CN109082491B - Comprehensive maintenance method for hearth and bottom of blast furnace - Google Patents
Comprehensive maintenance method for hearth and bottom of blast furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN109082491B CN109082491B CN201811174644.7A CN201811174644A CN109082491B CN 109082491 B CN109082491 B CN 109082491B CN 201811174644 A CN201811174644 A CN 201811174644A CN 109082491 B CN109082491 B CN 109082491B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/16—Tuyéres
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of iron making, in particular to a method for comprehensively maintaining a hearth and a furnace bottom of a blast furnace. The method specifically comprises the following steps: adding titanium-containing furnace burden into a blast furnace, wherein the adding amount of titanium dioxide in the titanium-containing furnace burden is not more than 5kg and not more than 20kg based on 1 ton of iron produced, and controlling the titanium content in the molten iron to be 0.100-0.300%; the Si content of the molten iron in normal blast furnace operation is 0.3-0.5%, and is increased to 0.5-0.7%; reducing the alkalinity of the final slag by 0.15-0.25; plugging 1-2 air ports above an area with the temperature of the carbon of the hearth ring being above 400 ℃; the area of a total air inlet of the air supply is reduced by 3-12%; reducing the oxygen-rich amount by 30-60%, reducing the productivity by 8-20%, and blowing the cold air flow and the hot air pressure fully; the edge gas flow is suitable for loosening, enough cold air flow is ensured, and the symmetry of the cold air flow and the hot air pressure is ensured; increasing the sunrise iron times by 1-2 times; the temperature of the side wall of the hearth at the bottom of the blast furnace hearth is safely controlled, the hearth and the bottom of the blast furnace are comprehensively maintained, the stable production of the blast furnace is ensured, and the service life of the first-generation blast furnace is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of iron making, in particular to a method for comprehensively maintaining a hearth and a furnace bottom of a blast furnace.
Background
With the continuous progress and development of blast furnace iron-making technology, the blast furnace process shows the development trend of large-scale and automatic control, and a series of new furnace body design technologies such as thin-wall furnace linings, ultra-microporous carbon bricks and the like are applied to the blast furnace at the present stage, so that the fuel consumption and the smelting strength of the blast furnace are greatly improved compared with the prior art, and the smelting economy of the blast furnace is further improved.
However, after the smelting strength and the furnace volume are increased, the molten iron storage amount and the circulation speed of the blast furnace hearth are greatly increased compared with the past, so that the static pressure and the scouring force of the molten iron on the hearth and the furnace bottom are greatly increased, the occurrence of adverse factors aggravates the occurrence of the damage phenomenon of the brick linings of the hearth and the furnace bottom, the reduction speed of the brick linings of the hearth and the furnace bottom is accelerated, the safety production of the blast furnace is threatened, the service life of the first-generation furnace service of the blast furnace is reduced, and the frequent blast furnace hearth burn-through events in recent years are best exemplified. The investment of blast furnaces, which is the largest monomer reaction vessel in the world, is huge, and the shutdown overhaul of the blast furnaces brings huge economic loss to metallurgical enterprises due to the burnthrough of furnace hearth and furnace bottom, so how to prolong the service life of the blast furnaces as much as possible under the conditions of the existing equipment and raw fuel becomes an important research subject in the current iron-making field.
Each enterprise starts from actual conditions, and selects different schemes according to local conditions to realize stable production of the blast furnace, particularly maintenance of the furnace bottom, and the technical schemes are summarized and mainly comprise the following categories: 1) reducing the smelting strength, for example, adopting measures of blocking a tuyere, reducing oxygen enrichment and air quantity and the like to realize the reduction of the smelting strength of the blast furnace, thereby reducing the occurrence of brick lining erosion phenomenon caused by molten iron circulation and the like; 2) the vanadium-titanium ore furnace protection is adopted, for example, furnace materials such as sintered ores and pellet ores containing vanadium and titanium are added, and Ti (C, N) deposition on the surface of a furnace lining is realized through a special reaction mechanism of the vanadium-titanium ore on the surface of the furnace lining at the positions of a furnace hearth, a furnace bottom and the like, so that the protection of a brick lining is realized, and the service life of a blast furnace is prolonged; 3) furthermore, measures for increasing cooling strength, such as increasing the amount of cooling water, reducing the temperature of the cooling water, using a pipeline pump, using an outer furnace shell to pump water and the like, are adopted, and the speed of corrosion of the brick lining hot surface is reduced by forcibly cooling the hearth and the furnace bottom lining body, so that the long-life stable production of the blast furnace is realized. However, the above schemes all take the cost of the blast furnace output or the combustion consumption as the cost, so that the economy of blast furnace smelting is greatly reduced, and although the blast furnace production is maintained to a certain extent, the blast furnace smelting is lack of practical value and is not cost-effective in economy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for comprehensively maintaining a hearth and a furnace bottom of a blast furnace, which is characterized in that proper blast parameters are selected, reasonable raw fuel is used, the temperature of the side wall of the hearth and the furnace bottom of the blast furnace in the middle and later stages of the blast furnace service is safely controlled, the hearth and the furnace bottom are comprehensively maintained, the blast furnace is stably produced, and the service life of the first-generation furnace of the blast furnace is prolonged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for comprehensively maintaining a hearth and a bottom of a blast furnace specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, controlling the titanium content of molten iron:
adding titanium-containing furnace burden into a blast furnace, wherein the adding amount of titanium dioxide in the titanium-containing furnace burden is not more than 5kg and not more than 20kg based on 1 ton of iron produced, and controlling the titanium content in the molten iron to be 0.100-0.300%;
step two, controlling the silicon content of molten iron:
the Si content of the molten iron in normal blast furnace operation is 0.3-0.5%, and is increased to 0.5-0.7%;
step three, controlling the final slag alkalinity of the blast furnace:
the alkalinity of the binary final slag in normal blast furnace operation is 1.25 +/-0.5; the reduction is 0.15 to 0.25;
step four, controlling the airflow distribution of a certain area of the circumference of the hearth, and reducing the ring carbon temperature point of the area:
plugging 1-2 air ports above an area with the temperature of the carbon of the hearth ring being above 400 ℃;
step five, reducing the total area of an air supply port:
adjusting the diameters of the air supply air ports of the individual areas to reduce the area of the total air supply air port by 3-12%;
step six, full-wind full-pressure operation:
reducing the oxygen-rich amount by 30-60%, reducing the productivity by 8-20%, determining an air supply system according to the symmetrical relation between the cold air flow and the hot air pressure of normal smelting intensity, and fully blowing enough cold air flow and hot air pressure;
step seven, adjusting the coal gas flow distribution:
the edge gas flow is suitable for loosening, enough cold air flow is ensured, and the symmetry of the cold air flow and the hot air pressure is ensured;
step eight, increasing the sunrise iron times:
increasing the sunrise iron times by 1-2 times;
the titanium-containing furnace burden in the step one is continuously added.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention selects proper blast parameters and uses reasonable raw fuel to achieve the purpose that the temperature of the side wall of the hearth and the hearth of the blast furnace hearth at the middle and later stages of the blast furnace campaign is safely controlled, thereby not only creating the hearth and the hearth environment of the protective furnace, but also ensuring the original operating parameters, airflow distribution and operating furnace type and properly reducing the smelting intensity. The comprehensive maintenance of the hearth and the bottom of the blast furnace is met, the blast furnace is stably produced, the local temperature measurement of the hearth and the bottom of the blast furnace is increased, and the service life of the blast furnace is prolonged to the maximum extent when the alarm value of long-life management is reached.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively maintaining a hearth and a bottom of a blast furnace. Those skilled in the art can modify the process parameters appropriately to achieve the desired results with reference to the disclosure herein. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
A method for comprehensively maintaining a hearth and a bottom of a blast furnace specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, controlling the titanium content of molten iron:
adding titanium-containing furnace burden into a blast furnace, wherein the adding amount of titanium dioxide in the titanium-containing furnace burden is not more than 5kg and not more than 20kg based on 1 ton of iron produced, and controlling the titanium content in the molten iron to be 0.100-0.300%;
step two, controlling the silicon content of molten iron:
the Si content of the molten iron in normal blast furnace operation is 0.3-0.5%, and is increased to 0.5-0.7%;
step three, controlling the final slag alkalinity of the blast furnace:
the alkalinity of the binary final slag in normal blast furnace operation is 1.25 +/-0.5; the reduction is 0.15 to 0.25;
step four, controlling the airflow distribution of a certain area of the circumference of the hearth, and reducing the ring carbon temperature point of the area:
plugging 1-2 air ports above an area with the temperature of the carbon of the hearth ring being above 400 ℃;
step five, reducing the total area of an air supply port:
adjusting the diameters of the air supply air ports of the individual areas to reduce the area of the total air supply air port by 3-12%;
step six, full-wind full-pressure operation:
reducing the oxygen-rich amount by 30-60%, reducing the productivity by 8-20%, determining an air supply system according to the symmetrical relation between the cold air flow and the hot air pressure of normal smelting intensity, and fully blowing enough cold air flow and hot air pressure;
step seven, adjusting the coal gas flow distribution:
the edge gas flow is suitable for loosening, enough cold air flow is ensured, and the symmetry of the cold air flow and the hot air pressure is ensured;
step eight, increasing the sunrise iron times:
increasing the sunrise iron times by 1-2 times;
the titanium-containing furnace burden in the step one is continuously added.
The invention can create the hearth and bottom environment of the protective furnace, simultaneously ensure the original operating parameters, airflow distribution and operation furnace shape, and properly reduce the smelting strength. When the local temperature measurement at the bottom of the blast furnace hearth rises and reaches the warning value of long-life management, necessary guarantee is provided for prolonging the service life of the blast furnace to the maximum extent and reasonably operating the blast furnace.
Example 1:
the titanium load control range is 5kg/t, the titanium content in the molten iron is controlled to be 0.100 percent, so as to establish a furnace hearth furnace protection environment, improve the furnace temperature to 0.5 percent, reduce the alkalinity of the final slag to 0.15 percent and ensure smooth operation.
And blocking 1 tuyere at the position with high ring carbon temperature to control the regional airflow distribution and lower the temperature point. The area of the air port in other areas is uniformly expanded, so that the total area is reduced by 3 percent. The productivity is properly reduced by 8 percent, the tapping frequency is increased by 1 time, the full force is needed to blow enough cold air flow, the hot air pressure is needed to reduce the oxygen-rich amount, and the air supply system is determined according to the symmetrical relation of the air quantity and the air pressure with normal intensity, namely the operation of 'full air full pressure'. The effect obtained by the blast furnace application is detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 blast furnace application results
| Item | Fuel ratio, kg/t | Pig iron production, t/d | Service time of blast furnace |
| Before use | 545 | 4700 | 7.5 |
| After use | 540 | 4750 | 8.5 |
| Effect | -5 | +50 | +1.0 |
According to the method, after the blast furnace with the effective furnace volume of 2580m3 is adopted, the hearth and bottom environment of the protective furnace can be created, the original operation parameters, airflow distribution and operation furnace type can be ensured, after the local temperature measurement of the hearth and the bottom of the blast furnace is increased, necessary guarantee is provided for reasonable operation, the good effects of reducing the fuel ratio by 5kg/t, increasing the pig iron yield by 50t/d and prolonging the service time of the blast furnace by one year are achieved.
Example 2:
the titanium load control range is 10kg/t, the titanium content in the molten iron is controlled to be 0.200 percent, so as to establish a furnace hearth furnace protection environment, improve the furnace temperature to 0.6 percent, reduce the alkalinity of the final slag to 0.15 percent and ensure smooth operation.
And 2 air ports are blocked at the position with high ring carbon temperature to control the regional air flow distribution and reduce the temperature point. The area of the air port in other areas is uniformly expanded, so that the total area is reduced by 4 percent. The productivity is properly reduced by 9 percent, the tapping frequency is increased by 2 times, the full force is needed to blow enough cold air flow, the hot air pressure is needed to reduce the oxygen-rich amount, and the air supply system is determined according to the symmetrical relation of the air quantity and the air pressure with normal intensity, namely the operation of 'full air full pressure'. The effect obtained by the blast furnace application is detailed in table 2.
TABLE 2 blast furnace application results
| Item | Fuel ratio, kg/t | Pig iron production, t/d | Service time of blast furnace |
| Before use | 535 | 6300 | 7.5 |
| After use | 530 | 6400 | 8.5 |
| Effect | -5 | +100 | +1.0 |
According to the method, after the blast furnace with the effective furnace volume of 3200m3 is adopted, the hearth and bottom environment of the protective furnace can be created, the original operation parameters, airflow distribution and operation furnace type can be ensured, after the local temperature measurement of the hearth and the bottom of the blast furnace is increased, necessary guarantee is provided for reasonable operation, the good effects of reducing the fuel ratio by 5kg/t, increasing the pig iron yield by 100t/d and prolonging the service time of the blast furnace by one year are achieved.
Example 3:
the titanium load control range is 20kg/t, the titanium content in the molten iron is controlled to be 0.300 percent, so as to establish a furnace hearth furnace protection environment, improve the furnace temperature to 0.7 percent, reduce the alkalinity of the final slag to 0.15 percent and ensure smooth operation.
And 2 air ports are blocked at the position with high ring carbon temperature to control the regional air flow distribution and reduce the temperature point. The area of the air port in other areas is uniformly expanded, so that the total area is reduced by 5 percent. The productivity is properly reduced by 10 percent, the tapping frequency is increased by 2 times, the full force is needed to blow enough cold air flow, the hot air pressure is needed to reduce the oxygen-rich amount, and the air supply system is determined according to the symmetrical relation of the air quantity and the air pressure with normal intensity, namely the operation of 'full air full pressure'. The blast furnace application results are detailed in table 3.
TABLE 3 blast furnace application achievement
| Item | Fuel ratio, kg/t | Pig iron production, t/d | Service time of blast furnace |
| Before use | 530 | 7100 | 8.5 |
| After use | 525 | 7300 | 10 |
| Effect | -5 | +200 | +1.5 |
The invention selects proper blast parameters and uses reasonable raw fuel to achieve the purpose that the temperature of the side wall of the hearth and the hearth of the blast furnace hearth at the middle and later stages of the blast furnace campaign is safely controlled, thereby not only creating the hearth and the hearth environment of the protective furnace, but also ensuring the original operating parameters, airflow distribution and operating furnace type and properly reducing the smelting intensity. The comprehensive maintenance of the hearth and the bottom of the blast furnace ensures that the blast furnace is stably produced, the local temperature measurement of the hearth and the bottom of the blast furnace is increased, and the service life of the blast furnace is prolonged to the maximum extent when the alarm value of long-life management is reached.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for comprehensively maintaining a hearth and a bottom of a blast furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, controlling the titanium content of molten iron:
adding titanium-containing furnace burden into a blast furnace, wherein the titanium-containing furnace burden is continuously added, the adding amount of titanium dioxide in the titanium-containing furnace burden is not more than 5kg and not more than 20kg based on 1 ton of iron produced, and the titanium content in molten iron is controlled to be 0.100-0.300%;
step two, controlling the silicon content of molten iron:
the Si content of the molten iron in normal blast furnace operation is 0.3-0.5%, and is increased to 0.5-0.7%;
step three, controlling the final slag alkalinity of the blast furnace:
the alkalinity of the binary final slag in normal blast furnace operation is 1.25 +/-0.5; the reduction is 0.15 to 0.25;
step four, controlling the airflow distribution of a certain area of the circumference of the hearth, and reducing the ring carbon temperature point of the area:
plugging 1-2 air ports above an area with the temperature of the carbon of the hearth ring being above 400 ℃;
step five, reducing the total area of an air supply port:
adjusting the diameters of the air supply air ports of the individual areas to reduce the area of the total air supply air port by 3-12%;
step six, full-wind full-pressure operation:
reducing the oxygen-rich amount by 30-60%, reducing the productivity by 8-20%, determining an air supply system according to the symmetrical relation between the cold air flow and the hot air pressure of normal smelting intensity, and fully blowing enough cold air flow and hot air pressure;
step seven, adjusting the coal gas flow distribution:
the edge gas flow is suitable for loosening, enough cold air flow is ensured, and the symmetry of the cold air flow and the hot air pressure is ensured;
step eight, increasing the sunrise iron times:
increasing the sunrise iron frequency by 1-2 times.
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| JP2724063B2 (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1998-03-09 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Raw material charging control method at the blast furnace top |
| JP2000017312A (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2000-01-18 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Blast furnace, method for designing furnace bottom part in blast furnace and operation of blast furnace |
| CN1789432A (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2006-06-21 | 河北滦河实业集团有限公司 | Process for smelting schreyerite by blast furnace with cooling block |
| CN100595284C (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2010-03-24 | 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Maintaining method for blast furnace |
| CN104388612B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-08-17 | 大冶特殊钢股份有限公司 | A kind of blast furnace low cost titanium ore furnace retaining method |
| CN104372127A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-02-25 | 首钢总公司 | Method for improving furnace maintenance efficiency of blast furnace |
| CN106148613B (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-10-12 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | The blast-furnace smelting method for vanadium titano-magnetite of regulating stove bottom hearth erosion situation |
| CN108504804B (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2020-01-10 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | High-efficiency production method of blast furnace capable of realizing safety furnace protection |
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