CN104719456A - Postharvest disease-resistant preservation method and preservative for mango fruits - Google Patents
Postharvest disease-resistant preservation method and preservative for mango fruits Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a postharvest disease-resistant preservative for mango fruits. The postharvest disease-resistant preservative comprises the following components: salicylic acid with concentration of 20-40mg/L, beta-aminobutyric acid with the concentration of 50-100mg/L, 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole with the concentration of 0.1-0.2g/L, potassium cinnamate with the concentration of 10-20g/L and an emulsifier AEO-5 with the concentration in volume percentage of 0.1-0.2%. The invention further provides a postharvest disease-resistant preservation method for mango fruits. The postharvest disease-resistant preservation method comprises the following steps: harvesting the mango fruits when the ripening degree is 70%-80%, then pre-cooling and washing the mango fruits, further uniformly spraying the preservative stored at normal temperature on the surfaces of the mango fruits, air-drying, then packaging and storing at normal temperature. By adopting the postharvest disease-resistant preservation method provided by the invention, the plant diseases of the mango fruits during the storage period can be effectively reduced, the shelf life of mangoes is prolonged, the operation is convenient and fast, and the postharvest disease-resistant preservation method is easy to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit freshness preserving technical field, what be specifically related to a kind of Mango Fruit adopts rear disease-resistant preservation method, and what the invention still further relates to a kind of Mango Fruit adopts rear disease-resistant antistaling agent.
Background technology
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) have color of the leather and yellowish pink bright-coloured attractive in appearance, meat is soft, raciness and the feature such as fragrance is dense, enjoy the welcome of domestic and international consumer, be called as " king of tropical fruit (tree) ".China is one of man of mango major country of production, and mango is produced and is mainly distributed in the provinces and regions such as Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan.Mango cultivated area expands just rapidly, and commodity value is higher, remarkable in economical benefits, has become the mainstay industry that local farmers increases income.But because mango belongs to typical tropical fruit (tree), high temperature season at a time when maturation, post-harvest physiology metabolism is vigorous, under room temperature (27 ~ 34 DEG C), 6 ~ 7d is with regard to complete ripeness, in storing, be very easily subject to pathogen infect and rot, long-distance transport and long-term storage are restricted, and economic worth reduces greatly, seriously limits the sustainable and healthy development of mango industry.Anthracnose is the main postharvest disease of mango, generally before adopting at field latent infection, outburst when post-harvest fruits is ripe, causes loss in storing serious.The most feasible method of current storage mango is still cryopreservation.Cryopreservation not only can suppress the respiration of fruit and the generation of ethene, and can suppress the breeding of pathogen.But because the fresh-keeping cost of cryopreservation is higher, be difficult to popularize in an all-round way in present stage.Therefore, extend mango under normal temperature storing condition adopt the rear life-span to reduce mango to adopt rear loss significant.
In recent years, Anti-different region antibodies technology has become the focus of postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables study on prevention, is considered to the most promising method that can substitute the control postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables of chemical agent, for control diseases of garden stuff is opened vast vistas.Salicylic acid (Salicylic acid is called for short SA) is the phenolic compound of a kind of similar plants hormone of self synthesis in plant, and various plants can be induced to produce resistance to virus, fungi and bacteriosis.Using SA postharvest handling after adopting can induce the fruits and vegetables such as banana, pear, peach, sweet cherry and tomato to produce disease resistance.
Beta-aminobutyric acid (β-amino-butyricacid, BABA) is a kind of non-protein amino acid secreted by Tomato Root System, environmentally safe, have and efficiently lure anti-effect, is considered to a kind of application prospect Phytochemistry derivant very widely.BABA has the induce resistance of wide spectrum; all have many annual or perennial, unifacial leaves or dicotyledon and very strong lure anti-effect; can induce the disease that these plant resistant are caused by oomycetes, fungi, bacterium, virus and nematode, the leaf portion of protective plant, root and fruit are from causing harm.This medicine is different from the normal sterile agent mechanism of action, pathogen can not be directly acted on, but the raising of inducing plant resistance enzymatic activity after plant absorption, lignin synthesis strengthen, to prevent the formation of the intrusion of pathogen, the growth of mycelia and spore, thus reach the effect of diseases prevention.At present, BABA after Mango Fruit is adopted disease-resistant fresh-keeping on research there is not been reported.
Amino-1,2, the 4-triazole of 3-(3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole are called for short AT) is a kind of broad-spectrum organic synthesis intermediate, is also the extraordinary biochemical reagents for tryptophane in human body protein.Because it has very strong sequestering, light sensitivity and biologically active and be widely used in Antibiotics medicine, triazole type diimide dyestuff, photosensitive material, the synthesis and preparation of systemic fungicide and plant growth regulator.Research shows, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole aqueous solution process Mango Fruit, significantly can suppress the release of fruit endogenous ethylene, reach the effect that delayed fruit is softening.At present, there is not been reported in the application study of amino-1,2, the 4-triazole of 3-on Mango Fruit post-harvest fresh-keeping.
Potassium cinnamate (Potassium cinnamate is called for short PC) is a kind of novel natural food preservative, is widely used in medicine, agricultural and food.Potassium cinnamate is a kind of sylvite of natural cinnamon extract cinnamic acid, and because its dissolubility is widely used in food well, its anticorrosion mechanism is that potassium cinnamate changes into cinnamic acid in acid condition.Effective anti-corrosion composition of potassium cinnamate or a kind of natural differentiating inducer various kinds of cell being had to differentiation, namely have antifatigue, enhance metabolism, the health care such as the excited and step-down of anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hemangiectasis, maintenance.Potassium cinnamate is converted into phenylalanine and excretes through metabolism after absorption of human body, and a small amount of phenylalanine can generate tyrosine, to human body without any side effect through PAH catalysis.At present, there is not been reported in the application of potassium cinnamate on mango anti-corrosive fresh-keeping.
Mango Fruit not storage tolerance at normal temperatures after adopting, very easily softeningly rots.By Anti-different region antibodies agent salicylic acid and beta-aminobutyric acid, natural antisepsis fresh-keeping agent potassium cinnamate and ethylene inhibitor 3-amino-1, these materials of 2,4-triazole are that the main component development cost disease-resistant antistaling agent of mango that is cheap, easy and simple to handle, that be applicable to normal temperature condition application has important theory and realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
What the object of this invention is to provide a kind of Mango Fruit adopts rear disease-resistant antistaling agent, and the method can improve mango disease resistance, alleviates Mango Fruit postharvest disease, improves the commodity fruit rate of mango.
What another object of the present invention was to provide a kind of Mango Fruit adopts rear disease-resistant preservation method.
First technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of Mango Fruit adopt rear disease-resistant antistaling agent, comprise following component: salicylic concentration is 20 ~ 40mg/L, the concentration of beta-aminobutyric acid is 50 ~ 100mg/L, the concentration of amino-1,2, the 4-triazole of 3-is 100 ~ 200mg/L, the concentration of potassium cinnamate is 10 ~ 20g/L, and the concentration of volume percent of emulsifying agent AEO-5 is 0.1 ~ 0.2%.
First technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of Mango Fruit adopt rear disease-resistant preservation method, specifically implement according to following steps: gather when Mango Fruit 7 ~ 8 is ripe, then Mango Fruit is carried out precooling, cleaning, again that even for disease-resistant antistaling agent spraying is surperficial in Mango Fruit, dry rear packaging and room temperature storage.
Feature of the present invention is also,
It is 20 ~ 40mg/L that disease-resistant antistaling agent comprises salicylic concentration, and the concentration of beta-aminobutyric acid is 50 ~ 100mg/L, 3-amino-1,2, the concentration of 4-triazole is 100 ~ 200mg/L, and the concentration of potassium cinnamate is 10 ~ 20g/L, and the concentration of volume percent of emulsifying agent AEO-5 is 0.1 ~ 0.2%.
Pre-cool condition is: precooling 12 hours at the temperature of 15 DEG C.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: what the present invention adopted adopts rear antisepsis antistaling agent, its using salicylic acid and beta-aminobutyric acid as Anti-different region antibodies agent, potassium cinnamate is natural antisepsis fresh-keeping agent, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, as ethylene inhibitor, reaches simultaneously and delays softening physiology and disease-resistant fresh-keeping double action.Through the Mango Fruit of this antistaling agent postharvest handling, when preserving 10 days under normal temperature (22 ~ 25 DEG C), disease obviously alleviates, Mango Fruit disease index reduces 12.5 ~ 45 compared with the control, reduction amplitude reaches 23.8% ~ 85.7%, commodity fruit rate improves 20% ~ 60% compared with the control, and increase rate reaches 66.7% ~ 200%.Post-harvest fresh-keeping processing method of the present invention effectively can alleviate the disease of Mango Fruit at duration of storage, and extend the shelf life of mango, simple operation, easily applies.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in detail.
Thought of the present invention is: Mango Fruit not storage tolerance at normal temperatures after adopting, and very easily softeningly rots.By Anti-different region antibodies agent salicylic acid, natural antisepsis fresh-keeping agent potassium cinnamate and ethylene inhibitor 3-amino-1, these materials of 2,4-triazole are that the main component development cost disease-resistant antistaling agent of mango that is cheap, easy and simple to handle, that be applicable to normal temperature condition application has important theory and realistic meaning.
What the invention provides a kind of Mango Fruit adopts rear disease-resistant antistaling agent, comprise following component: salicylic concentration is 20 ~ 40mg/L, the concentration of beta-aminobutyric acid is 50 ~ 100mg/L, 3-amino-1,2, the concentration of 4-triazole is 100 ~ 200mg/L, and the concentration of potassium cinnamate is 10 ~ 20g/L, and the concentration of volume percent of emulsifying agent AEO-5 is 0.1 ~ 0.2%.
What the present invention also provided a kind of Mango Fruit adopts rear disease-resistant preservation method, specifically implement according to following steps: gather when Mango Fruit 7 ~ 8 is ripe, then Mango Fruit is carried out precooling, cleaning, the even spraying of rear disease-resistant antistaling agent will be adopted again in Mango Fruit surface, dry rear packaging and room temperature storage.
Wherein, in room temperature storage antistaling agent, comprise following component: salicylic concentration is 20 ~ 40mg/L, the concentration of beta-aminobutyric acid is 50 ~ 100mg/L, the concentration of amino-1,2, the 4-triazole of 3-is 100 ~ 200mg/L, the concentration of potassium cinnamate is 10 ~ 20g/L, and the concentration of volume percent of emulsifying agent AEO-5 is 0.1 ~ 0.2%.
Pre-cool condition is: precooling 12 hours at the temperature of 15 DEG C.
Embodiment 1
The Mango Fruit of 7 ~ 8 maturations to be gathered in the Freezing room being placed on 15 DEG C precooling 12 hours, then clean with running water, dry rear employing and adopt rear disease-resistant antistaling agent (containing 20mg/L salicylic acid, 50mg/L beta-aminobutyric acid, 100mg/L 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 20g/L potassium cinnamate and 0.1% emulsifying agent AEO-5) evenly spraying is surperficial in Mango Fruit, after drying, fruit is loaded in cardboard box, the heavy 5kg of every case fruit, one deck wrapping paper is all placed on bottom and surface, preserves under finally Mango Fruit being put into normal temperature (22 ~ 25 DEG C).Preserve after 10 days, mango disease index is 25,27.5 are reduced than contrast, reduction amplitude reaches 52.4%, commodity fruit rate is 70%, and improve 40% than contrast, increase rate reaches 133%, there is significant difference, illustrate that this anti-corrosive fresh-keeping processing method can significantly improve the disease-resistant fresh-keeping effect of Mango Fruit.
Embodiment 2
The Mango Fruit of 7 ~ 8 maturations to be gathered in the Freezing room being placed on 15 DEG C precooling 12 hours, then clean with running water, dry rear employing and adopt rear disease-resistant antistaling agent (containing 20mg/L salicylic acid, 50mg/L beta-aminobutyric acid, 0.2g/L 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 10g/L potassium cinnamate and 0.1% emulsifying agent AEO-5) evenly spraying is surperficial in Mango Fruit, after drying, fruit is loaded in cardboard box, the heavy 5kg of every case fruit, one deck wrapping paper is all placed on bottom and surface, preserves under finally Mango Fruit being put into normal temperature (22 ~ 25 DEG C).Preserve after 10 days, mango disease index is 35,17.5 are reduced than contrast, reduction amplitude reaches 33.3%, commodity fruit rate is 60%, and improve 30% than contrast, increase rate reaches 100%, there is significant difference, illustrate that this anti-corrosive fresh-keeping processing method can significantly improve the disease-resistant fresh-keeping effect of Mango Fruit.
Embodiment 3
The Mango Fruit of 7 ~ 8 maturations to be gathered in the Freezing room being placed on 15 DEG C precooling 12 hours, then clean with running water, dry rear employing and adopt rear disease-resistant antistaling agent (containing 20mg/L salicylic acid, 50mg/L beta-aminobutyric acid, 0.2g/L 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 20g/L potassium cinnamate and 0.1% emulsifying agent AEO-5) evenly spraying is surperficial in Mango Fruit, after drying, fruit is loaded in cardboard box, the heavy 5kg of every case fruit, one deck wrapping paper is all placed on bottom and surface, preserves under finally Mango Fruit being put into normal temperature (22 ~ 25 DEG C).Preserve after 10 days, mango disease index is 40,12.5 are reduced than contrast, reduction amplitude reaches 23.8%, commodity fruit rate is 50%, and improve 20% than contrast, increase rate reaches 66.7%, there is significant difference, illustrate that this anti-corrosive fresh-keeping processing method can significantly improve the disease-resistant fresh-keeping effect of Mango Fruit.
Embodiment 4
The Mango Fruit of 7 ~ 8 maturations to be gathered in the Freezing room being placed on 15 DEG C precooling 12 hours, then clean with running water, dry rear employing and adopt rear disease-resistant antistaling agent (containing 40mg/L salicylic acid, 50mg/L beta-aminobutyric acid, 0.1g/L 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 10g/L potassium cinnamate and 0.2% emulsifying agent AEO-5) evenly spraying is surperficial in Mango Fruit, after drying, fruit is loaded in cardboard box, the heavy 5kg of every case fruit, one deck wrapping paper is all placed on bottom and surface, preserves under finally Mango Fruit being put into normal temperature (22 ~ 25 DEG C).Preserve after 10 days, mango disease index is 30,22.5 are reduced than contrast, reduction amplitude reaches 42.9%, commodity fruit rate is 60%, and improve 30% than contrast, increase rate reaches 100%, there is significant difference, illustrate that this anti-corrosive fresh-keeping processing method can significantly improve the disease-resistant fresh-keeping effect of Mango Fruit.
Embodiment 5
The Mango Fruit of 7 ~ 8 maturations to be gathered in the Freezing room being placed on 15 DEG C precooling 12 hours, then clean with running water, dry rear employing and adopt rear disease-resistant antistaling agent (containing 20mg/L salicylic acid, 100mg/L beta-aminobutyric acid, 0.1g/L 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 20g/L potassium cinnamate and 0.1% emulsifying agent AEO-5) evenly spraying is surperficial in Mango Fruit, after drying, fruit is loaded in cardboard box, the heavy 5kg of every case fruit, one deck wrapping paper is all placed on bottom and surface, preserves under finally Mango Fruit being put into normal temperature (22 ~ 25 DEG C).Preserve after 10 days, mango disease index is 12.5,40 are reduced than contrast, reduction amplitude reaches 76.2%, commodity fruit rate is 90%, and improve 60% than contrast, increase rate reaches 200%, there is significant difference, illustrate that this anti-corrosive fresh-keeping processing method can significantly improve the disease-resistant fresh-keeping effect of Mango Fruit.
Embodiment 6
The Mango Fruit of 7 ~ 8 maturations to be gathered in the Freezing room being placed on 15 DEG C precooling 12 hours, then clean with running water, dry rear employing and adopt rear disease-resistant antistaling agent (containing 40mg/L salicylic acid, 50mg/L beta-aminobutyric acid, 0.2g/L 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 10g/L potassium cinnamate and 0.2% emulsifying agent AEO-5) evenly spraying is surperficial in Mango Fruit, after drying, fruit is loaded in cardboard box, the heavy 5kg of every case fruit, one deck wrapping paper is all placed on bottom and surface, preserves under finally Mango Fruit being put into normal temperature (22 ~ 25 DEG C).Preserve after 10 days, mango disease index is 27.5,25 are reduced than contrast, reduction amplitude reaches 47.6%, commodity fruit rate is 60%, and improve 30% than contrast, increase rate reaches 100%, there is significant difference, illustrate that this anti-corrosive fresh-keeping processing method can significantly improve the disease-resistant fresh-keeping effect of Mango Fruit.
Embodiment 7
The Mango Fruit of 7 ~ 8 maturations to be gathered in the Freezing room being placed on 15 DEG C precooling 12 hours, then clean with running water, dry rear employing and adopt rear disease-resistant antistaling agent (containing 40mg/L salicylic acid, 100mg/L beta-aminobutyric acid, 0.2g/L 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 20g/L potassium cinnamate and 0.2% emulsifying agent AEO-5) evenly spraying is surperficial in Mango Fruit, after drying, fruit is loaded in cardboard box, the heavy 5kg of every case fruit, one deck wrapping paper is all placed on bottom and surface, preserves under finally Mango Fruit being put into normal temperature (22 ~ 25 DEG C).Preserve after 10 days, mango disease index is 7.5,45 are reduced than contrast, reduction amplitude reaches 85.7%, commodity fruit rate is 90%, and improve 60% than contrast, increase rate reaches 200%, there is significant difference, illustrate that this anti-corrosive fresh-keeping processing method can significantly improve the disease-resistant fresh-keeping effect of Mango Fruit.
Embodiment 8
The Mango Fruit of 7 ~ 8 maturations to be gathered in the Freezing room being placed on 15 DEG C precooling 12 hours, then clean with running water, dry rear employing and adopt rear disease-resistant antistaling agent (containing 40mg/L salicylic acid, 100mg/L beta-aminobutyric acid, 200mg/L 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 10g/L potassium cinnamate and 0.2% emulsifying agent AEO-5) evenly spraying is surperficial in Mango Fruit, after drying, fruit is loaded in cardboard box, the heavy 5kg of every case fruit, one deck wrapping paper is all placed on bottom and surface, preserves under finally Mango Fruit being put into normal temperature (22 ~ 25 DEG C).Preserve after 10 days, mango disease index is 15.5,37 are reduced than contrast, reduction amplitude reaches 70.5%, commodity fruit rate is 80%, and improve 50% than contrast, increase rate reaches 167%, there is significant difference, illustrate that this disease-resistant fresh-keeping treating method can significantly improve the disease-resistant fresh-keeping effect of Mango Fruit.
Comparative example
The Mango Fruit of 7 ~ 8 maturations to be gathered in the Freezing room being placed on 15 DEG C precooling 12 hours, then clean with running water, after drying, fruit is loaded in cardboard box, the heavy 5kg of every case fruit, one deck wrapping paper is all placed on bottom and surface, preserves under finally Mango Fruit being put into normal temperature (22 ~ 25 DEG C).Preserve after 10 days, Mango Fruit disease index is 52.5, and commodity fruit rate is 30%.
The order of severity of Mango Fruit disease is divided into 5 grades: 0 grade: the disease-free symptom in fruit face; 1 grade: there is fragmentary scab in fruit face; 2 grades: fruit face lesion area is less than 25% of the fruit gross area; 3 grades: fruit face lesion area accounts for 25 ~ 50% of the fruit gross area; 4 grades: fruit face lesion area is greater than 50% of the fruit gross area.
Disease index=[∑ (disease level value × disease fruit number) × 100]/(disease superlative degree value × total fruit number).According to formula, the value of disease index gets 0 ~ 100.
Commodity fruit rate=[(0 grade of fruit number+1 grade fruit number) × 100%]/total fruit number.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a Mango Fruit adopt rear disease-resistant antistaling agent, it is characterized in that, comprise following component: salicylic concentration is 20 ~ 40mg/L, the concentration of beta-aminobutyric acid is 50 ~ 100mg/L, the concentration of amino-1,2, the 4-triazole of 3-is 100 ~ 200mg/L, the concentration of potassium cinnamate is 10 ~ 20g/L, and the concentration of volume percent of emulsifying agent AEO-5 is 0.1 ~ 0.2%.
2. a Mango Fruit adopt rear disease-resistant preservation method, it is characterized in that, specifically implement according to following steps: gather when Mango Fruit 7 ~ 8 is ripe, then Mango Fruit is carried out precooling, cleaning, again that even for disease-resistant antistaling agent spraying is surperficial in Mango Fruit, dry rear packaging and room temperature storage.
3. Mango Fruit according to claim 1 adopt rear disease-resistant preservation method, it is characterized in that, it is 20 ~ 40mg/L that described disease-resistant antistaling agent comprises salicylic concentration, the concentration of beta-aminobutyric acid is 50 ~ 100mg/L, the concentration of amino-1,2, the 4-triazole of 3-is 100 ~ 200mg/L, the concentration of potassium cinnamate is 10 ~ 20g/L, and the concentration of volume percent of emulsifying agent AEO-5 is 0.1 ~ 0.2%.
4. Mango Fruit according to claim 2 adopt rear disease-resistant preservation method, it is characterized in that, described pre-cool condition is: precooling 12 hours at the temperature of 15 DEG C.
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| CN106386354A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-02-15 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Pre-harvest treatment method for disease resistance and fresh keeping of mango fruits |
| CN110663760A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-10 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Disease-preventing and fresh-keeping method for pre-picking and post-picking combined treatment of mango fruits |
| DE202021106821U1 (en) | 2021-12-15 | 2022-01-14 | Puneet Kumar Aggarwal | Intelligent mango disease detection system using machine learning and IOT sensors |
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| CN110663760A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-10 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Disease-preventing and fresh-keeping method for pre-picking and post-picking combined treatment of mango fruits |
| DE202021106821U1 (en) | 2021-12-15 | 2022-01-14 | Puneet Kumar Aggarwal | Intelligent mango disease detection system using machine learning and IOT sensors |
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Application publication date: 20150624 |