CN109076669B - 机动车照明装置 - Google Patents

机动车照明装置 Download PDF

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CN109076669B
CN109076669B CN201780028053.6A CN201780028053A CN109076669B CN 109076669 B CN109076669 B CN 109076669B CN 201780028053 A CN201780028053 A CN 201780028053A CN 109076669 B CN109076669 B CN 109076669B
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motor vehicle
converter
lighting device
mosfet switch
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CN109076669A (zh
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C.古斯
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ZKW Group GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/48Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/005Conversion of dc power input into dc power output using Cuk converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/1557Single ended primary inductor converters [SEPIC]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/06Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state
    • H03K17/063Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state in field-effect transistor switches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60QARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/04Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种机动车照明装置,其具有半导体光源的至少一个支路(1),所述支路包括两个或更多个串联的光源单元(LED1 ... LED4),其中各个光源单元都分配有跨接所述光源单元的MOSFET开关(2‑1 ... 2‑4),所述至少一个支路由DC/DC转换器(3)相对接地的输出电压(UA)来馈电,其中每个MOSFET开关都分配有激励电路(4‑1 ... 4‑4),用于激励所述MOSFET开关,其中每个MOSFET开关(2‑1 ... 2‑4)都是p沟道MOSFET,所述DC/DC转换器(3)分配有整流电路(5),所述整流电路的输入端与转换器的蓄能电感(L2)的极连接,在所述极上,相对接地出现负的电压脉冲,而且所述整流电路(5)被构造为对负的脉冲进行整流并且将所得到的负的直流电压(US)提供给所述激励电路(4‑1 ... 4‑4),用于切换相应的MOSFET开关。

Description

机动车照明装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车照明装置,其具有半导体光源的至少一个支路,该支路包括两个或更多个串联的光源单元,其中各个光源单元都分配有跨接该光源单元的MOSFET开关,该至少一个支路由DC/DC转换器相对接地的输出电压来馈电,其中每个MOSFET开关都分配有激励电路,用于激励该MOSFET开关。
背景技术
在这种类型的机动车照明装置中、例如在头灯中,设置有多个光源单元,为了实现复杂的照明功能、如矩阵或转向灯功能,这些光源单元单独地被接通或关断或者就调光而言也周期性地被时控。大多使用LED或激光二极管作为光源,后者常常具有光转换装置。这里所使用的术语“光源单元”应该包含:各个串联和/或并联的单个光源、例如LED的组合的串联电路也应该被包括,其中这种组合形成一个光源单元。
原则上,所有常见的电路设计都基于:所要激活/停用的光源单元、例如LED借助于半导体开关来跨接,使得电流流经开关而不是流经LED。通常,MOSFET、双极型晶体管或者也包括完全集成的IC解决方案用作半导体开关。
附加地,在具体的机动车照明装置中存在如下问题:通常,在LED数目有变化以及LED支路电压随之而来的变化的情况下,只能使用如下DC/DC转换器,所述DC/DC转换器可以调节到大于和小于输入电压的电压上,例如Ćuk转换器或SEPIC转换器。
在此出现的问题在于:提供对于开关来说所需的电压值并且将所述电压值与各个开关的动态变化的开关阈适配,以便可以充分利用所有可能的LED组合的功能性。常见的解决方案有时在实现时造成高的损耗功率,或这些解决方案从功能范围起受限制或者对于特殊的应用来说关于成本和构件数目方面过于复杂。例如,对经常使用的n沟道MOSFET的激励与相对高的损耗功率相关联,而且为此常常需要电荷泵。原则上可能的具有变压器或光电耦合器的解决方案要实现得昂贵并且在汽车领域要实现得困难,这也适用于完全集成的解决方案。
从WO 2014/095173 A1得知一种用于场效应晶体管的激励电路,该场效应晶体管与LED并联。为了能够实现迅速工作的、相对干扰和电压波动灵敏的激励,设置有由自己的电压源馈电的电流镜以及用于激励信号的电平转换器。本发明所基于的在使用两个或更多个串联的LED时的问题在该文献中并没有被描述或解决。
文献US 2006/038803 A1涉及一种用于具有多个LED的支路的激励电路,其中每个LED都并联有FET开关。经过LED支路的电流通过调节来保持恒定,每个LED或被分配给该LED的FET开关却可以与微控制器分开地来激励。在该文献中并不能得知从DC/DC转换器中提供直流电压用于LED的激励电路的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于:获得对这里考虑的类型的机动车照明装置的所提到的问题的功能完全可靠却成本低的解决方案。
该任务利用开头提到的类型的机动车照明装置来解决,其中按照本发明,每个MOSFET开关都是p沟道MOSFET,DC/DC转换器分配有整流电路,该整流电路的输入端与转换器的蓄能电感的极连接,在该极上,相对接地出现负的电压脉冲,而且该整流电路被构造为对负的脉冲进行整流并且将所得到的负的直流电压提供给激励电路,用于切换相应的MOSFET。
本发明导致成本低的解决方案,该解决方案也能够实现同时跨接多个LED,这例如在集成的设计下是不可能的。此外,也可以毫无问题地激励其源极处在接地电位上的那些MOSFET。
在适宜的变型方案中规定:DC/DC转换器是Ćuk转换器或SEPIC转换器。
一个成本低的解决方案规定:整流电路包含整流二极管,用于产生直流电压。
还有利的是,该整流电路附加地具有用于直流电压的滤波装置。
也非常值得推荐的是,该整流电路具有用于直流电压的稳定装置。
在一个符合实际的实施方案中规定:每个激励电路都具有在集电极电路中运行的npn晶体管,该npn晶体管的集电极与所属的MOSFET开关的栅极连接。
在这种情况下,还适合的是有pnp前级晶体管前置于该npn晶体管。
作为整个激励的起点适宜的是:设置有微控制器,该微控制器的输出端被引导到MOSFET开关的激励电路。
附图说明
在下文,本发明连同其它优点例如依据实施方式进一步予以阐述,这些实施方式在附图中阐明。在这些附图中:
图1以简化方框电路图示出了本发明的原理结构;而
图2示出了本发明的实施方式的更多详细的进一步的细节。
具体实施方式
根据图1的方框电路图以示意性和简化的形式示出了激励按照本发明的机动车照明装置的重要元件。示出了支路1,该支路1在本例中具有四个串联的半导体光源单元LED1... LED4,其中每个光源单元都分配有跨接该光源单元的MOSFET开关2-1 ... 2-4。支路1由DC/DC转换器3相对接地的输出电压UA来馈电,其中每个MOSFET开关2-1 ... 2-4都分配有激励电路4-1 ... 4-4,用于激励该MOSFET开关。DC/DC转换器3的输入电压UE通常从机动车的车载电网得知。激励电路4-1 ... 4-4获得例如+5V的供电电压VCC。如更下面进一步示出和描述的那样,开关信号s1 ... s4被输送给激励电路4-1 ... 4-4。
优选地,使用LED或激光二极管(这些LED或激光二极管常常与光转换装置一起),作为半导体光源单元,这已经在开头提及。这里所使用的术语“光源单元”应该包含:原则上,光源单元LED1 ... LED4中的每个光源单元也可以包括各个串联和/或并联的单个光源、例如LED的组合。虽然这里在支路1中示出了四个光源单元LED1 ... LED4,但是该数目也可以是不同的而且照明装置也可包括多个这种支路。
按照本发明,每个MOSFET开关2-1 ... 2-4都是p沟道MOSFET,而DC/DC转换器3分配有整流电路5,该整流电路5的输入端与还要进一步描述的转换器的蓄能电感L2的极连接,在该极上,相对接地出现负的电压脉冲。整流电路5被构造为:对负的脉冲进行整流并且将所得到的负的直流电压US作为开关电压提供给激励电路,用于切换相应的MOSFET 2-1... 2-4。每个MOSFET开关2-1 ... 2-4都应该将经过相应的光源单元LED1 ... LED4的电流跨接并且因此可以将这些光源单元关断,或可以以脉冲宽度调制的方式在这些光源单元的亮度方面对它们进行调光。
有利地,DC/DC转换器3不仅可以将输出电压UA设置得比输入电压UE高而且可以将输出电压UA设置得比输入电压UE低,其中对输出电压UA进行调节,使得光源单元LED1 ...LED4在所希望的供电电流IG的必需的工作点下运行。例如,从本领域技术人员公知的转换器中考虑SEPIC转换器或Ćuk转换器,其中由于拓扑结构而在蓄能扼流圈上形成负电压,该负电压对于实现本发明来说是重要的。Ćuk转换器也可以与变压器绝缘地来构造。
图2示出了按照本发明的激励的详细的实施方案。DC/DC转换器3这里被构造为SEPIC转换器,公知地,该SEPIC转换器拥有三个蓄能器,即两个电感L1、L2和一个电容器C1。电感可以布置在共同的线圈体上。被充电到输入电压UE的电容器C1将其能量在其中半导体开关T1关断的相内转充电到电感L2上。在此,在该相内沿截止方向工作的二极管D1与电容器C1或电感L2之间,形成负电压,该负电压被输送给整流电路5。
在输入侧,整流电路5具有二极管-电容器网络D2、C3,以便对该负电压进行截取和整流。二极管D2防止:接下来的电容器C3可以在二极管D1的导通运行下充电到正电压并且因而作为整流二极管来起作用。在输出侧,齐纳二极管D3用于稳压,其中超过该齐纳二极管D3的击穿电压的那个电压被排出。电阻R1和R2用于限流。在整流电路5的输出端的电容器C4提高了稳定效果并且降低了余波。可以将借此与齐纳二极管D3的击穿电压有关的输出电压US作为开关电压提供给激励电路4-1 ... 4-4,用于切换MOSFET开关2-1 ... 2-4。
这些激励电路4-1 ... 4-4中的每个激励电路,如这里对于激励电路4-1来说所示出的那样,例如由在具有前置的晶体管T2的集电极电路中的npn晶体管T3组成,该晶体管T2作为前级晶体管由微控制器6来控制,以便使晶体管T3的基极在正电压与由整流电路5提供的负电压US之间进行切换。晶体管T3的集电极是激励电路4-1的输出端并且因此处在所属的MOSFET开关2-1的栅极上。
在当前情况下,正电压应是从供电电压VCC、例如+5V减去在R3和T2上的电压降而最终得到的电压,而负电压US应为-5V。如果微控制器6切换到逻辑“高(High)”(5V),则晶体管T2截止,而晶体管T3的基极电压在电阻R5上为-5V。MOSFET开关2-1未被激活,因为没有通过电流而且因此在电阻R4上没有电压降。而如果微控制器将晶体管T2的基极电压切换到逻辑“低(Low)”(0V),则在具有电阻R6的支路中,有恒定的电流流过,而且与此相应地,有恒定的电压降落在电阻R4上,该恒定的电压在晶体管T3的集电极上并且借此在p沟道MOSFET开关2-1的栅极输入端上具有比在该p沟道MOSFET开关2-1的源极上更低的电位。在这种情况下,MOSFET开关2-1闭合并且将光源单元LED1跨接。
在当前的情况下,在整流电路5中借助于齐纳二极管D3来稳定电压US,不过应该清楚的是,这不能被视为对本发明进行限制。更确切地说,例如也可以借助于线性稳压器、例如在使用运算放大器的情况下进行稳压。
如已经勾画出的那样,也不强制必需将半导体光源单元LED1-LED4都布置在唯一的支路中。这些半导体光源单元例如也可能会分成两个支路。微控制器6的输出端也可以同时对激励电路4-1 ... 4-4中的两个或更多个激励电路进行激励。当然,半导体光源单元的数目能任意地来选择并且并不限于四个,如在本例中示出的那样。
对于本发明来说重要的是,截取DC/DC转换器3上的负电压,以便从中获得稳定的负电压,该负电压能被用于激励MOSFET开关2-1 ... 2-4。所示出的用于提供负电压以及用于稳定负电压的元件只是示例性的实施方案,该实施方案在当前示出的示例中无论如何都是成本低并且同时高效的解决方案,而且因此结合所描述的本发明具有特别的优点。
对补充的开关元件的选择也取决于进行实施的本领域技术人员,其中例如进一步的滤波元件和保护元件都是可能的,然而为了清楚起见而未示出。

Claims (9)

1.一种机动车照明装置,其具有半导体光源的至少一个支路(1),所述支路包括两个或更多个串联的光源单元(LED1 ... LED4),其中各个光源单元都分配有跨接所述光源单元的MOSFET开关(2-1 ... 2-4),所述至少一个支路由DC/DC转换器(3)相对接地的输出电压(UA)来馈电,其中每个MOSFET开关都分配有激励电路(4-1 ... 4-4),用于激励所述MOSFET开关,
其特征在于,
每个MOSFET开关(2-1 ... 2-4)都是p沟道MOSFET,
所述DC/DC转换器(3)分配有整流电路(5),所述整流电路的输入端与转换器的蓄能电感(L2)的极连接,在所述极上,相对接地出现负的电压脉冲,而且
所述整流电路(5)被构造为对负的脉冲进行整流并且将所得到的负的直流电压(US)提供给所述激励电路(4-1 ... 4-4),用于切换相应的MOSFET开关。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机动车照明装置,其特征在于,所述DC/DC转换器(3)是Ćuk转换器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的机动车照明装置,其特征在于,所述DC/DC转换器(3)是SEPIC转换器。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的机动车照明装置,其特征在于,所述整流电路(5)包含整流二极管(D2),用于产生直流电压(US)。
5.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的机动车照明装置,其特征在于,所述整流电路(5)附加地具有用于所述直流电压(US)的滤波装置(C3、C4)。
6.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的机动车照明装置,其特征在于,所述整流电路(5)具有用于所述直流电压(US)的稳定装置(D3)。
7.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的机动车照明装置,其特征在于,每个激励电路(4-1... 4-4)都具有在集电极电路中运行的npn晶体管(T3),所述npn晶体管的集电极与所属的MOSFET开关(2-1)的栅极连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的机动车照明装置,其特征在于,pnp前级晶体管(T2)前置于所述npn晶体管(T3)。
9.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的机动车照明装置,其特征在于,设置有微控制器(6),所述微控制器的输出端被引导到用于所述MOSFET开关(2-1 ... 2-4)的激励电路(4-1 ...4-4)。
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