CN102567811A - Real-time road traffic characteristic based motor vehicle emission measuring and calculating method - Google Patents
Real-time road traffic characteristic based motor vehicle emission measuring and calculating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real-time road traffic characteristic based motor vehicle emission measuring and calculating method. The method includes steps as follows: establishing vehicle type mapping relation according to vehicle type and preset vehicle type standards in the COPERT model; confirming the basic data including the traffic flow, the overall speed, the motor vehicle technical index database, the atmosphere parameter values, the road length, the motor vehicle inventory, the oil product information, the single traveling trip distance and the single traveling mean time; outputting all basic data obtained in step S2 into the COPERT model, and calculating to obtain the basic emission factor; according to the basic emission factor and the motor vehicle inventory of all vehicle types in the step S3, calculating to obtain the comprehensive emission factor of all vehicle types; according to the comprehensive emission factor of all vehicle types in the step S4, calculating the road source intensity; and further, according to the road source intensity obtained in the step S5 and the road length in the step S2, calculating the emission.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental science and intelligent transport technology field, especially a kind of vehicular emission measuring method based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic
Background technology
In recent years, along with the quickening of urbanization and process of industrialization, the vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity sustainable growth of China; Compare with the eighties in last century, increased by 24 times, thereby cause the automotive emission total amount to continue to rise; The concentration share rate has reached 1/3～1/2 even higher; Represent the NOx and the O3 concentration over-standard of automobile pollution characteristic serious, the air pollution in 400 cities in 661 cities of China will be converted into the tail gas pollution of motor-driven vehicle type from coal smoke type, therefore; Tail gas pollution of motor-driven vehicle has become China's big and medium-sized cities main air pollution sources, is one of principal element that influences air quality.Under such background, it is significant to carry out the automotive emission Pollution Study.Seek the quantization method of automotive emission through technical innovation, for promoting China's vehicular emission research, the trend of containment China automobile pollution aggravation is improved urban air-quality and is contributed share.
In order to obtain the vehicular emission amount, so that the control vehicle emission pollution, domestic scholars has been carried out big quantity research.Research relates generally to two aspects: the one, and the bicycle emission detections; According to vehicle performance and structure; Work out the system that can be used for emission from vehicles and detect, device etc., like patent CN200410051631.2, CN200710051254.6, CN200710057521.0, CN201010257393.6 etc.The 2nd, the automotive emission amount is calculated in the zone, according to the actual trip of resident condition information, in conjunction with the vehicular discharge model, thereby calculates the exhaust emissions amount, like patent CN201010582302.6.These researchs have obtained success in some aspects and have had its use value, but there is certain limitation in its use value.Though the detection to the bicycle discharging is comparatively ripe; But be not suitable for the detection of vehicular emission amount in the zone; And regional discharge capacity is calculated to be needed to be characterized as prerequisite to grasp Real-time Road; Set up the technical method of a cover simultaneously, can obtain the data comparatively approaching with actual conditions from the information acquisition of traffic tail gas to analysis.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to existing technical deficiency and actual needs, set up the vehicular emission measuring method of a cover based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic.Realize the quantification of automotive emission technically,, foundation is provided for formulating corresponding motor vehicle control policy and strategy for government department provides vehicular emission data basis.
For realizing above purpose, the technical scheme below the present invention has taked: the vehicular emission measuring method based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic comprises the steps:
S1: set up the vehicle mapping relations according to the vehicle classification in the COPERT model, preset vehicle classification standard; Preset vehicle classification standard can be the vehicle classification standard of domestic environmental administration and vehicle supervision department.Because China does not have the vehicular emission factor calculation model of exploitation oneself, so the present invention adopts the COPERT IV model of European Union's exploitation to come the calculation of Emission factor.The COPERT pattern originates from the vehicular emission factor research that European commission (EC) carries out, and has formed the present COPERT IV model that can be realized by computer program through improving for many years.This model has adopted a large amount of reliable experimental and has carried out match and drawn rule, is the widespread use of institute of European countries.The COPERT pattern has important effect for the analysis of urban automobile exhaust emission total amount and atmosphere bearing capacity.Motor vehicle type of China and vehicular emission rules, vehicle classification standard etc. all have similarity significantly with European standard at present; This also is the incomparable advantage of other mode computation method; Therefore in this patent, according to the vehicle classification in the COPERT model, in conjunction with the vehicle classification standard of domestic environmental administration and vehicle supervision department; Set up the vehicle mapping relations, not only satisfy the type of vehicle that the COPERT Model Calculation required but also met the survey region situation thereby set up.
The vehicle mapping relations are with more than 100 kind of vehicle classification in vehicle administration office's vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity database; According to the five big classes of passenger cars, light duty vehicles, bus, heavy duty trucks and motorcycles in discharge capacity, load-carrying, seating capacity, fuel type and the corresponding COPERT discharging of the time of making the product five kinds of parameters model more than totally 1 hundred kind of vehicle classification, the more corresponding survey region of based on fuel type vehicle classification.
Setting up the vehicle mapping relations can be mapped the type of vehicle of survey region and the type of vehicle of COPERT, and the emission factor of survey region could adopt the COPERT model to calculate like this.
S2: confirm basic data, said basic data comprises the magnitude of traffic flow, overall speed, automotive engineering achievement data storehouse, meteorologic parameter value, link length, vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity, oil product information, single trip distance travelled, single trip averaging time; Meteorologic parameter is obtained through the moon temperature to weather station in the survey region and is carried out record; Obtain a month minimum and maximum temperature; Link length is extracted through the GIS map and is obtained; Vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity is directly searched from local transit planning annual report, and oil product information is directly searched from the up-to-date provincial standard in locality, and single trip averaging time is to obtain divided by local average speed with single trip distance travelled.
S3: each basic data according to obtaining among the step S2 is input in the COPERT model, calculates basic emission factor;
S4: basic emission factor and vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity according to each vehicle among the step S3 calculate the comprehensive discharge factor that obtains each vehicle;
S5: according to the comprehensive discharge factor calculation road source strength of each vehicle among the step S4;
S6: according to the link length calculation of Emission amount among road source strength that obtains among the step S5 and the step S2.
The said magnitude of traffic flow is confirmed through following manner: choose traffic flow collection point position, distribute traffic stream acquisition time is gathered road traffic flow, the road traffic flow that collects is carried out flow analysis obtain the said magnitude of traffic flow.The magnitude of traffic flow obtains through video acquisition and Video Detection.
Said automotive engineering achievement data storehouse comprises the accumulative total distance travelled of each vehicle, average annual distance travelled, the time of registering the license, fuel type at least.
Said overall speed is the average speed of investigation road, overall speed adopts and on-the-spotly to take a sample test, Video Detection and three kinds of methods of GPS Floating Car are measured and the result between mutual verification.This three technology is ripe prior art, and the speed of a motor vehicle that records with GPS Floating Car method is main, and the road that the scene is taken a sample test obtaining gps data replenishes; GPS Floating Car method: through the GPS monitor data of commerial vehicle; According to longitude and latitude gps data and GIS electronic chart are carried out map match; And the data that coupling draws are carried out match through speed interval speed of a motor vehicle appraisal procedure, obtain in the survey area average speed of each hour on all roads; The scene is taken a sample test: need a test carriage, do the investigation of back and forth going between known zone, record is through the interval time, overtakes other vehicles and the quilt quantity of being overtaken other vehicles in send a car number and this track, track, opposite.The vehicle number that investigator's (removing except the driver who drives) needs people record and test carriage subtend to come; Vehicle number that tested test run surmounts in the vehicle that one people record and test carriage go in the same way and the vehicle number that surmounts test carriage; Another people's record goes and reports and the record running time; Operating range is read by milestone, map, or the own unit that closes obtains.In the fact-finding process, test carriage generally need come and go for several times on the investigation highway section.Because it is less that survey area segment path commerial vehicle goes, so that the vehicle speed data distortion that draws through GPS Floating Car method is bigger, and the method that therefore can adopt the scene to take a sample test is proofreaied and correct, to draw than accurate data.
Single trip distance travelled is directly to search from the traffic programme annual report or the document of locality, if can't obtain single trip distance travelled, then adopts the default value in the COPERT model.All parameters all have default value in the COPERT model, when utilizing this Model Calculation emission factor, if partial parameters does not find related data, just adopt the default value of this model.The default value of single trip distance travelled is 12km.
Adopt following computing formula to obtain the said comprehensive discharge factor:
In the formula, EF
iThe comprehensive discharge factor of representing i kind vehicle; E
IjThe basic emission factor of representing j seed vehicle in the i kind vehicle; V
IjThe recoverable amount of representing j seed vehicle in the i kind vehicle
Adopt following computing formula to obtain said road source strength:
A
j＝∑EF
i×U
ij
In the formula, A representes the road source strength of j kind road; EF
iThe comprehensive discharge factor of representing i kind vehicle; U
IjThe magnitude of traffic flow of representing j kind road i kind vehicle.
Adopt following computing formula to obtain said discharge capacity:
E＝∑A
j×L
j
In the formula, E representes discharge capacity; A
jThe road source strength of representing j kind road; L
jThe link length of representing j kind road.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage: the present invention has set up the complete method that can be used for the vehicular emission quantification from bottom to top in the zone of a cover.With the highway section is the research unit, at first studies the mapping relations of vehicle, sets up the vehicle class that meets the Chinese environmental protection traffic criteria; Next studies the isoparametric acquisition method of vehicle flowrate, speed of different roads; Study the middle microcosmic exhaust emissions factor model of localization, set up the emission factor storehouse of different automobile types, emission standard and speed; Last calculation of Emission amount, for the decision maker provide the overall situation, objectively, automotive emission information accurately.The present invention is according to road actual traffic situation, automotive emission amount in the Calculation and Study zone.Realize the quantification of automotive emission technically,, foundation is provided, have bigger economic benefit and social benefit for formulating corresponding motor vehicle control policy and strategy for government department provides vehicular emission data basis.The present invention serves as the discharge capacity that motor-vehicle tail-gas is calculated on the basis with the real road traffic; Obtain the data comparatively approaching with actual conditions; The present invention simultaneously adopts the COPERT model of the European Union exploitation comparatively approaching with crossing China's motor vehicle sorting technique to come the calculation of Emission factor; No matter be technical or operation on, all have certain scientific and advanced.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the vehicular emission measuring method process flow diagram based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment content of the present invention is explained further details.
Embodiment:
Vehicular emission measuring method based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic comprises the steps:
S1: set up the vehicle mapping relations according to the vehicle classification in the COPERT model, preset vehicle classification standard; Vehicle in the COPERT model mainly is divided into passenger cars, light duty vehicles, bus, heavy duty trucks and motorcycles, promptly small-sized carrying, small-sized loading, heavy carrying, heavy loading and motorcycle.Preset vehicle classification standard (being China's vehicle administration office's vehicle) is broadly divided into light bus, pickup truck, middle bus, medium truck, heavy passenger vehicle, heavy goods vehicle, motorcycle, can be divided into gasoline car and diesel vehicle according to the fuel oil situation.The vehicle classification of COPERT model and preset vehicle classification standard is carried out correspondence, make up the vehicle mapping relations.New vehicle classification is five types in light bus, pickup truck, heavy passenger vehicle, heavy goods vehicle and a motorcycle.
S2: confirm basic data, said basic data comprises the magnitude of traffic flow, overall speed, automotive engineering achievement data storehouse, meteorologic parameter value, link length, vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity, oil product information, single trip distance travelled, single trip averaging time; The oil product information of present embodiment can directly be searched from the automobile-used oil standard in locality, and oil product information comprises sulfur content, lead content, hydrogen-carbon ratio, carbon ratio, cadmium content, copper content, chromium content, nickel content, Se content, zinc content.
S3: the vehicle among the COPERT is referred to light bus, pickup truck, heavy passenger vehicle, heavy goods vehicle and five types of the insides of motorcycle, is input in the COPERT model, calculate basic emission factor according to each basic data that obtains among the step S2;
S4: basic emission factor and vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity according to each vehicle among the step S3 calculate the comprehensive discharge factor that obtains each vehicle;
S5: according to the comprehensive discharge factor calculation road source strength of each vehicle among the step S4;
S6: according to the link length calculation of Emission amount among road source strength that obtains among the step S5 and the step S2.
The said magnitude of traffic flow is confirmed through following manner: choose traffic flow collection point position, distribute traffic stream acquisition time is gathered road traffic flow, the road traffic flow that collects is carried out flow analysis obtain the said magnitude of traffic flow:
Choosing of traffic flow collection point position, the points for investigation position need cover all types road the survey area in, and takes all factors into consideration factors such as road south-north direction, east-west, ring, path space distribution, is directed against specified link simultaneously and sets up the points for investigation position; The distribution of traffic flow collection time, acquisition time be divided into 24 hours, four kinds of 16 hours, 12 hours and peak hours; Road traffic flow is gathered, and through video capture road traffic flow is gathered automatically; Flow analysis; Utilize traffic flow video to detect software the traffic flow video of gathering is added up, obtain the magnitude of traffic flow of all types of roads, statistics is a prior art; Formed the comparatively perfect statistical method of a cover; Mainly be that the vehicle of investigation travels down is classified, be divided into 7 kinds in station wagon, motorbus, jubilee wagon, high capacity waggon, taxi, bus and motorcycle, 7 kinds of vehicle flow values hourly on the same day on the survey road; The vehicle that traffic flow video detection software can be discerned is Light-duty Vehicle, heavy goods vehicles, bus, taxi and motorcycle; Can combine each vehicle proportion in the recoverable amount, obtain the data on flows of light bus, pickup truck, heavy passenger vehicle, heavy goods vehicle and five kinds of vehicles of motorcycle.
Said automotive engineering achievement data storehouse comprises the accumulative total distance travelled of each vehicle, average annual distance travelled, the time of registering the license, fuel type at least.This database is to carry out random sampling to the vehicle that goes in the measuring and calculating administrative region, location, obtains the technical merit information of each vehicle.
Said overall speed is the average speed of investigation road, overall speed adopts and on-the-spotly to take a sample test, Video Detection and three kinds of methods of GPS Floating Car are measured and the result between mutual verification.
Single trip distance travelled can adopt the default value in the COPERT model.
Calculate the comprehensive discharge factor of each vehicle; The simulation discharge capacity that the recoverable amount of the basic emission factor of the sub-vehicle in a certain vehicle and corresponding sub-vehicle is multiplied each other and obtains each sub-vehicle; The simulation discharge capacity summation of each sub-vehicle is divided by the recoverable amount summation of each sub-vehicle; Obtain the comprehensive discharge factor of this vehicle, adopt following computing formula to obtain the said comprehensive discharge factor:
In the formula, EF
iThe comprehensive discharge factor of representing i kind vehicle; E
IjThe basic emission factor of representing j seed vehicle in the i kind vehicle; V
IjThe recoverable amount of representing j seed vehicle in the i kind vehicle
Adopt following computing formula to obtain said road source strength:
A
j＝∑EF
i×U
ij
In the formula, A representes the road source strength of j kind road; EF
iThe comprehensive discharge factor of representing i kind vehicle; U
IjThe magnitude of traffic flow of representing j kind road i kind vehicle.
Adopt following computing formula to obtain said discharge capacity:
E＝∑A
j×L
j
In the formula, E representes discharge capacity; A
jThe road source strength of representing j kind road; L
jThe link length of representing j kind road.
With the measuring and calculating of Foshan City's trunk roads light bus discharge capacity is example, and content of the present invention is explained further details.
1. according to the vehicle classification in the COPERT model,, the vehicle of Foshan City is divided into: light bus, pickup truck, heavy passenger vehicle, heavy goods vehicle, motorcycle in conjunction with the vehicle classification standard of domestic environmental administration and vehicle supervision department.
2. basic data
Table 1 underlying parameter
Table 2 meteorologic parameter
| 2011 | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | Dec |
| The highest (℃) | 19.4 | 26.4 | 27.7 | 33.8 | 35.5 | 35.9 | 38.6 | 35 | 36.1 | 33.6 | 29.2 | 28.5 |
| Minimum (℃) | 3.5 | 6.6 | 10.7 | 15.3 | 17.6 | 24.4 | 25.1 | 24.1 | 22.9 | 14.5 | 15.2 | 3.1 |
Oil product information is with reference to Guangdong Province's provincial standard " motor petrol (Guangdong IV) " DB44/694-2009 and " derv fuel oil (Guangdong IV) " DB44/695-2009.
3. the calculation of Emission factor
Parameter value in the COPERT model among the input step S2; Obtain the basic emission factor of each sub-vehicle of light bus; With the simulation discharge capacity that the recoverable amount of the basic emission factor of each sub-vehicle and corresponding sub-vehicle multiplies each other and obtains each sub-vehicle, the simulation discharge capacity summation of each sub-vehicle obtains the comprehensive discharge factor of light bus divided by the recoverable amount summation of each sub-vehicle.
The table 3 light bus comprehensive discharge factor
| Pollutant type | CO | VOC | NOX | PM |
| Emission factor (g/km * veh) | 1.8358 | 0.4995 | 0.3159 | 0.00296 |
4. calculation of Emission amount
Table 4 trunk roads light bus discharging source strength
| Pollutant type | CO | VOC | NOX | PM |
| Discharging source strength (g/km days) | 71342.86 | 19411.57 | 12276.51 | 115.03 |
Table 5 trunk roads light bus discharge capacity
| Pollutant type | CO | VOC | NOX | PM |
| Discharge capacity (kg/ days) | 47585.69 | 12947.52 | 8188.43 | 76.73 |
Above-listed detailed description is to the specifying of possible embodiments of the present invention, and this embodiment is not in order to limiting claim of the present invention, and the equivalence that all the present invention of disengaging do is implemented or change, all should be contained in the claim of this case.
Claims (8)
1. based on the vehicular emission measuring method of Real-time Road traffic characteristic, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1: set up the vehicle mapping relations according to the vehicle classification in the COPERT model, preset vehicle classification standard;
S2: confirm basic data, said basic data comprises the magnitude of traffic flow, overall speed, automotive engineering achievement data storehouse, meteorologic parameter value, link length, vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity, oil product information, single trip distance travelled, single trip averaging time;
S3: each basic data according to obtaining among the step S2 is input in the COPERT model, calculates basic emission factor;
S4: basic emission factor and vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity according to each vehicle among the step S3 calculate the comprehensive discharge factor that obtains each vehicle;
S5: according to the comprehensive discharge factor calculation road source strength of each vehicle among the step S4;
S6: according to the link length calculation of Emission amount among road source strength that obtains among the step S5 and the step S2.
2. the vehicular emission measuring method based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The said magnitude of traffic flow is confirmed through following manner: choose traffic flow collection point position; Distribute traffic stream acquisition time is gathered road traffic flow, the road traffic flow that collects is carried out flow analysis obtain the said magnitude of traffic flow.
3. the vehicular emission measuring method based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: said automotive engineering achievement data storehouse comprises the accumulative total distance travelled of each vehicle, average annual distance travelled, the time of registering the license, fuel type at least.
4. the vehicular emission measuring method based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: said overall speed is the average speed of investigation road, overall speed adopts and on-the-spotly to take a sample test, Video Detection and three kinds of methods of GPS Floating Car are measured and the result between mutual verification.
5. the vehicular emission measuring method based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: single trip distance travelled can adopt the default value in the COPERT model.
6. the vehicular emission measuring method based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt following computing formula to obtain the said comprehensive discharge factor:
In the formula, EF
iThe comprehensive discharge factor of representing i kind vehicle; E
IjThe basic emission factor of representing j seed vehicle in the i kind vehicle; V
IjThe recoverable amount of representing j seed vehicle in the i kind vehicle
7. the vehicular emission measuring method based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt following computing formula to obtain said road source strength:
A
j＝∑EF
i×U
ij
In the formula, A representes the road source strength of j kind road; EF
iThe comprehensive discharge factor of representing i kind vehicle; U
IjThe magnitude of traffic flow of representing j kind road i kind vehicle.
8. the vehicular emission measuring method based on the Real-time Road traffic characteristic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt following computing formula to obtain said discharge capacity:
E＝∑A
j×L
j
In the formula, E representes discharge capacity; A
jThe road source strength of representing j kind road; L
jThe link length of representing j kind road.
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