodulating algorithm is to establish the linear relationship of measured signal s (t) He relevant output intensity.The present embodiment is adopted
With phase carrier demodulating algorithm (Phase Generated Carrier), phase-modulation item π sin (ω is introduced in coherent lightmT), then output intensity becomes
I=Idc+Iac·cos[πsin(ωmt)+Φ(t)]
11 output difference voltage form of photodetector, both ends output voltage have 180 ° of inverted phases, output form
V1(t)=Vdc+Vac·cos[πsin(ωmt)+Φ(t)]
V2(t)=Vdc-Vac·cos[πsin(ωmt)+Φ(t)]
Two-way voltage signal obtains after differential amplification
V3(t)=2GVac·cos[πsin(ωmt)+Φ(t)]
G is amplifier gain in formula.
Above formula can be expanded into trigonometric function
V3(t)=2GVac·{cos[πsin(ωmt)]cos[Φ(t)]-sin[πsin(ωmt)]sin[Φ(t)]}
And apply the first Bessel function expansion
Substitution can be calculated V3(t) primary and secondary harmonic component
The amplitude parts of the two frequency categorizations just contain the useful information of measured signal, and the two is divided by, and disappear light intensity
The loop parameters such as alternating-current magnitude, photoelectric conversion factors, differential amplification gain, then
S04: transfer impedance when RT-1 is as emitter and reception device in step S02 is calculated separately；
In the test 1 and test 3 as described in step S01, RT-1 sensor is not only as emission sensor, but also as connecing
Sensor is received, transfer impedance is defined as
Wherein T1(f) and R1It (f) is that transmitting and received sensitivity frequency receptance function, the two are divided by with Europe respectively
The unit dimension of nurse.Both transmission functions can generally be obtained by the factory test data of piezoelectric transducer product, so TR-1
Transfer impedance with invertible operation is also that can be calculated.
S05: the sensitivity response numerical value of fibre optical sensor TUT is calculated；
The transmission function of above-mentioned three groups of tests can indicate respectively are as follows:
Er(f)=Gr(f)R1(f)H(f)T1(f)Ir(f)
E0(f)=Gpd(f)R(f)H(f)T0(f)I0(f)
E1(f)=Gpd(f)R(f)H(f)T1(f)I1(f)
The mutual ease for operation that signal transduction chain road has according to RT-1 can be solved undetermined by three set of equations above
The receiving sensitivity of the fibre optical sensor TUT of verification responds
Further, simplified experiment condition: I can also be set0(f)=I1(f)=Ir(f)=Es(f), then above formula can
Become
As it can be seen that we need to only measure the output electricity of piezoelectric transducer and fibre optical sensor by three groups of checking experiments of design
Press signal, so that it may calculate the sensitivity response function of the fibre optical sensor TUT of verification undetermined.
S06: scanning the dominant frequency of the Tone Burst driving voltage signal, obtains the sensitivity frequency of fibre optical sensor TUT
Rate individual features curve.Ultrasonic wave frequency band for measurement of partial discharge is generally within the scope of 20kHz~80kHz, so frequency sweep
Range can expand in right amount in 10kHz~100kHz frequency band, and frequency resolution is then by Tone Burst pulse excitation signal
Duration limited.
In the present embodiment, sound transmission medium block has selected PMMA organic glass medium block, is compared to steel material,
The surface wave velocity of sound of PMMA medium is 1242m/s, and longitudinal wave velocity is 2700m/s, and the velocity of sound in steel medium is respectively
2996m/s and 5960m/s.As described above, in order to eliminate the reflected acoustic wave on transmission medium boundary and the aliasing of excitation sound wave,
Transmission test block must be it is sufficiently large, the benefit using PMMA dielectric material be exactly its velocity of sound be not quickly, so need to
Test block size is very big there is no need to what is done.Moreover, the density of material of PMMA is 1180kg/m3, the density of steel is
The PMMA test block weight of 7700kg/m3, such small size low-density are also more light than bloom.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention within the spirit and principle of invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems, which comprises the steps of:
S01: Tone Burst driving voltage signal is generated by signal generator；
S02: three groups of verifications of setting are tested: experimental rig includes transmitting and reception device harmony transmission medium block, emits and receives
Device includes the first acoustic emission sensor RT-0, the second acoustic emission sensor RT-1 and fibre optical sensor TUT to be verified, will be upper
It is as follows to state experimental rig three groups of tests of setting:
Test 1: it selects RT-0 as emitter, selects RT-1 as reception device, the Tone Burst driving voltage letter
Number input emission device generates acoustic vibration signal, is transmitted by sound transmission medium block, then received by reception device；
Test 2: it selects RT-0 as emitter, selects TUT as reception device, the Tone Burst driving voltage signal
Input emission device generates acoustic vibration signal, is transmitted by sound transmission medium block, then received by reception device；
Test 3: it selects RT-1 as emitter, selects TUT as reception device, the Tone Burst driving voltage signal
Input emission device generates acoustic vibration signal, is transmitted by sound transmission medium block, then received by reception device；
S03: the phase changing capacity of test 2 and the differential voltage signal of TUT output in test 3 in step S02 is calculated separately；
S04: transfer impedance when RT-1 is as emitter and reception device in step S02 is calculated separately；
S05: the sensitivity response numerical value of fibre optical sensor TUT is calculated；
S06: scanning the dominant frequency of the Tone Burst driving voltage signal, and the sensitivity frequency for obtaining fibre optical sensor TUT is rung
Answer characteristic curve.
2. a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems according to claim 1, feature
It is, in each test of the step S02, carries out photosignal transmission twice, one is by emitter and to receive dress
It is seated in the ipsilateral carry out ultrasound signal transmission of sound transmission medium block；Two be respectively to put emitter and reception device respectively
Ultrasound signal transmission is carried out in the two sides of sound transmission medium block.
3. a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems according to claim 1 or 2, special
Sign is that the first acoustic emission sensor RT-0 is D9241A acoustic emission sensor, second acoustic emission sensor
RT-1 is R3 α acoustic emission sensor.
4. a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems according to claim 1, feature
It is, phase changing capacity is detected by fibre optic interferometer structure in the step S03.
5. a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems according to claim 1, feature
It is, the sensitivity response numerical value of the fibre optical sensor TUT in the step S05 is calculated by signal transfer function.
6. a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems according to claim 1, feature
It is, the scan frequency in the step S06 is 10kHz~100kHz.
7. a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems according to claim 1, feature
It is, in the test 1, the emitter is connected with any wave generator, before the reception device is connected in turn
Amplifier and four-way data collection system are set, the emitter and reception device are directly contacted with sound transmission medium block.
8. a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems according to claim 1, feature
It is, in the test 2 and test 3, the emitter is connected with any wave generator, and the reception device successively connects
It is connected to delay transmission fiber, fiber coupler, broadband laser source, the fiber coupler is also connected with photodetector, described
Photodetector connects four-way data collection system.
9. a kind of sensitivity check method of optical fiber shelf depreciation ultrasonic sensor systems according to claim 1, feature
It is, the sound transmission medium block is PMMA organic glass medium block.
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