CN109081734B - Coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device and modification method - Google Patents
Coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device and modification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109081734B CN109081734B CN201811089052.5A CN201811089052A CN109081734B CN 109081734 B CN109081734 B CN 109081734B CN 201811089052 A CN201811089052 A CN 201811089052A CN 109081734 B CN109081734 B CN 109081734B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 10
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 compound sodium nitrophenolate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001038 titanium pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N Brassinolide Natural products O=C1OC[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)CC3)CC[C@@H]2[C@]2(C)[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C2 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005976 Ethephon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWBJYWHLCVSVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzyladenine Chemical compound N=1C=NC=2NC=NC=2C=1NCC1=CC=CC=C1 NWBJYWHLCVSVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-butyric acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012165 plant wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012178 vegetable wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device and a modification method, wherein the modification method comprises the steps of firstly throwing screened coated sustained-release fertilizer core particles into a roller which is pre-added with an abrasive and preheated, and enabling the core particles, the abrasive, the roller, a shoveling plate and the core particles to perform friction movement through clockwise or anticlockwise movement of the roller, so that the raised parts on the surface of the core particles are worn out by external force, and concave parts are filled by ground particle powder, thereby modifying the surface of the core particles. The surface of the fertilizer core particles obtained by the method is smooth and round, and the specific surface area, the void ratio and the coating material consumption of the fertilizer core particles are reduced, so that the production cost is reduced, and the key problems of low nutrient controlled release precision of the coating material, large coating material consumption, high cost, difficult industrial popularization and the like in the current sustained and controlled release fertilizer industry are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of processing, production and manufacturing of coated slow/controlled release fertilizers, in particular to a coated slow/controlled release fertilizer core particle surface modification device and a modification method.
Background
The fertilizer can provide nutrients for plants, is a foundation of high-yield and high-efficiency agriculture, and is one of the most important agricultural products. However, the traditional fertilizer has low utilization rate, which causes serious resource waste and environmental pollution. The slow/controlled release fertilizer delays or controls the release period and release amount of the fertilizer in the soil by adopting a certain regulation and control mechanism technology, so that the slow/controlled release fertilizer is coordinated or synchronous with the nutrient absorption of crops, the fertilizer utilization rate can be obviously improved, and the high-efficiency requirement of the fertilizer is met; meanwhile, nitrate nitrogen leaching can be reduced, and agricultural non-point source pollution is slowed down; in addition, the slow/controlled release fertilizer technology can realize the nutrient requirement of crops in the whole growth period by one-time basal application, simplifies the fertilization procedure, reduces the labor cost, has the advantages of time saving, labor saving, fertilizer saving and high efficiency, and becomes a hot spot for domestic and foreign research.
The coated slow-release fertilizer is one of the main slow-release/controlled-release fertilizer varieties at present, and mainly takes a granular fertilizer as a core, and a layer of low-water-solubility or slightly-soluble inorganic substance or organic polymer is coated on the surface layer, so that the dissolution characteristic of fertilizer nutrients is changed, and the nutrient release is regulated and controlled. However, the coated sustained-release fertilizer core particles are not round, the surface is rough, the specific surface area is large, the amount of the membrane material required by the coating process is increased, the resource waste is caused, the production cost is additionally increased, the market price of the product is increased, and the green development and the product scale application of the sustained/controlled-release fertilizer industry in China are limited. Therefore, a fertilizer core particle modification technology with simple process and low cost is urgently needed, so that the dosage of a film material is reduced, the nutrient controlled release accuracy of the coated sustained and controlled release fertilizer is improved, and the method is favorable for industrial mass production of products and large-area popularization and application in agricultural production.
Related patent CN101659583a discloses a post-treatment method of a granular fertilizer, which can improve the roundness and surface smoothness of fertilizer granules, however, the mode needs to be equipped with urea and/or ammonium nitrate aqueous solution, the coating solute also comprises a binder, the process is complicated, the processing cost is increased, and the binder is easy to bond the granules. The related patents CN104496566A and CN107840682A disclose a large-particle urea surface reconstruction method and an improved large-particle urea surface reconstruction method, the urea surface particle rounding performance is improved in a mode of self friction of urea particles after formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde are sprayed, the effect is obvious, however, the friction coefficient between materials is limited, 100% of urea filling the concave part of the surface of the large-particle urea comes from the convex part of the surface of the large-particle urea, the fertilizer surface modification efficiency is relatively low, meanwhile, the use of formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde is easy to cause environmental pollution, the physical health of production personnel and the safety of soil and food are unfavorable, and in addition, the surface modification mode has a narrow application range and cannot be suitable for the surface modification of other fertilizer particles.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device and a modification method, wherein the modification device is used for sieving, heating, polishing, rounding and drying the fertilizer core particles, continuous production can be realized, the modification method by the device is low in cost, low in energy consumption and simple in process, and the modified fertilizer core particles are smooth and round.
The invention provides a coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device which comprises a roller and a feeding box positioned at the feeding end of the roller, wherein a hot gas inlet pipe communicated with the interior of the roller and a feeding pipe extending into the roller are fixedly arranged on the feeding box, and a spiral shoveling plate for pushing materials to move towards the discharging end is fixedly arranged in the roller.
According to the scheme, hot air can be introduced into the roller through the hot air inlet pipe to preheat and heat the inside of the roller, when the roller rotates positively, fertilizer particles and abrasive are pushed to move from the feeding end to the discharging end through the action of the spiral shoveling plate, and meanwhile, mutual friction is generated between the fertilizer core particles and the abrasive, the cylinder wall and the shoveling plate in the roller and between the fertilizer core particles and the fertilizer particles, so that polishing and rounding of the surfaces of the fertilizer core particles are realized.
As optimization, the feeding end of the roller is fixedly connected with an annular fine-hole sieve extending into the feeding box, and the feeding box is provided with a small particle discharging hole lower than the fine-hole sieve. According to the optimization scheme, the annular fine-hole sieve is arranged, materials are accumulated at the feeding end when the roller rotates positively, materials in the material pile are ground when rotating along with the roller, particles with different volumes are generated, layering phenomenon of large particles under the upper and small particles occurs, and in the process that the fine-hole sieve rotates along with the roller, fertilizer core particles with too small specification are sieved out and flow out from the small-particle discharge port, so that the homogenization degree of the specification of the fertilizer core particles is improved; when the cylinder is reversed, the material concentrates on the feed end and grinds, and the too little granule of grinding can appear in the grinding process to the granule is located the lower floor, screens out the too little fertile core granule of specification through the fine pore sieve, can improve the homogenization degree of fertile core granule specification equally.
Preferably, a screen rapping device corresponding to the fine mesh screen is arranged on the feeding box. According to the optimized scheme, the screen mesh vibrating device is used for vibrating the fine-hole screen, so that the passing speed of small-particle materials is improved, the blocking of screen meshes is avoided, and the screening continuity is ensured.
As optimization, the feeding box is also fixedly penetrated with a water adding pipe extending into the roller, and the water adding pipe positioned in the roller is provided with a plurality of spray heads which are axially arranged. According to the optimization scheme, the water adding pipe and the spray head are arranged, so that the fertilizer synergist or the fertilizer surface modifier can be added, and various requirements for modification are met.
As the optimization, still include fixed setting and stretch to the inside compression trachea of cylinder discharge end, set up the jet that faces towards the material on the compression trachea. And the compressed air pipe and the air jet are used for jetting drying gas onto the materials, so that the fertilizer core particles are dried, and the drying requirement is met.
The modified particle discharging device is characterized by further comprising a discharging box positioned at the discharging end of the roller, wherein the discharging end of the roller is fixedly connected with an annular coarse pore sieve extending into the discharging box, and a modified particle discharging hole lower than the coarse pore sieve is formed in the discharging box. This optimization scheme is through setting up the discharging case, makes the fertile core granule after the modification collect more conveniently, separates fertile core granule and abrasive material through the coarse pore sieve simultaneously, and fertile core granule falls down from the sieve mesh, and the abrasive material is stopped by the coarse pore sieve and is left in the cylinder, convenient reuse.
As optimization, the included angle between the axis of the roller and the horizontal direction is 1-6 degrees, and the feeding end is lower than the discharging end. The setting of cylinder in this optimization scheme has prolonged the time of material in the cylinder to the frictional force between spiral flight and the fertile core granule has been improved, thereby has improved polishing and has thrown the circle effect.
A surface modification method for coated sustained-release fertilizer core particles comprises intermittent modification and continuous modification;
the continuous modification comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding the abrasive into a roller, and preheating the temperature in the roller to 45-100 ℃;
(2) Adding the fertilizer core particles into a roller, wherein the mass of the used abrasive is 0.5-3 times of that of the fertilizer core particles, rotating the roller to enable a spiral shoveling plate to push materials to move towards a discharge end, simultaneously introducing 100-150 ℃ hot air into the roller, keeping the surface temperature of the fertilizer core particles at 45-100 ℃ and the rotating speed of the roller at 5-20 rpm, and enabling the materials to move from the feed end to the discharge end for 5-50 min;
The batch modification comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding the abrasive into a roller, and preheating the temperature in the roller to 45-100 ℃;
(2) The method comprises the steps of adding fertilizer core particles into a roller, rotating the roller along the direction opposite to continuous modification, enabling the fertilizer core particles and the abrasive to grind at a feeding end, simultaneously introducing hot air at 100-150 ℃ into the roller, enabling the surface temperature of the fertilizer core particles to be kept at 45-100 ℃ and the rotating speed of the roller to be 5-20 rpm, changing the rotating direction of the roller after grinding for 5-40 min, and pushing materials to a discharging end by using a spiral shoveling plate, wherein the mass of the abrasive is 0.5-3 times of that of the fertilizer core particles.
The method can realize continuous modification and intermittent modification by changing the rotation direction of the roller, can meet different feeding working conditions, can use continuous modification if continuous feeding equipment exists, can adopt intermittent modification if continuous feeding equipment does not exist, and improves the application range of the device; the abrasive mass in the method is 0.5-3 times of the fertilizer core particle mass, the abrasive/fertilizer core ratio in the range has proper friction efficiency, excessive abrasion to the roller caused by excessive abrasive consumption is avoided, and meanwhile, the energy consumption of equipment is reduced; the temperature of the hot air is controlled to be 100-150 ℃, and the hot air at the temperature can keep the temperature in the roller to meet the requirement and can not cause the melting of fertilizer core particles; the control of the air quantity can meet the process requirements of uniform drying and blowing of the fertilizer core particles, has moderate size and saves energy consumption, when the fertilizer synergist solution and the fertilizer surface modifier are not added, the lower air quantity is adopted to heat the fertilizer core particles, and when the fertilizer synergist or the fertilizer surface modifier is added, the higher air quantity is adopted to heat and dry the fertilizer core particles; the surface temperature of the fertilizer core particles is kept at 45-100 ℃, the surface of the fertilizer particles is softened under the temperature condition, the grinding is easy, fertilizer powder generated after the grinding can fill the concave parts of the fertilizer without generating dust, the lower temperature is preferred when the fertilizer synergist solution and the fertilizer surface modifier are not added, and the higher temperature is preferred when the fertilizer synergist or the fertilizer surface modifier is added so as to facilitate drying.
As optimization, while the roller rotates, adding a fertilizer surface modifier and/or a fertilizer synergist into the roller, wherein the dosage of the fertilizer surface modifier is 0.1-5% of the mass of the fertilizer core particles, the adding rate is 10-80 g/s, the dosage of the fertilizer synergist is 0.1-5% of the mass of the fertilizer particles, and the adding rate is 10-50 g/s. By adding the fertilizer surface modifier and/or the fertilizer synergist, the raised parts on the surfaces of the fertilizer core particles are worn away by external force, and the concave parts are filled with the ground particle powder, the fertilizer surface modifier or the fertilizer synergist, so that the surfaces of the fertilizer core particles become smooth and round, no obvious protrusions exist, the compost density, the roundness and the fluidization of the fertilizer core particles are obviously improved, and the specific surface area and the void ratio of the fertilizer core particles are reduced.
Preferably, the abrasive comprises one or more of abrasive particles made of brown corundum, white corundum, steel balls, white ceramic, zirconia beads, glass beads, chrome corundum, high-frequency porcelain, resin, bamboo particles or stainless steel. The abrasive of the optimization scheme has high hardness, mechanical friction strength is far greater than the friction coefficient between fertilizers, and compared with the traditional fertilizer surface modification process, the method has higher treatment efficiency and more remarkable effect, and improves polishing and rounding efficiency.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. integrates synergistic agent addition and fertilizer particle screening, heating, polishing, rounding and drying, can realize continuous surface modification operation, has simple process, low equipment investment, low energy consumption and strong environment adaptability, has wide application range, can be widely applied to main stream solvent-free rotary bulge membrane type and solvent bottom spray fluidized bed type sustained and controlled release fertilizer production lines in China, and can also be applied to precise piece continuous, batch deburring, chamfering and knife lines;
2. the fertilizer surface modifier and the fertilizer synergist can be selected not to be added, the fertilizer surface modification is carried out only by friction between the abrasive and the fertilizer core particles, no water solution is added in the whole process, no additional drying process is needed, the energy consumption is reduced, the fertilizer surface modification time is greatly shortened, the production efficiency is improved, and the large-scale production is facilitated;
3. The abrasive can be reused after being put into operation once, the mechanical friction strength of the abrasive matched with the core particles of the controlled release fertilizer is far greater than the friction coefficient between fertilizers, and compared with the traditional fertilizer surface modification process, the treatment efficiency is higher, and the effect is more obvious;
4. different modification schemes and surface treatment substances can be matched for modifying different types of fertilizer particles, meanwhile, the spraying of the fertilizer synergist can be carried out by arranging a water adding pipe and a spray head, so that the value-added fertilizer can be conveniently prepared, the application range is wide, and the operability is strong;
5. The surface of the fertilizer core particles becomes smooth and round, obvious protrusions are avoided, the composting density, the roundness and the fluidization of the fertilizer core particles are obviously improved, the specific surface area, the void ratio and the coating material consumption of the fertilizer core particles are reduced, the coating consumption is obviously reduced compared with the coated sustained-release fertilizer in the same nutrient controlled-release period, and the nutrient release period is obviously prolonged under the condition of the same coating quantity, so that the production cost is reduced, and the key problems of low nutrient controlled-release precision of the coating material, large coating material consumption, high cost, difficult industrialized popularization and the like in the current sustained-release fertilizer industry are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a modifying apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the millbase feed and heating process;
Fig. 4: the smoothness of the fertilizer core particles which are not subjected to surface treatment and are subjected to the treatment of the invention;
fig. 5: the particle size distribution of the fertilizer core particles which are not subjected to surface treatment and are subjected to the treatment of the invention;
Fig. 6: the angle of repose of the fertilizer core particles which are not subjected to surface treatment and are subjected to the treatment of the invention;
Fig. 7: the bulk density of the fertilizer core particles which are not subjected to surface treatment and are subjected to treatment of the invention;
Fig. 8: the nutrient release curves of the coated slow-release fertilizer which is not subjected to surface treatment and is subjected to treatment of the invention are compared;
Fig. 9: the fertilizer core particle surface which is not subjected to surface treatment and is subjected to the treatment of the invention is subjected to a scanning electron microscope.
Shown in fig. 1 and 2:
1. The device comprises a water adding pipe, 2, a feeding box, 3, a feeding pipe, 4, a fine-hole sieve, 5, a screen rapping device, 6, a roller, 7, an insulating layer, 8, a spray head, 9, a coarse-hole sieve, 10, a spray nozzle, 11, a hot gas dust removal return pipe, 12, a compressed air pipe, 13, a hot gas inlet pipe, 14, a spiral shoveling plate, 15, a modified particle discharge port, 16, a riding wheel, 17, a speed reducer, 18, a small particle discharge port, 19 and an anti-falling baffle.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical characteristics of the scheme, the scheme is explained below through a specific embodiment.
The coated slow-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device shown in fig. 1 comprises a roller 6, a feeding box 2 and a discharging box, wherein the roller 6 is fixedly provided with two rolling rings, the feeding box 2 is positioned at the feeding end of the roller 6, the discharging box is positioned at the discharging end of the roller, the diameter of the roller is 0.5-6 m, the length of the roller is 2-10 m, the included angle between the axis of the roller and the horizontal direction is 1-6 degrees, and the feeding end is lower than the discharging end.
The outer heat preservation 7 that is equipped with of section of thick bamboo wall of cylinder, the cylinder is interior to have set firmly the spiral form of shoveling plate 14 that promotes the material to the discharge end removal, and the cylinder is rotatory by drive arrangement drive, and drive arrangement includes four and is the rectangle distribution and support the riding wheel 16 of race, and at least one riding wheel passes through reduction gear 17 and connects positive reverse motor, and when positive reverse motor drove the riding wheel and rotate, utilizes the frictional force between riding wheel and the race to drive the race and rotate to make the cylinder take place to rotate.
The feeding box 2 is fixedly provided with a hot gas inlet pipe 13 communicated with the inside of the roller and a feeding pipe 3 extending into the roller, the feeding end of the roller 6 is fixedly connected with an annular fine-hole sieve 4 extending into the feeding box 2 and corresponding to the outlet of the feeding pipe, the fine-hole sieve 4 is coaxial with the roller and fixedly connected with the roller in a sealing manner, the inside of the feeding end of the fine-hole sieve is fixedly provided with a material-falling preventing baffle 19, materials are prevented from flowing out from the feeding end, and the diameter of a sieve hole of the fine-hole sieve is 0.5-3 mm so as to screen out small particles generated after grinding.
A screen rapping device 5 corresponding to the fine mesh screen is arranged on the feeding box 2, and the fine mesh screen is rapped through the screen rapping device 5, so that blocking is prevented; the feeding box 2 is also provided with a small particle discharge hole 18 lower than the position of the fine pore sieve 4, fertilizer core particles fall to the fine pore sieve after flowing out of the feeding pipe, small particle materials flow out of the small particle discharge hole, and other particles are pushed to a discharge end by a material pile under the condition that the feeding pipe is continuously fed.
The feeding box is further fixedly provided with a water adding pipe 1 extending into the roller in a penetrating mode, one end, extending into the roller, of the water adding pipe 1 is 0.5-5 m away from the fine-hole sieve, a plurality of spray heads 8 which are axially arranged are arranged on the water adding pipe located in the roller, and the interval between every two adjacent spray heads is 0.5-2.5 m.
The discharging box is fixedly provided with a compressed air pipe 12 which extends to the inside of the discharging end of the roller, an air nozzle 10 facing the material is arranged on the compressed air pipe, the material is purged through the compressed air pipe and the air nozzle during use, the purging interval is 10-60 s/time, and the blowing air consumption is 60-200L/h.
The discharge end rigid coupling of cylinder has stretches to annular coarse pore sieve 9 in the discharging case, set up on the discharging case and be less than the modified granule discharge gate 15 of coarse pore sieve position, coarse pore sieve 9 and cylinder coaxial and sealing connection, the sieve mesh diameter of coarse pore sieve is 5~6mm, is equipped with the screen cloth rapping device that corresponds with the coarse pore sieve on the discharging case, has steam dust removal back flow 11 at the top rigid coupling of discharging case.
The modification method of the coated slow-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device comprises continuous modification and intermittent modification, and as shown in fig. 3, the continuous modification comprises the following steps:
1, adding an abrasive into a roller, wherein the mass of the abrasive is 0.5-3 times of the mass of the fertilizer core particles, introducing hot air into the roller through a hot air inlet pipe, and preheating the temperature in the roller to 45-100 ℃;
2 means that small-particle materials are screened out through fine sieve holes, so that uniformity of material specification is ensured;
3, adding the fertilizer core particles remained after screening into a roller;
4 refers to a surface modification process of coated slow-release fertilizer core particles, wherein the pretreatment time is 5-50 min, and the pretreatment is grinding treatment in a roller;
wherein 4 in FIG. 3 comprises four surface modification modes 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4: 4-1 is to modify the surface of the fertilizer core particles without adding any synergist and modifier; 4-2, only adding a fertilizer synergist to carry out surface modification on fertilizer core particles, wherein when the fertilizer synergist is used, the dry matter dosage of the fertilizer synergist is 0.1-5% of the mass of the fertilizer particles, and the adding rate is 10-50 g/s;4-3, only adding a fertilizer surface modifier to carry out surface modification on the fertilizer core particles, wherein the dosage of the surface modifier is 0.1-5% of the mass of the fertilizer particles, and the adding rate is 10-80 g/s;4-4, adding a fertilizer surface modifier and a fertilizer synergist simultaneously to carry out surface modification on fertilizer core particles, wherein the dry matter dosage when the fertilizer synergist is used is 0.1-5% of the mass of the fertilizer particles, the adding rate is 10-50 g/s, and the surface modifying matter dosage when the surface modifying matter is added simultaneously is 0.1-5% of the mass of the fertilizer particles, and the adding rate is 10-80 g/s;
5, heating and controlling the temperature, wherein the surface temperature of the fertilizer core particles is 45-100 ℃;
6, blowing, namely rotating the roller in the forward direction, and simultaneously introducing hot air at 100-150 ℃ into the roller through a hot air inlet pipe, wherein the air quantity is 20m 2-800 m 2/min, so that the surface temperature of the fertilizer core particles is kept at 45-100 ℃;
7, rotating control, wherein the rotating speed of the roller is 5-20 rpm, and the time for the material to move from the feeding end to the discharging end is 5-50 min;
8, mixing materials, pushing fertilizer particles and abrasive materials to move from a feeding end to a discharging end through the action of a spiral shoveling plate, and generating mutual friction between the fertilizer core particles and the abrasive materials in the roller, the cylinder wall and the shoveling plate and between the fertilizer core particles and the fertilizer particles while moving, so as to polish and round the surfaces of the fertilizer core particles;
9, intermittent purging of compressed air, wherein the intermittent purging interval of the compressed air is 10-60 s/time, and the blowing air consumption is 60-200L/h;
10 is a drying process, for example, the process of selecting the aqueous solution containing the fertilizer synergist in a fertilizer surface modification mode should be performed with drying of fertilizer particles;
And 11 is the process of discharging, cooling, packaging and storing after sieving the fertilizer particles and the abrasive, wherein the fertilizer particles fall down from the coarse-pore sieve, and the abrasive is blocked by the coarse-pore sieve, so that the fertilizer particles are convenient to recycle.
The intermittent modification is different from the continuous modification in that after the material is fed, the roller is reversely rotated, fertilizer core particles and abrasive are fully ground at the feeding end, the grinding time is 5-40 min, fine particles generated in the grinding process leak from a fine-hole sieve, and after the grinding is completed, the roller is rotated positively, and the material is pushed to the discharging end by utilizing a spiral shoveling plate.
The modification device and the modification method can be applied to modification of urea, nitrophosphate fertilizer, ammonium bicarbonate, NPK compound fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate particles, and have wide application range.
The abrasive comprises one or more of grinding particles made of brown corundum, white corundum, steel balls, white ceramic, zirconia beads, glass beads, chrome corundum, high-frequency porcelain, resin, bamboo particles or stainless steel, and the shape of the abrasive can be one or more of regular triangle, oblique triangle, spherical, cylindrical and indefinite shape.
If the abrasive is spherical, its diameter is 0.5-10mm; if the shape is triangle, the specification is one or more of 6 x 6 mm, 8 x 8mm, 10 x 10mm and 12 x 12 mm; the diameter and height of the cylindrical shape are one or more of 6-8 mm, 6-10 mm, 6-12 mm, 7-15 mm and 8-20 mm; if the shape is an indefinite shape, the maximum diameter is 6-10 mm.
The fertilizer surface modifier is one or more of silane coupling agent, organic silicon, stearic acid, titanium pigment, kaolin, zinc white, paraffin, vegetable wax, microcrystalline wax, polyolefin wax, talcum powder, spherical silica, mica, spherical polymer resin, ferric oxide, calcium carbonate, particulate titanium pigment and transparent ferric oxide.
The fertilizer synergist comprises a solution of one or a mixture of more than one of quick-acting diethyl amine, chlorpyrimide, compound sodium nitrophenolate, brassin, indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid, relatively long time, paclobutrazol, ethephon, 6-benzyl amino purine, brassinolide, triacontanol, alginic acid, fulvic acid, humic acid, chitosan, algal polysaccharide and amino acid.
The following description and illustration will be made by taking specific fertilizer core particles as examples, wherein examples 1 to 5 are continuous modification and example 6 is batch modification:
Example 1:
firstly, 8 x 8 mm spherical brown corundum abrasive with the mass of 0.5 times of that of the fertilizer particles is fed into a coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and preheated to 65 ℃.
The modification device of the embodiment is a roller with the diameter of 3m and the length of 5m, the aperture of the fine-hole sieve is 3mm, and the aperture of the coarse-hole sieve is 5 mm; the feeding box end of the roller is lower than the discharging box end, and the included angle between the axis of the roller and the ground is 2 degrees; a spray head is arranged in the roller every 1 m; the end-most spray head is positioned in the roller at a position 2.5 m away from the fine-hole sieve; the rotating speed of the roller is 15rpm, and the time for the material to move from the feeding end to the discharging end is 20min; the intermittent blowing interval of compressed air in the roller is 20 s/time, and the blowing air consumption is 100L/h; the temperature of the hot air is 100 ℃, and the air quantity is 280 m aries/min; the temperature control device keeps the temperature of the particles in the device at 65 ℃ when the surface of the fertilizer particles is modified.
Urea particles with the particle size range of 3-5 mm are put into a coated slow-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and only the plant wax serving as a fertilizer surface modifier is selected to be added for surface modification of the fertilizer core particles, wherein the dosage is 5% of the mass of the fertilizer particles, the adding rate is 80g/s, and the pretreatment time is 20min. And finally, sieving urea particles and the abrasive, discharging, cooling, packaging and storing. Because fine materials generated in the grinding process leak out through a fine-hole sieve, the urea particles and the grinding materials are isolated by the coarse-hole sieve, and finally fertilizer particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm are obtained.
The method is adopted to prepare the fertilizer core particle surface modified urea which is pretreated for 5min, 10min, 15min and 20min and has four different treatment times, and the four samples and the common urea are subjected to particle classification, repose angle and bulk density measurement, so that different particle size classification conditions, repose angle and bulk density are respectively shown in fig. 4,5 and 6, and the electron microscope scanning pictures and common pictures of the four samples are respectively shown in fig. 8 and 9. The particle surface modified urea and the common urea after the treatment are respectively subjected to coating treatment with the coating amount of 2% and 3%, and the nutrient release rate is measured in still water at 25 ℃, and the nutrient release characteristics of the obtained coated controlled release urea are shown in figure 7.
Example 2:
Firstly, feeding a spherical white ceramic abrasive with the mass of 6 mm which is 0.5 times that of the fertilizer particles into a coated slow-release and controlled-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and preheating to 70 ℃.
The modification device of the embodiment is a roller with the diameter of 0.5m and the length of 4m, the pore diameter of the fine-pore sieve is 0.5 mm, and the pore diameter of the coarse-pore sieve is 5 mm; the feeding box end of the roller is lower than the discharging box end, and the included angle between the axis of the roller and the ground is 6 degrees; a spray head is arranged in the roller at intervals of 0.5 m; the end-most spray head is positioned in the roller at a position 0.5m away from the fine-hole sieve; the rotating speed of the roller is 20rpm, and the time for the material to move from the feeding end to the discharging end is 5min; the intermittent blowing interval of compressed air in the roller is 30 s/time, and the blowing air consumption is 130L/h; the temperature of hot air is 150 ℃ and the air quantity is 20m aries/min; the temperature control device keeps the temperature of the particles in the device at 80 ℃ when the surface of the fertilizer particles is modified.
The diammonium phosphate particles are put into a coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and the surface modification mode of the fertilizer core particles is selected to be treated without adding any synergist and modifier, wherein the pretreatment time is 5min. And finally, sieving the diammonium phosphate particles and the abrasive, discharging, cooling, packaging and storing. Because fine materials generated in the grinding process leak out through a fine-hole sieve, the coarse-hole sieve isolates the diammonium phosphate particles from the grinding materials and large-particle materials, and finally fertilizer particles with the particle size range of 0.5-5 mm are obtained.
Example 3:
Firstly, 10 x 10 mm spherical white ceramic abrasive with the mass 1 time of the mass of the fertilizer particles is fed into a coated slow-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and is preheated to 65 ℃.
The modification device of the embodiment is a roller with the diameter of 1m and the length of 10m, the aperture of the fine-hole sieve is 2 mm, and the aperture of the coarse-hole sieve is 4 mm; the feeding box end of the roller is lower than the discharging box end, and the included angle between the axis of the roller and the ground is 1 degree; a spray head is arranged in the roller at intervals of 1.2 m; the end-most spray head is positioned in the roller at a position 2.6 m away from the fine-hole sieve; the rotating speed of the roller is 5rpm, and the time for the material to move from the feeding end to the discharging end is 40min; the intermittent blowing interval of compressed air in the roller is 42 s/time, and the blowing air consumption is 80L/h; the temperature of hot air is 140 ℃, and the air quantity is 800 m aries/min; the temperature control device keeps the temperature of the particles in the device at 100 ℃ when the surface of the fertilizer particles is modified.
The potassium chloride particles are put into a coated slow-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and the fertilizer core particle surface modification mode is selected to be treated by only adding the fertilizer synergist fulvic acid, wherein the dry matter dosage is 5% of the mass of the fertilizer particles, the adding rate is 50g/s, and the pretreatment time is 40min. Finally, screening the potassium chloride and the abrasive, drying, discharging, cooling, packaging and storing. Because fine materials generated in the grinding process leak out through a fine-hole sieve, the potassium chloride particles are isolated from the grinding materials and large-particle materials by the coarse-hole sieve, and finally the fertilizer particles with the particle size range of 2-4 mm are obtained.
Example 4:
firstly, feeding 2 x 2 mm amorphous walnut shell abrasive with the mass 1.2 times of that of fertilizer particles into a coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and preheating to 45 ℃.
The modification device of the embodiment is a roller with the diameter of 2m and the length of 7m, the pore diameter of the fine-pore sieve is 3mm, and the pore diameter of the coarse-pore sieve is 6mm; the feeding box end of the roller is lower than the discharging box end, and the included angle between the axis of the roller and the ground is 1.6 degrees; a spray head is arranged in the roller at intervals of 1.8 m; the end-most spray head is positioned in the roller at a position 3.5 m away from the fine-hole sieve; the rotating speed of the roller is 9 rpm, and the time for the material to move from the feeding end to the discharging end is 43min; the intermittent blowing interval of compressed air in the roller is 10 s/time, and the blowing air consumption is 60L/h; the temperature of the hot air is 116 ℃, and the air quantity is 72 m aries/min; the temperature control device keeps the temperature of the particles in the device at 45 ℃ when the surface of the fertilizer particles is modified.
The NPK compound fertilizer particles are put into a coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and the surface modification mode of the fertilizer core particles is selected to be treated by only adding the fertilizer surface modifier kaolin, wherein the dosage is 5% of the mass of the fertilizer particles, the adding rate is 80g/s, and the pretreatment time is 43min. And finally sieving the NPK compound fertilizer particles and the abrasive, discharging, cooling, packaging and storing. Because fine materials generated in the grinding process leak out through a fine-hole sieve, NPK compound fertilizer particles are isolated from grinding materials and large-particle materials through the coarse-hole sieve, and finally fertilizer particles with the particle size of 3-6 mm are obtained.
Example 5:
firstly, feeding a cylindrical brown corundum abrasive with the mass of 6 mm and 3 times of that of the fertilizer particles into a coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and preheating to 100 ℃.
The modification device of the embodiment is a roller with the diameter of 5m and the length of 8m, the pore diameter of the fine-pore sieve is 2mm, and the pore diameter of the coarse-pore sieve is 5 mm; the feeding box end of the roller is lower than the discharging box end, and the included angle between the axis of the roller and the ground is 5 degrees; a spray head is arranged in the roller every 2 m; the end-most spray head is positioned in the roller at a position which is distant from the fine-hole sieve 5 m; the rotating speed of the roller is 5rpm, and the time for the material to move from the feeding end to the discharging end is 50min; the intermittent blowing interval of compressed air in the roller is 60 s/time, and the blowing air consumption is 170L/h; the temperature of hot air is 150 ℃, and the air quantity is 52 m aries/min; the temperature control device keeps the temperature of the particles in the device at 98 ℃ when the surface of the fertilizer particles is modified.
The potassium nitrate particles are put into a coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and fertilizer surface modifier organic silicon with the mass of 5% of the fertilizer particles and fertilizer synergist alginic acid with the mass of 0.1% of the fertilizer particles are simultaneously added for carrying out surface modification treatment on the fertilizer core particles, wherein the addition rate of the organic silicon is 10 g/s, the addition rate of the alginic acid is 10 g/s, and the pretreatment time is 50 min. Finally, sieving the potassium nitrate particles and the abrasive, drying, discharging, cooling, packaging and storing. Because the fine materials generated in the grinding process leak out through the fine pore sieve, the potassium nitrate particles are isolated from the grinding materials and the large-particle materials by the coarse pore sieve, and finally the fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-5 mm are obtained.
Example 6:
firstly, a zirconia bead abrasive with the mass of 6mm and the mass of 3 times of that of the fertilizer particles is fed into a coated slow-release and controlled-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, and is preheated to 90 ℃.
The modification device of the embodiment is a roller with the diameter of 3.6 m and the length of 5m, the pore diameter of the fine-pore sieve is 1mm, and the pore diameter of the coarse-pore sieve is 5 mm; the feeding box end of the roller is lower than the discharging box end, and the included angle between the axis of the roller and the ground is 2.5 degrees; a spray head is arranged in the roller at intervals of 0.6 m; the end-most spray head is positioned in the roller at a position 0.6 m away from the fine-hole sieve; the rotating speed of the roller is 15rpm, the intermittent blowing interval of compressed air in the roller is 20 s/time, and the blowing air consumption is 80L/h; the temperature of hot air is 150 ℃, and the air quantity is 52 m aries/min; the temperature control device keeps the temperature of the particles in the device at 98 ℃ when the surface of the fertilizer particles is modified.
The method comprises the steps of putting potassium sulfate particles into a coated slow-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device, after feeding, reversely rotating a roller, fully grinding fertilizer core particles and an abrasive at a feeding end, wherein the grinding time is 40 min, fine particles generated in the grinding process leak from a fine pore sieve, and after finishing grinding, the roller rotates positively, and pushing a material to a discharging end by using a spiral shoveling plate. And discharging, cooling, packaging and storing the fertilizer particles to finally obtain modified fertilizer particles with the particle size range of 1-5 mm.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the technical features of the present invention that are not described may be implemented by or by using the prior art, which is not described herein again; the above examples and drawings are only for illustrating the technical scheme of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device which characterized in that: the feeding box (2) is positioned at the feeding end of the roller (6), a hot air inlet pipe (13) communicated with the interior of the roller and a feeding pipe (3) extending into the roller are fixedly arranged on the feeding box (2), and a spiral shoveling plate (14) for pushing materials to move towards the discharging end is fixedly arranged in the roller;
The included angle between the axis of the roller and the horizontal direction is 1-6 degrees, and the feeding end is lower than the discharging end;
The feeding end of the roller (6) is fixedly connected with an annular fine-hole sieve (4) extending into the feeding box, and the feeding box (2) is provided with a small particle discharging hole (18) lower than the fine-hole sieve (4);
When the roller rotates positively, materials at the feeding end are piled up, the materials in the material pile are ground when rotating along with the roller, particles with different volumes are generated, layering phenomenon of large particles under the upper and small particles occurs, and in the process that the fine pore sieve rotates along with the roller, the fertilizer core particles with too small specification are screened out and flow out from the small particle discharge port, so that the homogenization degree of the fertilizer core particle specification is improved; when the roller rotates reversely, the materials are concentrated at the feeding end for grinding, particles which are too small in grinding appear in the grinding process, the small particles are positioned at the lower layer, and the fertilizer core particles with too small specification are screened out through a fine-hole screen, so that the homogenization degree of the specification of the fertilizer core particles can be improved;
The surface modification method of the coated slow-release fertilizer core particle by using the surface modification device of the coated slow-release fertilizer core particle comprises intermittent modification and continuous modification;
the continuous modification comprises the following steps:
1) Adding the abrasive into a roller, and preheating the temperature in the roller to 45-100 ℃;
2) Adding the fertilizer core particles into a roller, wherein the mass of the used abrasive is 0.5-3 times of that of the fertilizer core particles, rotating the roller to enable a spiral shoveling plate to push materials to move towards a discharge end, simultaneously introducing 100-150 ℃ hot air into the roller, keeping the surface temperature of the fertilizer core particles at 45-100 ℃ and the rotating speed of the roller at 5-20 rpm, and enabling the materials to move from the feed end to the discharge end for 5-50 min;
The batch modification comprises the following steps:
1) Adding the abrasive into a roller, and preheating the temperature in the roller to 45-100 ℃;
2) The method comprises the steps of adding fertilizer core particles into a roller, rotating the roller along the direction opposite to continuous modification, enabling the fertilizer core particles and the abrasive to grind at a feeding end, simultaneously introducing hot air at 100-150 ℃ into the roller, enabling the surface temperature of the fertilizer core particles to be kept at 45-100 ℃ and the rotating speed of the roller to be 5-20 rpm, changing the rotating direction of the roller after grinding for 5-40 min, and pushing materials to a discharging end by using a spiral shoveling plate, wherein the mass of the abrasive is 0.5-3 times of that of the fertilizer core particles.
2. The coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device according to claim 1, wherein: the feeding box (2) is provided with a screen rapping device (5) corresponding to the fine screen.
3. The coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device according to claim 1, wherein: the feeding box is also fixedly penetrated with a water adding pipe (1) extending into the roller, and a plurality of spray heads (8) axially arranged are arranged on the water adding pipe positioned in the roller.
4. The coated slow-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device according to claim 3, wherein: the device also comprises a compression air pipe (12) which is fixedly arranged and extends into the discharge end of the roller, and an air jet (10) facing the material is arranged on the compression air pipe.
5. The coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device according to claim 1, wherein: still including being located the discharging case of cylinder discharge end, the discharge end rigid coupling of cylinder has stretches to annular coarse pore sieve (9) in the discharging case, set up on the discharging case and be less than modified granule discharge gate (15) of coarse pore sieve position.
6. The coated sustained-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) adding a fertilizer surface modifier and/or a fertilizer synergist into the roller while rotating the roller, wherein the dosage of the fertilizer surface modifier is 0.1-5% of the mass of the fertilizer core particles, the adding rate is 10-80 g/s, the dosage of the fertilizer synergist is 0.1-5% of the mass of the fertilizer particles, and the adding rate is 10-50 g/s.
7. The coated slow-release fertilizer core particle surface modification device according to claim 6, wherein: the abrasive comprises one or more of abrasive particles made of brown corundum, white corundum, steel balls, white ceramic, zirconia beads, glass beads, chrome corundum, high-frequency porcelain, resin, bamboo particles or stainless steel.
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| CN109694280A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-04-30 | 五洲丰农业科技有限公司 | Film-coated controlled release fertilizer production system |
| CN111792967A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-20 | 雷增社 | Fertilizer core pretreatment device in production of coated controlled release fertilizer |
| CN112194545B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-07-05 | 嘉施利（宁陵）化肥有限公司 | Coating machine for compound fertilizer production |
| CN112624884B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2024-02-02 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Rotary drum coating fluidization drying film forming system for water-based resin coated slow release fertilizer |
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