CN109086246B - Method and device for calculating discharge amount of road traffic source - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for calculating the discharge of a road traffic source, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section in the target area at each moment according to the pre-acquired real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area; acquiring comprehensive emission factors of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to the pre-acquired proportion of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section, the reference emission factors of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type for emitting various pollutants and the correction coefficients of the reference emission factors at each moment; and acquiring the emission amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment. According to the invention, on one hand, the real-time calculation of the emission of the road traffic source is realized, and on the other hand, various factors influencing the emission factor of the motor vehicle are considered, so that the obtained comprehensive emission factor is more accurate, and the obtained emission of pollutants is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of construction of an atmospheric pollutant emission list, and particularly relates to an emission amount calculation method and device for a road traffic source.
Background
The emission source of road motor vehicles is an important atmospheric pollutant emission source, and analysis work results of 15 urban atmospheric PM2.5 sources such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and the like show that the contribution range of a moving source in a local emission source to the concentration of PM2.5 is 13.5-52.1%, and the source is the main reason for generation of PM2.5 secondary particulate matters, overproof gaseous pollutants such as NOx and the like and formation of heavily polluted weather. However, since the road motor vehicles belong to a typical mobile source, the spatial-temporal characteristics and emission intensity of pollutant emission change along with the real-time situation of traffic, and it is difficult to accurately perform quantitative calculation. Therefore, how to accurately estimate the discharge amount of the pollutant emission source of the road motor vehicles is the basic and core work for developing urban road motor vehicle pollution control.
In order to find out the current situation and the emission characteristics of road motor vehicles, researchers at home and abroad carry out extensive research on the emission of the motor vehicles. For example, Zhengjunyu and the like propose a regional motor vehicle pollutant discharge space distribution method based on traffic flow and road network 'standard road length'. Wangchun Jie and the like estimate the tail gas emission characteristics of motor vehicles in China and provincial road by utilizing the annual average monitoring data of the national road and provincial road traffic monitoring stations. Wang et al analyzed the emission lists of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou motor vehicles in 1995-2009 using the COPERT model. The fan Davidin and the like estimate the road emission characteristics of Beijing by investigating the vehicle type composition and the vehicle running condition of the motor vehicles in Beijing and utilizing a COPERT model. However, in most existing researches, motor vehicles in a research area are taken as research objects, the air pollutant emission amount is calculated by taking the reserved amount or annual average road monitoring data as activity levels, and the characteristics of space-time characteristics and emission intensity of motor vehicles in each road section, which change along with traffic conditions, are difficult to reflect.
The road real-time road condition data is space-time multidimensional data obtained through vehicle positioning or road monitoring equipment, can reflect the data of the running condition of a traffic network in real time, mainly comprises information such as road traffic speed, congestion degree and the like, typical data such as floating car data, traffic situation data and the like, and can be obtained through API of electronic maps such as a Goods map and the like for research. The operation conditions of road motor vehicles affected by traffic flow direction, peak in the morning and evening and the like are greatly changed, the pollutant emission levels of the road motor vehicles are greatly different, and different motor vehicle emission correction factors are specified for different vehicle models at different vehicle speeds in the technical guidance (trial) for the atmospheric pollutant emission lists of the road motor vehicles. A plurality of tools and models are researched at home and abroad to research the emission factor change of the motor vehicle under different working conditions, such as a COPERT model, a MOVES model, an IVE model, a MOBILE model and the like. Because the real-time road condition data contains information such as real-time speeds of different road sections, the speed is one of main factors influencing pollutant emission of the motor vehicle, and when the motor vehicle runs at low speed (less than 30km/h), the engine load is small, the combustion is unstable, and the total emission factor of the motor vehicle is high; when the vehicle runs at a medium and high speed, the combustion condition of the engine is improved, and the emission factor is lower overall. Therefore, the calculation of the road motor vehicle emission of different road sections based on the real-time road condition data has strong application potential.
A traffic flow macroscopic basic diagram (MFD), which is a concept proposed by Daganzo et al in 2008, is a method for reflecting correlation between three major parameters (flow rate, speed, density) of a traffic flow, and the flow rate, speed, density are used in the MFD and are solved by simple arithmetic mean, as shown in the following formula:
wherein q isu、ku、vuThe average flow, average density and average speed of the road network are respectively, N is the total number of sections, and i is the section ID. MFDs are widely used for dynamic partitioning of cells, traffic density prediction, and the like. For example, Gayah and the like utilize data of MFDs and floating cars to predict network traffic density in real time, and the method is found to have the characteristics of less actual data and simple calculation and has better prediction result under the crowded condition.
With the continuous improvement of environmental management requirements and technologies, the calculation of motor vehicle emission on each road section has important significance for simulating the influence of traffic emission on PM2.5 and ozone generation by applying a block mode and acquiring real-time road emission characteristics. By combining the traffic condition data, road network data and the MFD method, the road basic information such as real-time running speed of vehicles, the number of lanes, road grade, road length and the like on each road section in real time can be obtained, the real-time traffic flow of the road can be estimated, and the method has great potential in the aspect of real-time calculation of road emission.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problem of low calculation accuracy of the existing road traffic source emission calculation method or at least partially solve the problem, the invention provides a road traffic source emission calculation method and a road traffic source emission calculation device.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of calculating an emission amount of a road traffic source, comprising:
acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section in the target area at each moment according to the pre-acquired real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area;
acquiring a comprehensive emission factor of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to a pre-acquired reference emission factor of various pollutants emitted by motor vehicles of each vehicle type, the proportion of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section of a target area and a correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each moment;
and acquiring the emission amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an emission amount calculation device of a road traffic source, including:
the system comprises a first acquisition module, a second acquisition module and a third acquisition module, wherein the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section in a target area at each moment according to the pre-acquired real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring comprehensive emission factors of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to pre-acquired reference emission factors of various pollutants emitted by motor vehicles of each vehicle type and correction coefficients of each reference emission factor at each moment;
and the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the emission amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment.
The invention provides a method and a device for calculating the discharge amount of a road traffic source, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining comprehensive discharge factors of various pollutants in each road section at each moment through reference discharge factors, the proportion of motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section of a target area and correction coefficients of the reference discharge factors at each moment, and further obtaining the discharge amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to the comprehensive factors, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall flow chart of a method for calculating an emission amount of a road traffic source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between a ratio of residential POI to industrial POI around a road and a ratio of average passenger car flow to average cargo car flow in the method for calculating an emission amount of a road traffic source according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of five-ring hourly one-way traffic flow in beijing city in the method for calculating the emission of the road traffic source according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows an example of an hourly PM of Wuhuan city in Beijing in the method for calculating the emission of road traffic sources according to the present invention2.5A discharge capacity schematic diagram;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an emission calculating device of a road traffic source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of an overall structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for calculating an emission amount of a road traffic source is provided, and fig. 1 is a schematic overall flow chart of the method for calculating an emission amount of a road traffic source according to the embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes: s101, acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section in the target area at each moment according to the pre-acquired real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area;
the road traffic flow of each road is estimated mainly by selecting an average speed-average density relation model in a traffic flow basic graph, wherein the model reflects the average speed-average flow and the average flow-average density relation model. Common models of the relation between the average speed and the average flow rate comprise a linear model, an exponential model and a logarithmic model, wherein the Underwood exponential model has a better fitting effect with measured data at low, medium and high densities, and the average flow rate-average speed model can be obtained by using the model, and the formula is as follows:
wherein q is the average traffic flow, and the unit is pcu/h/lane; v is the average vehicle speed, and the unit is km/h; rhomThe density corresponding to the maximum traffic flow is also called the optimal density, and the unit is pcu/km/lane; v. offThe unit is km/h, which is the running speed that has no mutual interference among vehicles, does not need to consider traffic control and is freely selected according to the subjective intention of a driver.
S102, acquiring comprehensive emission factors of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to pre-acquired reference emission factors of various pollutants emitted by motor vehicles of each vehicle type, the proportion occupied by the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section of a target area and correction coefficients of the reference emission factors at each moment;
the reference emission factor of the motor vehicle for emitting pollutants is the amount of pollutants emitted by a single motor vehicle per unit mileage. The correction coefficient is used to correct the reference emission factor. Under different vehicle types, different vehicle speeds or operating loads, the emission factors of motor vehicles can vary greatly. Therefore, when calculating the amount of pollutants discharged, the operation conditions of road traffic need to be considered. In technical guidelines for compiling atmospheric pollutant emission lists of road motor vehicles (trial runs)), pollutant emission factors of motor vehicles of different vehicle models are given, and the pollutant emission factors of different vehicle models can also be estimated by using models such as COPERT and the like. Meanwhile, the discharge amount of the road is different due to different road and vehicle type proportions. Therefore, the vehicle type distribution characteristics in different roads should be considered when estimating the road traffic pollution source emission.
And S103, acquiring the emission amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment.
In the embodiment, the comprehensive emission factors of various pollutants in each road section at each moment are obtained through the reference emission factors, the proportion of motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section of the target area and the correction coefficients of the reference emission factors at each moment, and then the emission amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment is obtained according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in this embodiment, the step of acquiring the average traffic flow of each road segment in the target area at each time according to the pre-acquired real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area specifically includes: acquiring road characteristic parameters of free flow speed, optimal density and traffic capacity of each road section and average speed of each road section at each moment according to real-time road condition data and road network data of a target area; and acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment according to the free flow speed, the optimal density and the traffic capacity of each road section and the average speed of each road section at each moment.
The real-time road condition data is data capable of reflecting the running conditions of a traffic network in real time, and mainly comprises road traffic speed, congestion degree and the like, and typical data such as floating car data, traffic situation data and the like. The floating car data refers to the position, direction and speed information of buses and taxies which are generally installed with a vehicle-mounted GPS positioning device and run on urban main roads and are recorded regularly in the running process of the buses and the taxies. However, although the coverage area of the floating car is wide, the floating car data on a single road is less or missing, so that the data is more discrete, and meanwhile, the floating car data also has a serious missing problem at night. With the application of internet platforms such as network appointment cars and electronic maps, real-time operation of vehicles and traffic situation information are widely collected to form a traffic situation data set, and the traffic situation data set is widely applied to analysis of a traffic network. Therefore, the real-time running and traffic situation information of the vehicle obtained by the floating vehicle and other platforms becomes basic data for analyzing the running information of the traffic network.
And acquiring a traffic flow basic diagram of each road section at each moment according to the real-time road condition data of the target area. The basic map of traffic flow is a method for displaying the correlation among three parameters of road traffic flow, namely flow, speed and density in the form of a relational graph. In this embodiment, the average traffic flow of each road section at each time is obtained by using the traffic flow basic map of each road section. The optimal density is the density corresponding to the maximum traffic flow in each road section, and the unit is pcu/km/lane. The free flow speed is the running speed which is freely selected according to the subjective intention of a driver and has km/h unit without mutual interference among electromechanical vehicles and considering traffic control. And acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment according to the free flow speed, the optimal density and the traffic capacity of each road section at each moment and the average speed of the vehicles of each road section at each moment. The average vehicle speed is in km/h. The average traffic flow is in units of pcu/h/lane.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in the present embodiment, the average traffic flow rate of each link at each time is obtained from the free flow speed, the optimum density, and the traffic capacity of each link and the average vehicle speed of each link at each time by the following formula:
wherein q is the averageVehicle flow, v is the average vehicle speed, ρmFor optimum density, vfIs the free flow velocity.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the step of obtaining the comprehensive emission factor of each pollutant in each road section at each time according to the pre-obtained proportion of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section, the reference emission factor of each pollutant emitted by the motor vehicles of each vehicle type, and the correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each time further includes: acquiring the proportion of motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section according to different types of POI data in a pre-acquired target area; and/or acquiring a correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each moment based on the emission factor correction model or the emission factor correction function.
Among them, a POI (Point of Interest) may be a house, a shop, a bus station, etc. in the geographic information system. In fig. 2, correlation analysis is performed based on the ratio of residential POI to industrial POI around different highway roads in beijing city and the ratio of average passenger car to average truck, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the correlation is high. Therefore, electronic map data such as POI has strong application potential in reflecting traffic characteristics of roads. In this embodiment, the proportions of different types of POI data within a certain service range of each road segment are counted. For estimating the proportion of electromechanical vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section. For example, the ratio between the number of POIs related to population activities and the number of POIs related to production activities in each road section service range is used as the ratio of passenger cars to trucks in each road section, and the ratio is used as the proportion P of motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section.
Wherein P is the ratio of the passenger car to the truck; nres is the number of POIs related to demographic activity, such as residential POIs; and Nind is the number of POIs related to production activities, such as factory POIs and the like. If local traffic flow monitoring data exists, more accurate j can be obtained from the monitoring dataRatio P of k vehicle types in road sectionj,k。
The correction coefficient is obtained by an emission factor correction model or an emission factor correction function, such as a COPERT model, a MOVES model, an IVE model, a MOBILE model, etc. On the basis of the above embodiments, in the present embodiment, the comprehensive emission factor of various pollutants in each road section at each time is obtained according to the ratio of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section obtained in advance, the reference emission factor of various pollutants emitted by the motor vehicles of each vehicle type, and the correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each time through the following formula:
wherein i is a pollutant type, j is a road section number, t is a time, k is a vehicle type, and EF isi,j,tIs the comprehensive emission factor, EF, of the pollutants i in the section j at the moment ti,kReference emission factor, P, for the emission of pollutants i for motor vehicles of the k-typej,kThe proportion of motor vehicles of k vehicle type on the J section, Ji,j,k,tCorrection factor for a reference emission factor, n, for a motor vehicle of type k in a section j at time t emitting pollutants of type ikThe number of vehicles of k vehicle types.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in the present embodiment, the emission amount of each pollutant in each link at each time is obtained according to each combination factor, the road length of each link, and the average traffic flow of each link at each time by the following formula:
Ei,j,t＝EFi,j,t×Lj×Uj,t；
wherein i is the type of the pollutant, j is the road section number, t is the time, Ei,j,tIs the discharge amount of i pollutants in the j section at the moment t, EFi,j,tIs the comprehensive emission factor, L, of the pollutants i in the section j at the moment tjRoad length of j road section, Uj,tThe average traffic flow of the section j at the time t.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the step of acquiring the emission amount of each pollutant in each road section at each time according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road section, and the average traffic flow of each road section at each time further includes: acquiring emission space distribution weight and emission time distribution coefficient of each grid in the target area according to emission of various pollutants in each road section at each moment; and carrying out space-time distribution on the emission according to the emission space distribution weight and the emission time distribution coefficient.
The list of the atmospheric pollutants is a list of the emission amount of various pollutants emitted to the atmosphere by pollution sources in a certain time span and a certain space region, and the list of the atmospheric pollutants with high space-time resolution is made to provide basic data for air quality management and numerical simulation. A high spatial-temporal resolution emission list refers to an emission list that has a high degree of accuracy in terms of spatial distribution characteristics and temporal distribution characteristics. The spatial distribution characteristics of pollutant emission can be reflected by high spatial resolution, such as 3km or 1km, and basic spatial information is provided for accurately predicting pollutant sources and key areas; the high time resolution is adopted for 1 hour at present, so that the time-by-time emission characteristics of pollutants of an emission source can be reflected, and basic time information is provided for accurately predicting the emission peak and the emission low peak of the pollutants and predicting the time change trend of the pollutants. Therefore, accurately obtaining an emission list with high space-time resolution is an important task for pollution prediction and management. Because real-time data such as traffic situation and the like have obvious time distribution characteristics and space distribution characteristics, the method has strong application potential in performing space-time distribution on road motor vehicle emission vehicles in the regional atmospheric pollutant emission list by using the real-time data. The present embodiment performs time allocation of the amount of emission by using the amount of emission of pollutants in each link at each time as a weight.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in the present embodiment, the emission amount space allocation weight and the emission amount time allocation coefficient of each grid in the target area are obtained according to the emission amounts of various pollutants in each road section at each time by the following formulas:
wherein x is the column number of the grid, y is the row number of the grid, t is the time, i is the pollutant type, j is the road section number, Rx,y,tThe weight is distributed to the emission space of the grid with the column number of x and the row number of y at the time T, TtThe time distribution coefficient of the discharge amount at t, Wx,y,tIs the sum of the weight coefficients of the grid with the column number x and the row number y at the time t, Wa,b,tThe sum of the weight coefficients of the grid with column number a and row number b at time t, Wa,b,qThe sum of the weighting coefficients of the grid with column number a and row number b at time m, Ei,j,tDischarge of i pollutants in section j at time t, Ei,j,mIs the discharge amount of i pollutants in the j section at the moment m, nx,y,tN is the number of links in the grid having a column number x and a line number y at time ta,b,tN is the number of links in the grid with column number a and row number b at time ta,b,mIs the number of links in the grid with column number a and row number b at time m.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the relative emission intensity of pollutants at different road sections every hour is obtained through the obtained flow rate of the motor vehicle on the road and the emission intensity of pollutants caused by the road operation conditions, and the space allocation proportion of each road at different times is obtained by calculating the total daily relative emission intensity in the research area and performing normalization processing.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, the discharge amount is space-time allocated according to the discharge amount space allocation weight and the discharge amount time allocation coefficient by the following formula in the present embodiment:
Ex,y,t＝Etotal×Tt×Rx,y,t；
wherein E isx,y,tThe discharge amount of the grid with the column number x and the row number y at the time t, EtotalIs the total daily emissions of the electromechanical vehicle.
Taking Beijing five-loop as an example, the five-loop bidirectional six-lane in Beijing city has a total length of about 98 km, a free flow speed of 100km/h and an optimal density of 38 pcu/km/lane. Hourly traffic live data is obtained. In this embodiment, the live data of 3 months and 1 day in 2018 is taken as an example to perform calculation. The types of the motor vehicles on the road section obtained by analyzing the measured traffic flow of the five-loop are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 five-Loop Motor vehicle types in Beijing City
| Vehicle model | Vehicle type ratio |
| Mini-size and small-size passenger car | 0.55 |
| Medium-sized passenger car | 0.15 |
| Large-scale bus | 0.02 |
| Mini-type light truck | 0.1 |
| Medium truck | 0.06 |
| Large truck | 0.12 |
In order to compare with the calculation results of the emissions of national roads and provincial roads in the prior research results, the emission factors are corrected by using 'technical guidelines (trial runs) compiled by road motor vehicle atmospheric pollutant emission lists'), the correction coefficients are shown in table 2, and the obtained comprehensive emission factors are shown in table 3.
TABLE 2 correction factor
TABLE 3 comprehensive emission factor of five-loop motor vehicle in Beijing City
| Type of contaminant | CO | NOx | PM2.5 | PM10 |
| Emission factor (g/km) | 1.606 | 1.7032 | 0.0703 | 0.0778 |
Taking the average traffic flow of five-ring days in Beijing, 3 months in 2015 as an example, the average bidirectional traffic flow of the five-ring days is 126444 vehicles/day, and the average unidirectional traffic flow per hour is 2634 vehicles/hour. In this case, real-time traffic data and the above average traffic flow calculation formula are used to obtain the beijing five-loop one-way hourly average traffic flow as shown in fig. 3, and the average hourly traffic flow is about 2384 vehicles, and the daily average bidirectional traffic flow is about 114437 vehicles. Because the adopted monitoring data and the live data are 3 months data and have certain consistency, the difference between the calculation data and the actual monitoring data is small. Therefore, the vehicle flow calculation method described in the present embodiment can well estimate the road traffic flow change.
Assuming the same daily row characteristics, this emission was multiplied by 365 days as shown in table 4. Compared with the present embodiment, the emission calculated by the traffic monitoring data is used as a reference, and the deviation of the two methods is 15%, and is smaller. Meanwhile, the method can obtain the five-ring hourly PM of Beijing2.5The discharge amount is shown in fig. 4.
TABLE 4 comparison of emission results of different pentacyclic methods in Beijing
| CO | NOx | PM2.5 | PM10 | |
| The patented method | 4904 | 5200 | 215 | 238 |
| By traffic monitoring data | 5150 | 5924 | 253 | 281 |
| Deviation of | 4.8％ | 12.2％ | 15.2％ | 15.5％ |
In summary, since the present embodiment can better reflect the emission characteristics of each road, the result of performing space allocation on the emission amount of the regional emission list based on the calculated emission intensity as the space allocation index is more accurate.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a device for calculating the emission of road traffic sources is provided, which is used for implementing the method in the foregoing embodiments. Therefore, the description and definition in the emission amount calculation method of the road traffic source in the foregoing embodiments may be used for understanding of the respective execution modules in the embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an emission calculating apparatus of a road traffic source according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the apparatus includes a first obtaining module 501, a second obtaining module 502, and a third obtaining module 503; wherein:
the first obtaining module 501 is configured to obtain an average traffic flow of each road segment in a target area at each moment according to pre-obtained real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area; the second obtaining module 502 is configured to obtain a comprehensive emission factor of each pollutant in each road section at each time according to a pre-obtained proportion of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section, a reference emission factor of each pollutant emitted by the motor vehicles of each vehicle type, and a correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each time; the third obtaining module 503 is configured to obtain the emission amount of each pollutant in each road segment at each time according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road segment, and the average traffic flow of each road segment at each time.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in this embodiment, the first obtaining module is specifically configured to: acquiring road characteristic parameters of free flow speed, optimal density and traffic capacity of each road section and average speed of each road section at each moment according to real-time road condition data and road network data of a target area; and acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment according to the free flow speed and the optimal density of each road section and the average speed of each road section at each moment.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in this embodiment, the first obtaining module specifically obtains the average traffic flow rate of each link at each time according to the free flow speed of each link, the optimal density, and the average vehicle speed of each link at each time by the following formula:
wherein q is the average traffic flow, v is the average vehicle speed, ρmFor optimum density, vfIs the free flow velocity.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the embodiment further includes a fourth obtaining module, configured to obtain, according to POI data of different types in a target area obtained in advance, a proportion of motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road segment; and/or acquiring a correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each moment based on the emission factor correction model or the emission factor correction function.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the second obtaining module in this embodiment obtains the comprehensive emission factor of each pollutant in each road section at each time specifically by the proportion occupied by the motor vehicle of each vehicle type in each road section, the reference emission factor of each pollutant emitted by the motor vehicle of each vehicle type, and the correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each time, which are obtained in advance by the following formulas:
wherein i is a pollutant type, j is a road section number, t is a time, k is a vehicle type, and EF isi,j,tIs the comprehensive emission factor, EF, of the pollutants i in the section j at the moment ti,kReference emission factor, P, for the emission of pollutants i for motor vehicles of the k-typej,kThe proportion of motor vehicles of k vehicle type on the J section, Ji,j,k,tCorrection factor for a reference emission factor, n, for a motor vehicle of type k in a section j at time t emitting pollutants of type ikThe number of vehicles of k vehicle types.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, in this embodiment, the third obtaining module specifically obtains the emission amount of each pollutant in each road segment at each time according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road segment, and the average traffic flow of each road segment at each time by the following formula:
Ei,j,t＝EFi,j,t×Lj×Uj,t；
wherein i is the type of the pollutant, j is the road section number, t is the time, Ei,j,tFor the discharge of i pollutants, EF, in the section of j at time ti,j,tIs the comprehensive emission factor, L, of the pollutants i in the section j at the moment tjRoad length of j road section, Uj,tThe average traffic flow of the section j at the time t.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the present embodiment further includes an allocation module, configured to obtain an emission amount space allocation weight and an emission amount time allocation coefficient of each grid in the target area according to the emission amounts of various pollutants in each road segment at each time; and carrying out space-time distribution on the emission according to the emission space distribution weight and the emission time distribution coefficient.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the allocation module in this embodiment specifically obtains the emission amount space allocation weight and the emission amount time allocation coefficient of each grid in the target area according to the emission amounts of various pollutants in each road segment at each time by the following formulas:
wherein x is the column number of the grid, y is the row number of the grid, t is the time, i is the pollutant type, j is the road section number, Rx,y,tThe weight is distributed to the emission space of the grid with the column number of x and the row number of y at the time T, TtThe time distribution coefficient, W, of the discharge at time tx,y,tIs the sum of the weight coefficients of the grid with the column number x and the row number y at the time t, Wa,b,tThe sum of the weight coefficients of the grid with column number a and row number b at time t, Wa,b,qThe sum of the weighting coefficients of the grid with column number a and row number b at time m, Ei,j,tDischarge of i pollutants in section j at time t, Ei,j,mIs the discharge amount of i pollutants in the j section at the moment m, nx,y,tN is the number of links in the grid with column number x and row number y at time ta,b,tAt time t, the column number is a, the rowNumber of links in grid number b, na,b,mIs the number of links in the grid with column number a and row number b at time m.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the allocation module in this embodiment performs space-time allocation on the emission amount according to the emission amount space allocation weight and the emission amount time allocation coefficient by specifically using the following formula:
Ex,y,t＝Etotal×Tt×Rx,y,t；
wherein E isx,y,tThe discharge amount of the grid with the column number x and the row number y at the time t, EtotalIs the total daily emissions of the electromechanical vehicle.
In the embodiment, the comprehensive emission factors of various pollutants in each road section at each moment are obtained through the reference emission factors, the proportion of motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section of the target area and the correction coefficients of the reference emission factors at each moment, and then the emission amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment is obtained according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment.
The embodiment provides an electronic device, and fig. 6 is a schematic view of an overall structure of the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present invention, where the electronic device includes: at least one processor 601, at least one memory 602, and a bus 603; wherein,
the processor 601 and the memory 602 communicate with each other via a bus 603;
the memory 602 stores program instructions executable by the processor 601, and the processor calls the program instructions to perform the methods provided by the above method embodiments, for example, the method includes: acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section in the target area at each moment according to the pre-acquired real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area; acquiring comprehensive emission factors of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to the pre-acquired proportion of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section, the reference emission factors of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type for emitting various pollutants and the correction factors of the reference emission factors at each moment; and acquiring the emission amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment.
The present embodiment provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, which cause a computer to execute the method provided by the above method embodiments, for example, including: acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section in the target area at each moment according to the pre-acquired real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area; acquiring comprehensive emission factors of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to the pre-acquired proportion of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section, the reference emission factors of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type for emitting various pollutants and the correction coefficients of the reference emission factors at each moment; and acquiring the emission amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to each comprehensive factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for implementing the method embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to program instructions, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program performs the steps including the method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
The above-described embodiments of the electronic device are merely illustrative, and units illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. Based on the understanding, the above technical solutions substantially or otherwise contributing to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method of various embodiments or some parts of embodiments.
Finally, the method of the present application is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for calculating the discharge amount of a road traffic source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section in the target area at each moment according to the pre-acquired real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area;
acquiring a comprehensive emission factor of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to a pre-acquired proportion of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section, a reference emission factor of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type for emitting various pollutants and a correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each moment;
acquiring the discharge amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to each comprehensive discharge factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment;
the method for acquiring the discharge amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment further comprises the following steps according to each comprehensive discharge factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment:
acquiring emission space distribution weight and emission time distribution coefficient of each grid in the target area according to emission of various pollutants in each road section at each moment;
performing space-time distribution on the emission according to the emission space distribution weight and the emission time distribution coefficient;
acquiring emission space distribution weight and emission time distribution coefficient of each grid in the target area according to the emission of various pollutants in each road section at each moment by the following formula:
wherein x is the column number of the grid, y is the row number of the grid, t is the time, i is the pollutant type, j is the road section number, Rx,y,tThe weight is distributed to the emission space of the grid with the column number of x and the row number of y at the time T, TtThe time distribution coefficient of the discharge amount at t, Wx,y,tIs the sum of the weight coefficients of the grid with the column number x and the row number y at the time t, Wa,b,tThe sum of the weight coefficients of the grid with column number a and row number b at time t, Wa,b,qThe sum of the weighting coefficients of the grid with column number a and row number b at time m, Ei,j,tDischarge of i pollutants in section j at time t, Ei,j,mIs the discharge amount of i pollutants in the j section at the moment m, nx,y,tN is the number of links in the grid with column number x and row number y at time ta,b,tN is the number of links in the grid with column number a and row number b at time ta,b,mIs the number of links in the grid with column number a and row number b at time m.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the average traffic flow of each road segment in the target area at each moment according to the pre-obtained real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area specifically comprises:
acquiring road characteristic parameters of free flow speed, optimal density and traffic capacity of each road section and average speed of each road section at each moment according to the real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area;
and acquiring the average vehicle flow of each road section at each moment according to the free flow speed, the optimal density and the average vehicle speed of each road section at each moment.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the average vehicle flow rate of each of the road segments at each time is obtained from the free flow speed, the optimum density, and the average vehicle speed of each of the road segments at each time by the following formula:
wherein q is the average traffic flow, v is the average vehicle speed, ρmFor optimum density, vfIs the free flow velocity.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining a comprehensive emission factor of each pollutant in each road section at each time according to the pre-obtained proportion of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section, the reference emission factor of each pollutant emitted by the motor vehicles of each vehicle type, and the correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each time further comprises:
acquiring the proportion of motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section according to the POI data of different types in the target area acquired in advance; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and acquiring a correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each moment based on an emission factor correction model or an emission factor correction function.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the integrated emission factor of each pollutant in each road section at each time is obtained from the previously obtained proportion of motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section, the reference emission factor of each pollutant emitted by the motor vehicles of each vehicle type, and the correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each time by the following formula:
wherein i is a pollutant type, j is a road section number, t is a time, k is a vehicle type, and EF isi,j,tIs the comprehensive emission factor, EF, of the pollutants i in the section j at the moment ti,kReference emission factor, P, for the emission of pollutants i for motor vehicles of the k-typej,kThe proportion of motor vehicles of k vehicle type on the J section, Ji,j,k,tCorrection factor for a reference emission factor, n, for a motor vehicle of type k in a section j at time t emitting pollutants of type ikThe number of vehicles of k vehicle types.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the amount of each pollutant discharged in each of the road segments at each time is obtained from each of the integrated emission factors, the road length of each of the road segments, and the average traffic flow rate of each of the road segments at each time by the following formula:
Ei,j,t＝EFi,j,t×Lj×Uj,t；
wherein i is the type of the pollutant, j is the road section number, t is the time, Ei,j,tIs the discharge amount of i pollutants in the j section at the moment t, EFi,j,tIs the comprehensive emission factor, L, of the pollutants i in the section j at the moment tjRoad length of j road section, Uj,tThe average traffic flow of the section j at the time t.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the emissions are spatio-temporally distributed according to the emissions spatial distribution weight and the emissions temporal distribution coefficient by the following formula:
Ex,y,t＝Etotal×Tt×Rx,y,t；
wherein E isx,y,tThe discharge amount of the grid with the column number x and the row number y at the time t, EtotalIs the total daily emissions of the electromechanical vehicle.
8. An emission amount calculation device of a road traffic source, characterized by comprising:
the system comprises a first acquisition module, a second acquisition module and a third acquisition module, wherein the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the average traffic flow of each road section in a target area at each moment according to the pre-acquired real-time road condition data and road network data of the target area;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring a comprehensive emission factor of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to the pre-acquired proportion of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type in each road section, the reference emission factor of the motor vehicles of each vehicle type for emitting various pollutants and the correction coefficient of each reference emission factor at each moment;
the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the emission amount of various pollutants in each road section at each moment according to each comprehensive emission factor, the road length of each road section and the average traffic flow of each road section at each moment;
the system also comprises a distribution module, a calculation module and a calculation module, wherein the distribution module is used for obtaining the emission space distribution weight and the emission time distribution coefficient of each grid in the target area according to the emission of various pollutants in each road section at each moment; carrying out space-time distribution on the discharge amount according to the discharge amount space distribution weight and the discharge amount time distribution coefficient;
the distribution module obtains the emission space distribution weight and the emission time distribution coefficient of each grid in the target area according to the emission of various pollutants in each road section at each moment through the following formula:
wherein x is the column number of the grid, y is the row number of the grid, t is the time, i is the pollutant type, j is the road section number, Rx,y,tThe weight is distributed to the emission space of the grid with the column number of x and the row number of y at the time T, TtThe time distribution coefficient of the discharge amount at t, Wx,y,tIs the sum of the weight coefficients of the grid with the column number x and the row number y at the time t, Wa,b,tThe weight coefficient of the grid with column number a and row number b at time t is totalAnd, Wa,b,qThe sum of the weighting coefficients of the grid with column number a and row number b at time m, Ei,j,tDischarge of i pollutants in section j at time t, Ei,j,mIs the discharge amount of i pollutants in the j section at the moment m, nx,y,tN is the number of links in the grid with column number x and row number y at time ta,b,tN is the number of links in the grid with column number a and row number b at time ta,b,mIs the number of links in the grid with column number a and row number b at time m.
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