CN109100664A - A kind of measurement method of space small magnetic field - Google Patents
A kind of measurement method of space small magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN109100664A CN109100664A CN201810640286.8A CN201810640286A CN109100664A CN 109100664 A CN109100664 A CN 109100664A CN 201810640286 A CN201810640286 A CN 201810640286A CN 109100664 A CN109100664 A CN 109100664A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0017—Means for compensating offset magnetic fields or the magnetic flux to be measured; Means for generating calibration magnetic fields
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/40—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measurement methods of space small magnetic field, are sequentially generated uniform strong magnetic field known to three or more intensity in space small magnetic field direction to be measured, the intensity is 30 times or more of magnetic disturbance field intensity；Superimposed space total magnetic field value every time is measured by optical pumped magnetometer, the optical pumped magnetometer axis is along the direction of small magnetic field to be measured, the equation group about small magnetic field intensity to be measured, uniform strong magnetic field intensity, magnetic disturbance field intensity, space total magnetic field value and magnetic disturbance field and optical pumped magnetometer axis direction angle is constructed using trigonometric function relationship, the intensity value of space small magnetic field to be measured is obtained by solve system of equation.The measurement changed to space small magnetic field to be measured may be implemented in the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum Technology of Precision Measurement fields, and in particular to a kind of measurement method of space small magnetic field.
Background technique
In space magnetic field field of detecting, optical pumped magnetometer is a kind of most widely used scalar magnetometer, has measurement model
The advantages that width, high sensitivity, precision are high and frequency response is fast is enclosed, is usually used in measuring the overall strength in earth's magnetic field.Optical pumped magnetometer
There are blind areas in measurement process, i.e., the direction in magnetic field only to be measured and the angle of magnetometer optical axis are in a certain particular range
When just can normally measure, otherwise without signal.
When optical pumped magnetometer is equipped on high rail satellite, since the intensity far from the earth, earth's magnetic field only has 100nT magnitude left
The right side, and the magnetic disturbance of satellite platform still keeps original level.Magnetic disturbance includes: the interference of (1) soft magnetism, mainly by satellite borne equipment
It generates, such as wireless device interference, the interference of various electrical equipments etc., the frequency of interference is generally relatively high；(2) Hard Magnetic interferes, main
Will and itself material motor-driven with satellite it is related, the frequency of interference is interfered much larger close to magnetostatic field frequencies range, intensity compared with soft magnetism
Times.These magnetic disturbances that satellite platform generates are not of uniform size and direction is not fixed, and lead to the synthesis field direction with earth's magnetic field to be measured
Also it is not fixed, it is easy to be detached from the workspace of optical pumped magnetometer and can not effectively measure.In particular, if interference field perpendicular to
Geodetic magnetic field and when being much larger than earth's magnetic field to be measured, it will cause field to be measured to the contribution of total magnetic field size much smaller than optical pumped magnetometer
Resolution ratio.When earth's magnetic field to be measured is in 100nT magnitude, and satellite interference field is much larger than earth's magnetic field to be measured, reaches 30 times of earth's magnetic field
When above, earth's magnetic field can be known as to space small magnetic field.Therefore, it for the measurement of space small magnetic field, needs to solve optical pumped magnetometer
Work blind area and small magnetic field the problems such as being unable to measure.
Currently, common space magnetic measurement equipment mainly has flux-gate magnetometer and optical pumped magnetometer.Due to working principle
Limitation, in accumulation at any time and in temperature changing process there is drift, will affect magnetic survey number in flux-gate magnetometer
According to accuracy.The sensitivity that magnetic-field measurement at this stage requires is also very high, needs to measure the even lower magnetic anomaly of pT magnitude
Signal, flux-gate magnetometer is extremely difficult to have sensitivity low in this way.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, small magnetic to be measured to space may be implemented the present invention provides a kind of measurement method of space small magnetic field
The measurement of field variation.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
A kind of measurement method of space small magnetic field is sequentially generated known to three or more intensity in space small magnetic field direction to be measured
Uniform strong magnetic field, the intensity is 30 times or more of magnetic disturbance field intensity；It is superimposed every time by optical pumped magnetometer measurement
Space total magnetic field value, the optical pumped magnetometer axis along the direction of small magnetic field to be measured, using the building of trigonometric function relationship about to
Survey small magnetic field intensity, uniform strong magnetic field intensity, magnetic disturbance field intensity, space total magnetic field value and magnetic disturbance field and optical pumped magnetometer
The equation group of axis direction angle obtains the intensity value of space small magnetic field to be measured by solve system of equation.
If magnetic disturbance field is perpendicular to small magnetic field direction to be measured, and one in the superposition of space small magnetic field direction to be measured is uniformly strong
When magnetic field is much larger than magnetic disturbance field, magnetic disturbance field can be ignored, and measure superimposed space total magnetic field by optical pumped magnetometer
Value, along the direction of small magnetic field to be measured, the difference of space total magnetic field value and uniform strong magnetic field intensity value is the optical pumped magnetometer axis
For the intensity value of small magnetic field to be measured.
Further, the uniform strong magnetic field is generated using Helmholtz coil in small magnetic field direction to be measured.
Further, measuring system used by the measurement method includes: Helmholtz coil, optical pumped magnetometer, electricity
Stream source, signal detection and processing module；
The axis of the Helmholtz coil is along the direction of small magnetic field to be measured, the magneto-sensitive probe edge of the optical pumped magnetometer
The axis of Helmholtz coil is simultaneously placed in coil center, and current source provides steady current, signal detection for Helmholtz coil
And processing module is handled and is analyzed to the field voltage signal of optical pumped magnetometer magneto-sensitive probe detection output, and space is obtained
The intensity of small magnetic field to be measured.
The utility model has the advantages that
The space small magnetic field that the present invention can determine magnetic direction measures, and generates identical with small magnetic field direction to be measured
Uniform strong magnetic field, and the resultant field value for being superimposed magnetic field is measured with optical pumped magnetometer, it can measure in the larger situation of satellite magnetic disturbance
Space small magnetic field meets the needs of to geostationary orbit magnetic-field measurement, is directed to suitable for high rail satellite optical pumped magnetometer load
The magnetic-field measurement of space small magnetic field.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the measuring system schematic diagram of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the magnetic vector stacking chart for constructing equation group.
Wherein, 1- Helmholtz coil, 2- optical pumped magnetometer magneto-sensitive probe, 3- current source, 4- signal detection and processing
Module.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Optical pumped magnetometer is scalar magnetometer, and it is work blind area that magnetic direction and its axis, which are in 90 degree of near zones,
Remaining region is workspace, and it is its best effort area that magnetic direction and its axis, which are in 0 degree of near zone,.When magnetic disturbance field perpendicular to
Magnetometer optical axis and when being much larger than small magnetic field to be measured, superimposed field will lead to not measure in the optical pumped magnetometer blind area,
And it is very little to the contribution of resultant field to will lead to field to be measured, much smaller than the resolution ratio of optical pumped magnetometer.At this point, if utilizing last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurse
Hereby coil is superimposed former in small magnetic field direction to be measured generation one high-intensity magnetic field much larger than satellite magnetic disturbance field according to magnetic vector suddenly
Reason, total magnetic field direction will be pulled optical pumped magnetometer workspace, thus measure space small magnetic field to be measured, satellite interference magnetic field,
The size of the total magnetic field for the uniform magnetic field that Helmholtz coil generates.
The present invention provides a kind of measurement method of space small magnetic field, if magnetic disturbance field perpendicular to small magnetic field direction to be measured,
It is located at optical pumped magnetometer blind area, increases a high-intensity magnetic field in small magnetic field direction to be measured using Helmholtz coil, high-intensity magnetic field is strong
Degree is 30 times of magnetic disturbance field or more, total magnetic field direction is remained in optical pumped magnetometer workspace, at this point, perpendicular to optical axis
The magnetic disturbance field in direction is almost nil to the contribution of resultant field, and magnetic disturbance field can be ignored, the size of small magnetic field to be measured be relative to
Coil generates the variable quantity of uniform magnetic field, and the contribution of small magnetic field to be measured can be detected by optical pumped magnetometer.It is uniform added by known
The size and Orientation of high-intensity magnetic field, signal detection and processing module can finally provide the intensity value of small magnetic field to be measured.Due to optical pumping magnetic
The resolution ratio of power instrument is in pT magnitude, so depending primarily on coil for the Measurement Resolution of space small magnetic field generates uniform magnetic field
Precision.
The magnetic field measurement system of space small magnetic field is measured by optical pumped magnetometer 2, Helmholtz coil 1, current source 3 and signal
Detection and processing module 4 form, as shown in Figure 1.Helmholtz coil 1 is two radiuses and the identical arranged in co-axial alignment of the number of turns
Coil, its spacing be equal to radius, centre concatenates.Helmholtz coil 1 can be in the larger range near axis midpoint
Uniform magnetic field is generated, the electric current led in intensity and coil is directly proportional.Radius is 13cm, the number of turns 70, when leading in coil
When electric current is 0.1A, the uniform magnetic field of the 50000nT size along axis can be generated in region near its axis midpoint.
Optical pumped magnetometer magneto-sensitive probe 2: it is generated for aware space small magnetic field, satellite magnetic disturbance field, coil uniform
The size of the superimposed field in magnetic field.
For the axis of Helmholtz coil 1 along the direction of small magnetic field to be measured, current source 3 is that Helmholtz coil 1 provides steady
Electric current.Optical pumped magnetometer magneto-sensitive probe 2 is placed in 1 center of Helmholtz coil, the axis of optical axis and Helmholtz coil 1
It is overlapped, the uniform strong magnetic field generated to Helmholtz coil 1 is measured with the total magnetic field that is superimposed of external magnetic field, small magnetic field to be measured
Due to almost in the same direction with total magnetic field direction, thus optical pumped magnetometer can detecte the variation of total magnetic field to be measured.Simultaneously as institute
The size of the uniform strong magnetic field added is it is known that the intensity of space small magnetic field to be measured can be obtained by signal detection and processing module 4.
If magnetic disturbance field, not in optical pumped magnetometer blind area and in workspace, the two superimposed field remains to be detected by magnetometer,
Magnetic disturbance field cannot be ignored.At this point, continuously generating three or more intensity in small magnetic field direction to be measured using Helmholtz coil 1
Known uniform strong magnetic field measures the numerical value of each total magnetic field, using the cosine law building about space small magnetic field intensity to be measured,
The equation group of uniform strong magnetic field intensity, magnetic disturbance field intensity and magnetic disturbance field and optical pumped magnetometer axis direction angle, passes through
Solve system of equation obtains the intensity value of space small magnetic field to be measured.
Equation group building method are as follows: as illustrated in fig. 2, it is assumed that the intensity of space small magnetic field to be measured is x, the intensity of magnetic disturbance field
For y, for optical pumped magnetometer axis along the direction of small magnetic field to be measured, magnetic disturbance field and optical pumped magnetometer axis direction angle are θ, x, y,
θ is unknown quantity.It is respectively m using the uniform strong magnetic field intensity that Helmholtz coil 1 generates1、m2、m3、···、mn, n >=
3。
In formula, a1、a2、a3、···、anRepresentative measures obtained total magnetic field value every time.
In conclusion the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, being not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of measurement method of space small magnetic field, which is characterized in that space small magnetic field direction to be measured be sequentially generated three with
Uniform strong magnetic field known to upper intensity, the intensity are 30 times or more of magnetic disturbance field intensity；It is every by optical pumped magnetometer measurement
Secondary superimposed space total magnetic field value, the optical pumped magnetometer axis utilize trigonometric function relationship along the direction of small magnetic field to be measured
Building about small magnetic field intensity to be measured, uniform strong magnetic field intensity, magnetic disturbance field intensity, space total magnetic field value and magnetic disturbance field with
The equation group of optical pumped magnetometer axis direction angle obtains the intensity value of space small magnetic field to be measured by solve system of equation.
2. a kind of measurement method of space small magnetic field, which is characterized in that if magnetic disturbance field perpendicular to small magnetic field direction to be measured, and
When one uniform strong magnetic field of space small magnetic field direction superposition to be measured is much larger than magnetic disturbance field, magnetic disturbance field can be ignored, and lead to
Optical pumped magnetometer measurement superimposed space total magnetic field value is crossed, the optical pumped magnetometer axis is empty along the direction of small magnetic field to be measured
Between total magnetic field value and the difference of uniform strong magnetic field intensity value be small magnetic field to be measured intensity value.
3. the measurement method of space small magnetic field as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the uniform strong magnetic field utilizes
Helmholtz coil generates in small magnetic field direction to be measured.
4. the measurement method of space small magnetic field as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the measurement method is used
Measuring system include: Helmholtz coil, optical pumped magnetometer, current source, signal detection and processing module；
The axis of the Helmholtz coil is along the direction of small magnetic field to be measured, and the magneto-sensitive probe of the optical pumped magnetometer is along last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurse
Hereby the axis of coil and it is placed in coil center suddenly, current source provides steady current, signal detection and place for Helmholtz coil
Reason module is handled and is analyzed to the field voltage signal of optical pumped magnetometer magneto-sensitive probe detection output, and it is to be measured to obtain space
The intensity of small magnetic field.
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| CN201810640286.8A CN109100664B (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 | Method for measuring small space magnetic field |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110927634A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-27 | 杭州昕磁科技有限公司 | Flux weakening vector measurement method based on scalar magnetometer |
| CN114236437A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-25 | 山东航天电子技术研究所 | Unmanned aerial vehicle residual magnetism testing system and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110927634A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-27 | 杭州昕磁科技有限公司 | Flux weakening vector measurement method based on scalar magnetometer |
| CN110927634B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-05-31 | 杭州量磁科技有限公司 | Flux weakening vector measurement method based on scalar magnetometer |
| CN114236437A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-25 | 山东航天电子技术研究所 | Unmanned aerial vehicle residual magnetism testing system and method |
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