CN109089604A - The method and its application of natural wax in a kind of raising citrus - Google Patents
The method and its application of natural wax in a kind of raising citrus Download PDFInfo
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- CN109089604A CN109089604A CN201810842582.6A CN201810842582A CN109089604A CN 109089604 A CN109089604 A CN 109089604A CN 201810842582 A CN201810842582 A CN 201810842582A CN 109089604 A CN109089604 A CN 109089604A
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- metazachlor
- natural wax
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to citrus field of biology, provide a kind of method for improving natural wax in citrus, and selection sprays 0.1~200 μm of ol/L metazachlor solution to the Citrus leaf short time when citrus plant young sprout takes out 12~15d of the tip.The present invention research shows that, after stopping sprays metazachlor solution, it shows that its surface crystal is compensatory after plant and fruit restoration ecosystem to increase, the gene expression amount of wax synthesis access significantly improves, the surface gloss and smoothness of Citrus leaf and fruit are increased, and then effectively improves the postharvest storage preservativity of citrus plant resistance and citrusfruit by the increase of natural wax.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to citrus field of biology, and in particular to a kind of to improve the method for natural wax in citrus and its answer
With.
Background technique
Citrus is important fresh food fruit, with Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv.Ponkan) for representative
Wide skin citrus, with shatian pomelo (C.grandis Osbeck cv.ShatianYu) be representative shaddock class and lemon
(C.limon cv.Eureka) is that the citron class of representative occupies highly important status in China or even global Citrus Industry.
Plant epidermis cuticula is made of cutin and wax, is be covered on all terrestrial plants and air contact site one
Layer hydrophobic barrier.Plant surface wax, which has, to be prevented the non-gas porosity dehydration of inside plant tissues, antiultraviolet injury, maintains table
Face cleaning discharges water with surface, resists the functions such as pest and disease damage invasion, plays the role of to plant adaptation external environment very important.Mandarin orange
The wax coat of tangerine is the first barrier of plant self-protection, and wax coat, which has, prevents tissue moisture loss, maintains surface cleaning
And smoothness, resist the functions such as germ and insect pest infestation.
In addition, citrusfruit is important fresh food fruit, usually require after fresh food citrusfruit harvesting by washing fruit and single fruit
The commercial treatments such as packaging (or waxing) just can enter selling market.Process of waxing complexity, higher cost, exist using dyeing etc.
The behaviors such as additive, industrial wax and wax inferior.Waxing mode is improper to cause fruit to generate peculiar smell, this species diversity is mostly derived from naturally
Ingredient and architectural difference between wax and artificial synthesized wax.
Realize that raising citrus plant resistance and post-harvest fruits are fresh-keeping currently, lacking and being effectively improved the natural wax synthesis of citrus
The relevant report of performance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention mentions to solve the problems, such as simply and effectively improve the natural wax synthesis of citrus in the prior art
A kind of method for improving natural wax in citrus has been supplied, the natural wax synthetic quantity of Citrus leaf and fruit has been effectively promoted, mentions
High plant resistance to environment stress improves the preservation and freshness performance for adopting rear citrus.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides following technical schemes:
A kind of method for improving natural wax in citrus of the present invention, which is characterized in that when orange young takes out 12~15d of the tip
When, the metazachlor solution of 0.1~200 μm of ol/L is sprayed to Citrus leaf.
Preferably, the concentration of the metazachlor solution is 50~180 μm of ol/L.
Preferably, the solvent of the metazachlor solution includes second alcohol and water, the volume ratio of ethyl alcohol and water be 1:299~
599。
Preferably, the number that the metazachlor solution sprays is 1~7 time.
Preferably, the single amount of spraying of the metazachlor solution is 25~40mL/ plants.
The present invention also provides the methods described in above-mentioned technical proposal to improve the application in citrus plant resistance.
The present invention also provides application of the preceding solution in the postharvest storage preservativity for improving citrusfruit.
Compared with prior art, technical solution provided by the invention has the advantage that
The present invention provides a kind of methods of natural wax in raising citrus, when orange young takes out 12~15d of the tip, to mandarin orange
0.1~200 μm of ol/L metazachlor solution of tangerine blade spraying.The present invention studies have shown that stop after spraying 2 weeks of metazachlor solution,
It shows that its surface crystal is compensatory after plant and fruit restoration ecosystem and increases (i.e. natural wax synthesis increases), wax synthesis is logical
The gene expression amount on road significantly improves, and effectively increases the glossiness and smoothness of Citrus leaf and fruit surface, and then for
The fresh keeping property of plant resistance to environment stress and citrus post-harvest fruits is obviously improved.
After the present invention is studies have shown that handle citrus using the method for the invention, the natural wax synthesis of citrus is logical
The gene expression amount of 3- beta-keto acyl CoA synzyme (KCS) in road dramatically increases compared with normal plant.KCS participates in citrus
Overlength chain saturated fatty acid (VLCFAs) in natural wax route of synthesis generates reaction, i.e., using malonyl-CoA as substrate, urges
Change C16 or C18 fatty acid and extend the VLCFAs that condensation generates enough carbon chain lengths, KCS is the reaction for determining this catalysis reaction
The key of speed and finally obtained acyl-CoA product acyl chain degree, the present invention utilize this metazachlor processing mode
The gene expression amount for effectively improving KCS, guarantees the diversity of VLCFAs, by effectively promoting this native paraffin of VLCFAs
Matter synthesizes the raising of precursor substance formation speed, achievees the purpose that improve natural wax content.In the reaction for generating VLCFAs,
Participate in beta-keto acyl coenzyme A reductase (KCR), β-hydroxy acyl Co A hydrolase (HCD) and the alkene of FAE circulation jointly with KCS
The gene expression amount and normal plant of acyl-CoA reductase (ECR) are without significant difference.
It is also shown that after the metazachlor solution of application concentration of the present invention, the natural wax synthesis of citrus is logical for present invention research
The expression quantity of the related genes such as the CER4 and CER3 gene in road is significantly increased, and shows that the method for the invention can promote simultaneously
Into the relative enzyme gene expression of primary alcohol approach and alkane approach synthesis wax.
The toxicity of metazachlor is low, degradable, half-life period in 10.92~12.68d, substantially not when citrusfruit listing
There can be metazachlor residual, it is safe to the human body.Method provided by the invention only needs to spray metazachlor solution, at low cost, letter
It is single easy, convenient for promoting.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the citrus seedling growth in embodiment 1 under different disposal；
Fig. 2 is Citrus leaf microscope enlarged drawing under different disposal in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is that citrus wax route of synthesis related gene expression amount compares figure under different disposal in embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is the Decay of post-harvest fruits under different disposal in embodiment 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of methods of natural wax in raising citrus to start when orange young takes out 12~15d of the tip
0.1~200 μm of ol/L metazachlor solution is sprayed to Citrus leaf.
The results show that after metazachlor solution sprays, 2d plays natural wax in blade and contains the embodiment of the present invention
Amount significantly increases, and wax amount of crystals dramatically increases.
The young leaflet tablet sprayed by the method for the invention area compared with normal blade is slightly smaller, vane thickness increases,
Color is greener and brighter, and mature leaf is then with normal blade morphologically without significant difference.The present invention sprays this by comparison
Invent the citrus fruits/plant of the metazachlor solution and fresh water spraying, the citrusfruit surface color of the two, shape are without significant
Difference, and without malformed fruit, that is, show using the shape and commodity value that will not destroy citrusfruit after the method for the invention.
The method of natural wax can be used for citrus seedling and mature plant in raising citrus of the present invention.
It is currently preferred orange young take out 13~14d of the tip when, spray metazachlor solution to Citrus leaf.Present invention choosing
Select young sprout take out spray within the tip 2 weeks or so metazachlor be in order to intervene in early days natural wax route of synthesis in Ci trus growth,
The compensatory related gene great expression for promoting the natural wax route of synthesis of citrus, to can continue to synthesize in large quantities in the later period
Natural wax improves overall natural wax content.
Metazachlor belongs to chloracetophenone amine herbicide, rat acute LD50For 2150mg/kg, acute percutaneous LD50
Greater than 6810mg/kg, toxicity is lower.Half-life period is 10.92~12.68d, is easy to degrade.The present invention carrys out the metazachlor
Source is not particularly limited, using commercial goods.
In the present invention, the metazachlor solution concentration is preferably 50~180 μm of ol/L, more preferably 100~150 μ
mol/L.In the present invention, under low concentration the metazachlor solution of (200 μm of ol/L or less) to the natural wax route of synthesis phase of citrus
The expression of correlation gene such as KCS, CER4 and CER3 etc. remarkably promote effect, may then have inhibition to make beyond Valid concentration
With.
In the present invention, the solvent of the metazachlor solution includes second alcohol and water, and the second alcohol and water is as solvent, no
Have the function of promoting the natural wax synthesis of citrus.It is currently preferred, in the metazachlor solution, the volume ratio of ethyl alcohol and water
Preferably 1:299~599.
In the present invention, the preparation method of the metazachlor solution is preferred are as follows: dissolves metazachlor with ethyl alcohol, obtains pyrrole grass
Amine mother liquor；It is 0.1~200 μm of ol/L that the metazachlor mother liquor, which is diluted with water to metazachlor solution concentration, again.
In the present invention, the number that sprays of the metazachlor solution is preferably 1~7 time, and more preferably 2~5 times.The present invention
Preferably, it is divided into 1~5d when it is multiple for spraying number, between the spraying time of the adjacent solution of metazachlor twice, more preferably 3~
4d.The purpose that the present invention repeatedly sprays metazachlor solution is to allow plant tree vigo(u)r to restore, and promotes plant own fat acid metabolic logical
The compensatory synthesis in road.
In the present invention, the single amount of spraying of the metazachlor solution is preferably 25~40mL/ plants, more preferably 30~
35mL plants.
The present invention all sprays the leave dual sides of citrus plant when spraying, until being sprayed to water droplet and drip.
The present invention also provides the above methods to improve the application in citrus plant resistance, by taking out the tip 12 in orange young
When~15d, 0.1~200 μm of ol/L metazachlor solution is sprayed to Citrus leaf to improve natural wax in citrus and improve citrus plant
Resistivity, the resilience of poor environment etc. of the strain for pest and disease damage invasion.
The present invention also provides application of the aforementioned side in the postharvest storage preservativity for improving citrusfruit.The present invention is certainly
When orange young takes out 12~15d of the tip, start to spray 0.1~200 μm of ol/L metazachlor solution to Citrus leaf, promotes citrus plant
Natural wax synthetic quantity, increase the natural wax content of citrus plant fruit, thus after enhancing the adopting of citrusfruit
Preservation and freshness ability.The present invention stores at 4 DEG C studies have shown that by the citrus plant fruit that the method for the invention is handled
The 2 months rotting rates in hiding reduce 13.33% than conventional citrusfruit, can effectively extend the fresh keeping time for adopting rear citrus, reduce
Demand to fresh-keeping operations such as artificial waxings.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, technical solution provided by the invention is retouched in detail below with reference to embodiment
It states, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, material selects: selection grows 2 weeks Niu Heer navel orange seedling；
2, it prepares medicament: metazachlor is mixed with dehydrated alcohol, dissolution is configured to the storage liquid of 60mmol/L.Store liquid warp
Clear water is diluted to the metazachlor solution of 100 μm of ol/L.
3, experiment process: two plants of sizable Niu Heer navel orange seedling of selection, when young sprout takes out tip 14d, respectively
With metazachlor solution and fresh water spraying blade, 30mL/ plants are sprayed every time, every other day spray primary, continuous spraying 7 times (totally 2
Week).
It observes during spraying, stop the plant surface wax situation after spraying 2 weeks, measure wax content and wax is closed
At the expression of passageway related genes, biology is in triplicate.
4, result
(1) as shown in Figure 1, figure middle and upper part show the citrus seedling growth of fresh water spraying, lower part show 100 μ
The citrus seedling growth that mol/L metazachlor solution sprays.When citrus seedling sprays metazachlor solution, seedling leaves are opposite to be sent out
Huang thickens and becomes smaller.When stop spray 2 weeks after observe, spray metazachlor Niu Heer navel orange seedling leaves growth potential restore and
Turn green, blade face brightens, but area is less than normal blade.
(2) as shown in Fig. 2, AB is the micro- sem observation figure under the Citrus leaf different amplification that clear water is handled；CD is
Micro- sem observation figure under the Citrus leaf different amplification of metazachlor processing；The amplification factor of AC is 2000 times, and BD's puts
Big multiple is 5000 times.
After stopping sprays 2 weeks of metazachlor solution, blade restoration ecosystem, blade greening is thickened, and wax increases rapidly.By scheming
2 as can be seen that amount of crystals is significantly more than the Citrus leaf of clear water processing in the Citrus leaf handled by metazachlor solution, i.e.,
Wax crystal structure quantity becomes more in metazachlor solution processing rear blade through concentration of the present invention.By statistical analysis,
Amount of crystals increases as many as 2 times.
(3) relevant expression conditions in citrus wax route of synthesis are detected using gene detecting kit,
KCS (3- beta-keto acyl CoA synthesis in Citrus leaf after i.e. the processing of detection clear water and the processing of metazachlor solution stop 2 weeks respectively
Enzyme), ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase), KCR (3- beta-keto acyl CoA reductase), HCD (β-hydroxy acyl Co A hydrolase), ECR
The expression quantity of (enoyl- CoA reductase), CER (fatty acyl group reductase) and MAH (paraffin hydroxylase), concrete outcome is such as
Shown in Fig. 3.
In each histogram shown in Fig. 3, non-black indicates to spray related gene expression amount in the Citrus leaf of metazachlor, black
Color then indicates to spray related gene expression amount in the Citrus leaf of clear water, and * indicates that p < 0.05, * * indicate p < 0.01,.
As shown in figure 3, acetyl-CoA generates malonyl-CoA, ACC1 base by the effect of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)
Related to acetyl CoA carboxylase because expressing, ACC1 gene expression amount is significantly higher than clear water in the Citrus leaf after spraying metazachlor
Processing is improved for the upright raw material for connecing premise substance VLCFAs (speciality chain includes fatty acid) of synthetic wax.
3- beta-keto acyl CoA synzyme (KCS) participate in over-long chain fatty acid extend condensation reaction, have substrate specificity and
Functional redundancy phenomenon guarantees the diversity of VLCFAs；By handling blade comparative analysis with clear water, metazachlor handles blade
KCS4, KCS6 and KCS10 gene expression amount raise 2 times or more.3- beta-keto acyl CoA reductase (KCR), hydroxyl acyl CoA dehydratase
(HCD) and alkene acyl CoA reductase (ECR) participates in the reactions such as wax reduction, dehydration and alkenyl reduction respectively, by handling with clear water
Blade comparative analysis, metazachlor handle blade more than gene expression there was no significant difference.
The generation of KCS, KCR, HCD and ECR co-catalysis VLCFAs, wherein KCS is the rate-limiting enzyme and energy for synthesizing VLCFAs
Determine the carbon chain lengths of synthesis.The present invention is by promoting the raising of KCS expression that can significantly improve the content of VLCFAs, Jin Ertong
It crosses and increases the wax content that the precursor substance raising of wax synthesis finally synthesizes.
Using VLCFAs precursor substance, there are two kinds of wax route of synthesis, one is primary alcohol approach, in the approach
VLCFAs well fatty acid reduction enzyme FARs (CER4 gene) is reduced to primary alcohol, and primary alcohol is under wax synzyme (WS) catalysis
It is condensed to form Arrcostab (wax ester class) with saturated fatty acid；Secondly be alkane approach, under the approach VLCFAs ester acyl coenzyme also
It is reduced to aldehyde under the action of protoenzyme FAR (CER3 gene), generates alkane through aldehyde decarboxylase catalytic decarboxylation, alkane is by paraffin hydroxyl
Change enzyme (MAH) catalysis and generate secondary alcohol, secondary alcohol is catalyzed through MAH and generates ketone.
As shown in figure 3, fatty acid reduction enzyme FARs (CER4) participates in VLC- acyl-CoA reduction reaction, generate with even carbon
The primary alconol of chain；By with clear water handle blade comparative analysis, metazachlor handle blade CER4 gene expression raise 5 times with
On.Wax synzyme (WS) is catalyzed primary alconol and carbon chain lengths >=C16VCL- acyl-CoA forms wax ester class, by handling with clear water
2 times or more is raised in blade comparative analysis, the gene expression that metazachlor handles the WSD1 of blade.
As shown in figure 3, long chain fatty acyl CoA is formed the overlength chain acyl of intermediate state by acyl-CoA reductase (CER3)
Base aldehydes, metazachlor handle CER3 expression quantity and raise 7.41 times；Aldehyde material decarboxylation is formed overlength alkane, metazachlor by CER1
It handles expression quantity and raises 2.33 times.
As it can be seen that the wax synthesis related gene expression quantity of citrus can be significantly improved after metazachlor is handled, promote day
Right wax synthesis, and then improve the resistance of citrus plant.
Embodiment 2
1, material selects: selecting triennial mountain gold mandarin orange plant (fruiting)；
2, it prepares medicament: metazachlor is mixed with dehydrated alcohol, dissolution is configured to the storage liquid of 60mmol/L.Store liquid warp
Clear water is diluted to the metazachlor solution of 200 μm of ol/L.
3, experiment process: 3 plants of sizable mountain gold mandarin oranges of selection, fruiting amount is about 10 or so, when fruit is in green ripe
Phase.Blade is sprayed with metazachlor and clear water solution respectively, every 3 days 30mL/ plants of sprays, continuous spray 5 times.
After treatment observes fruit growth situation, counts abnormal rate；
After fruit maturation, by the citrusfruit of picking cryopreservation 2 months at 4 DEG C, the fruit for observing storage period becomes
Change situation, and counts the fruit rotting rate after storage.
4, result
(1) observation was to second year 2 months, and the deformed fruit rate during fruiting and after picking is without significant difference.
(2) fruit surface color and shape and clear water processing fruit are without significant difference after picking.
(3) as shown in figure 4, A is the post-harvest fruits storage rot rate of clear water processing, B is the post-harvest fruits of metazachlor processing
Storage rot rate, * indicate p < 0.05.
As shown in Figure 4, the rotting rate of metazachlor processing reduces 13.33% than what clear water was handled.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for improving natural wax in citrus, which is characterized in that when orange young takes out 12~15d of the tip, to citrus
The metazachlor solution of 0.1~200 μm of ol/L of blade spraying.
2. improving the method for natural wax in citrus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the metazachlor solution it is dense
Degree is 50~180 μm of ol/L.
3. improving the method for natural wax in citrus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the metazachlor solution it is molten
Agent includes second alcohol and water, and the volume ratio of ethyl alcohol and water is 1:299~599.
4. improving the method for natural wax in citrus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the metazachlor solution sprays
Number be 1~7 time.
5. improving the method for natural wax in citrus according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the list of the metazachlor solution
The secondary amount of spraying is 25~40mL/ plants.
6. the method according to claim 4 or 5 for improving natural wax in citrus, which is characterized in that when time sprayed
When number is greater than 1 time, 1~5d is divided between the spraying time of the adjacent solution of metazachlor twice.
7. method described in claim 1~6 any one is improving the application in citrus plant resistance.
8. application of the method described in claim 1~6 any one in the postharvest storage preservativity for improving citrusfruit.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111436297A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-07-24 | 西南大学 | Method for inhibiting synthesis and response of jasmonic acid, hormone in plant body |
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| CN109089604B (en) | 2021-01-08 |
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