CN109070738A - 车辆驱动系统 - Google Patents

车辆驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN109070738A
CN109070738A CN201780023485.8A CN201780023485A CN109070738A CN 109070738 A CN109070738 A CN 109070738A CN 201780023485 A CN201780023485 A CN 201780023485A CN 109070738 A CN109070738 A CN 109070738A
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differential casing
motor
drive system
vehicle drive
mode
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CN109070738B (zh
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K·尼尔森
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Berg Warner Sweden
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/08—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/08—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • B60K23/0808—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/80—Control of differentials
    • B60Y2300/82—Torque vectoring

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Mounting Of Devices That Control Transmission Of Motive Force (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种用于车辆的车辆驱动系统。所述系统包括差速器和电动机，所述差速器具有能够通过小齿轮连接到发动机的差速器壳体以及能够与相应的轮轴相连接的两个输出轴，电动机选择性地连接到所述差速器壳体。所述差速器壳体延伸到空心轴中，该空心轴包括径向突起，该径向突起设置有诸如花键的用于与变速套筒相连接的接合装置，其中，所述变速套筒构造成被致动以使所述电动机连接到所述差速器壳体。

Description

车辆驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的车辆驱动系统。更具体地，本发明涉及一种车辆驱动系统，其可以适用于选择性地将电动机连接到差速器的输入端。
背景技术
目前的乘用车的电力系统基于12V。由于用于高电功率装置(例如电动推进单元)所提出的相对较低电压的方案会导致大电流，由此导致高损耗和电缆尺寸增加。
近年来，有一种趋势是在现有的12V系统中增加48V电力系统。随着电力系统的增加，可能适用新的和改进的方案，而取代以前需要额外的大功率电子设备的方案。
一个这样的例子是混合动力技术，也就是将电驱动器添加到现有的内燃机驱动器的技术，允许车辆通过电力、内燃机驱动，或者由两者驱动。本申请人先前已经提出了几种用于混合驱动的方案，例如WO2010101506或者WO2012066035中所述。这些系统包括用于推进目的的大功率电动机，以及用于扭矩矢量控制目的的较小的电动机。如果48V可用，则可能用以开发用于选择性地全轮驱动车辆的车辆驱动系统，其仅使用单个电动机以及配置成选择性地接收来自该电动机的扭矩的差速器，允许可选择的电动全轮驱动。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种车辆驱动系统，以克服现有技术的系统的缺点。特别地，本发明的构思是提供一种车辆驱动系统，其能够选择性地将电动机连接到差速器的输入端，以便获得混合动力驱动或者扭矩矢量控制。
根据第一方面，提供了一种车辆驱动系统。所述系统包括差速器和电动机，所述差速器具有能够通过小齿轮连接到发动机的差速器壳体以及能够与相应的轮轴相连接的两个输出轴，所述电动机选择性地连接到所述差速器壳体。所述差速器壳体延伸到空心轴中，该空心轴包括径向突起，该径向突起设置有诸如花键的用于与变速套筒相连接的接合装置，其中，所述变速套筒构造成被致动以使所述电动机连接到所述差速器壳体。
所述差速器壳体包括外传动装置和内传动装置，所述外传动装置构造成与所述小齿轮啮合，所述内传动装置与所述输出轴相连接，其中，所述变速套筒构造成被致动以使所述内传动装置连接到所述外传动装置。
在一种实施方式中，所述内传动装置形成具有所述径向突起的所述空心轴。
所述变速套筒可以配置为按照下列模式中的任何一种模式进行定位：i)第一模式，在该第一模式中，所述变速套筒使所述电动机连接到所述差速器壳体的所述内传动装置；ii)第二模式，在该第二模式中，所述变速套筒与所述电动机和所述差速器壳体的所述内传动装置断开；iii)第三模式，在该第三模式中，所述变速套筒使所述差速器壳体的所述外传动装置连接到所述电动机，同时与所述差速器壳体的所述内传动装置断开；以及iv)第四模式，在该第四模式中，所述变速套筒使所述差速器壳体的所述外传动装置连接到所述电动机和所述差速器壳体的所述内传动装置。
在一种实施方式中，所述电动机通过减速传动装置选择性地连接到所述差速器壳体。
所述减速传动装置可以包括齿轮系，所述齿轮系包括最后齿轮，该最后齿轮布置成同轴地围绕所述差速器壳体的所述空心轴，所述最后齿轮包括用于与所述变速套筒相连接的装置。
在一种实施方式中，所述电动机径向地布置在所述空心轴的外部。
所述电动机能够通过行星传动装置连接到所述差速器壳体。另外，所述行星传动装置可以包括第一输出轴和第二输出轴，所述第一输出轴连接到所述差速器壳体，所述第二输出轴连接到所述差速器的一个所述输出轴。
所述行星传动装置的所述输出轴可以由相应的行星架形成，并且其中，各个所述行星架与公共环形轮啮合。
在一种实施方式中，所述差速器壳体还包括分离式离合器，所述分离式离合器构造成选择性地使所述差速器壳体的所述外传动装置连接到所述差速器壳体的所述内传动装置。
所述车辆驱动系统还包括盘联接器，该盘联接器布置在所述小齿轮的输入侧上，用以使驱动扭矩传递到所述小齿轮。
附图说明
以下将参考附图进一步详细描述本发明，其中：
图1是根据一种实施方式的车辆驱动系统的示意性剖视图；
图2是根据一种实施方式的车辆驱动系统的示意性剖视图；
图3a是根据车辆驱动系统的一种实施方式的以第一模式定位的变速套筒的示意性剖视图；
图3b是根据车辆驱动系统的一种实施方式的以第二模式定位的变速套筒的示意性剖视图；
图3c是根据车辆驱动系统的一种实施方式的以第三模式定位的变速套筒的示意性剖视图；
图3d是根据车辆驱动系统的一种实施方式的以第四模式定位的变速套筒的示意性剖视图；
图4是根据一种实施方式的车辆驱动系统的示意性剖视图；
图5是根据一种实施方式的车辆驱动系统的示意性剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，示出了用于车辆的车辆驱动系统。车辆驱动系统构造成用在车辆的前轴或者后轴上，以允许用于选择性地混合驱动或者相关轴的扭矩矢量控制。因此，车辆可以是前轮驱动车辆、后轮驱动车辆或者全轮驱动车辆。例如，图1中所示的系统可以是安装在前轮驱动车辆的前轴上，并且包括通过小齿轮13连接到发动机的差速器10。差速器10接收来自小齿轮13的输入扭矩，并且具有用于驱动前轮的两个输出轴12。差速器10包括差速器壳体11，差速器壳体11适于将扭矩传递到输出轴12。如图1中可见，差速器壳体11延伸到空心轴32中，空心轴32围绕一个输出轴12的一部分。空心轴32设置有径向突起42，其轴向地定位成从差速器10的传动装置位移。径向突起42可以设置有接合装置，例如花键，用于使空心轴32连接到电动机31。可以通过变速套筒41实现该连接，变速套筒41可以被致动以沿着空心轴32轴向移动，以便与设置在径向突起42上的接合装置相连接。在连接变速套筒41和径向突起42的过程中，电动机31连接到差速器壳体11，因此使得扭矩从电动机31传递到差速器壳体11，从而实现车辆的电动驱动。
为此目的，电动机31与前轴径向偏置地定位，并且连接到由齿轮系形成的减速传动装置51。齿轮系51包括最后齿轮52，该最后齿轮52与差速器10的输出轴12同轴布置，并且通过例如花键或者类似结构与变速套筒41相连接。因此，当电动机31运行时，变速套筒41将以由电动机31的速度和减速传动装置51的齿轮比确定的速度进行旋转。
通过操纵变速套筒41，来自电动机31的扭矩可以选择性地传递到差速器壳体11。在没有扭矩从发动机传递到小齿轮13的情况下，这使得轴仅由电动机31驱动，也就是电动驱动。另一方面，当所述小齿轮13实际上将扭矩传递到差速器10以便提供机械全轮驱动时，电动机31将向前轴增加额外的驱动扭矩。
因此，通过实现电动驱动而不再需要数个昂贵并且占用空间的组件，图1的车辆驱动系统允许选择性地传递用于支持传统驱动系统的扭矩，该驱动系统可以是前轮驱动系统、后轮驱动系统或者全轮驱动系统。
在图2中示出了车辆驱动系统的另一种实施方式，其中差速器壳体11还包括外传动装置21，外传动装置21与小齿轮13驱动连接，并且外传动装置21可选择地与空心轴32相连接，形成与输出轴12的驱动连接。因此，外传动装置21构造成与小齿轮13啮合，并构造成选择性地与内传动装置22相连接，内传动装置22形成连接到输出轴12的空心轴32。内传动装置22和外传动装置21可以通过变速套筒41被致动而相互连接。如图2所示，形成空心轴32的内传动装置22设置有径向突起42。
内传动装置22和外传动装置21与径向突起42组合，允许取决于变速套筒41的位置的不同的扭矩传递模式。这在图3a至图3d中进一步示出。
图3a示出了第一模式，其中变速套筒41定位成通过最后齿轮52使电动机31连接到差速器壳体11的内传动装置22，因此有效地仅将扭矩从电动机31传递到输出轴12，也就是实现电动驱动。在该模式中，内传动装置22与由小齿轮13驱动的外传动装置21断开。
第二模式如图3b所示，其中变速套筒41与电动机31以及差速器壳体11的内传动装置22断开。因此，第二模式可以描述为断开模式，没有扭矩从电动机31和小齿轮13传递。
图3c示出了第三模式，其中变速套筒41使差速器壳体11的外传动装置21连接到电动机31，同时使差速器壳体11的内传动装置22与外传动装置21以及电动机31断开。在该模式中，可以控制电动机31，使得小齿轮13的旋转速度加速，以用于同步目的。
第四模式如图3d所示，其中变速套筒41使差速器壳体11的外传动装置21连接到电动机31以及差速器壳体11的内传动装置22上。因此，第四模式允许电动机31和小齿轮13两者通过外传动装置21将扭矩传递到输出轴12。这使得在传统的驱动模式中增加了从电动机31传递的扭矩。
图4中还描绘了车辆驱动系统的又一种实施方式。在该实施方式中，如先前参考图1至图2所描述的，电动机31通过减速传动装置51选择性地连接到差速器壳体11。来自电动机31的扭矩添加到轴上，或者通过将电动机连接到差速器输入端以及通过行星传动装置连接到两个一个输出轴而用于扭矩矢量控制。
电动机31以两种可选择的方式连接到差速器壳体11。在第一模式中，变速套筒41在图4中轴向地向左移动，从而使减速传动装置51的最后齿轮52与差速器壳体11的内传动装置22相连接，该连接直接通过径向突起42来实现或者通过凭借下面将进一步描述的分离式离合器142连接到内传动装置22的外传动装置21来实现。
在第二模式中，变速套筒41在图4中轴向地向右移动，从而使减速传动装置51的最后齿轮52与行星传动装置53相连接。行星传动装置53通过太阳轮接收来自最后齿轮52的输入，太阳轮与行星架啮合形成连接到差速器壳体11的第一输出轴94。行星传动装置53还包括连接到差速器10的一个输出轴12的第二输出轴95。第二输出轴95由第二行星架形成，其中公共环形轮93与形成行星传动装置53的输出轴(第一输出轴94和第二输出轴95)的相应行星架92啮合。如图4所示，与形成第二输出轴95的行星架92啮合的太阳轮是静止的。在该模式中，来自电动机31的驱动扭矩将传递到差动器输入端11，以及传递到一个输出轴12，从而提供扭矩矢量控制。
如前所述，车辆驱动系统还可以包括分离式离合器142。分离式离合器142构造成选择性地将使差速器壳体11的外传动装置21连接到差速器壳体11的内传动装置22上。分离式离合器142因此能够选择性地使外传动装置21连接到内传动装置22和输出轴12。因此，通过连接分离式离合器142并且通过使电动机31与差速器10断开，得以提供机械式全轮驱动。
根据图4所示的上述实施方式，组合了分离式离合器142的变速套筒41可以配置成以下面提到的任何模式进行定位。这些模式需要为全轮驱动车辆提供车辆驱动系统，然而如上所述，所述车辆驱动系统也可以布置在前轮驱动车辆或者后轮驱动车辆上，用以提供相应的功能。
在第一模式中，分离式离合器142没有使外传动装置21连接到内传动装置22，而变速套筒41连接到减速传动装置51的最后齿轮52和外传动装置21。这样就凭借电动机31加速小齿轮13而允许小齿轮13同步。
在第二模式中，分离式离合器142没有使外传动装置21连接到内传动装置22，而变速套筒41使最后齿轮52连接到行星传动装置53。这样就允许通过控制电动机31来实现扭矩矢量控制模式。
在第三模式中，分离式离合器142连接外传动装置21和内传动装置22，而变速套筒41连接减速传动装置51的最后齿轮52与行星传动装置53。这样就允许机械全轮驱动与扭矩矢量控制相结合。
在第四模式中，分离式离合器142连接外传动装置21和内传动装置22，而变速套筒41使减速传动装置51的最后齿轮52直接连接到差速器壳体11的内传动装置22上。这样就允许机械全轮驱动与电动全轮驱动相结合。
在第五模式中，分离式离合器142断开，而电动机31通过内传动装置22驱动差速器壳体11。这样就允许纯电动全轮驱动。
在第六模式中，分离式离合器142断开，而电动机31与行星传动装置52以及差速器壳体11的内传动装置22断开。因此，该模式对应于空档模式，其中车辆在两轮驱动模式下运行。
由于可以用于车辆驱动系统的空间通常很少，因此电动机31可径向布置在空心轴32的外部，以节省空间。
图5公开了一种实施方式，其中车辆驱动系统还包括盘联接器122，盘联接器122布置在小齿轮13的输入侧上。所述盘联接器122用于使驱动扭矩传递到小齿轮13。通过致动盘联接器122，实现了整个差速器11相对于小齿轮13的连接，从而提供了车辆的机械四轮驱动。
在该实施方式中，电动机31通过最后齿轮52和可轴向移动的变速套筒41选择性地连接到差速器壳体。因此，图5中所示的实施方式与图1中所示的实施方式相同，除了提供有盘联接器122。
尽管以上已经参考特定实施方式描述了本发明，但是并不意图将本发明限制于这里阐述的特定形式。相反，本发明仅受所附权利要求的限制。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于车辆的车辆驱动系统，所述系统包括差速器(10)和电动机(31)，所述差速器(10)具有差速器壳体(11)和两个输出轴(12)，所述差速器壳体(11)能够通过小齿轮(13)连接到发动机，两个所述输出轴(12)能够与相应的轮轴相连接，所述电动机(31)选择性地连接到所述差速器壳体(11)，其中
所述差速器壳体(11)延伸到空心轴(32)中，该空心轴(32)具有径向突起(42)，该径向突起(42)设置有诸如花键的用于与变速套筒(41)相连接的接合装置，其中，所述变速套筒(41)构造成被致动以使所述电动机(31)连接到所述差速器壳体(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆驱动系统，其中，所述差速器壳体(11)包括外传动装置(21)和内传动装置(22)，所述外传动装置(21)构造成与所述小齿轮(13)啮合，所述内传动装置(22)与所述输出轴(12)相连接，其中，所述变速套筒(41)构造成被致动以使所述内传动装置(22)连接到所述外传动装置(21)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统，其中，所述内传动装置(22)形成具有所述径向突起(42)的所述空心轴(32)。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的车辆驱动系统，其中，所述变速套筒(41)配置为按照下列模式中的任何一种模式进行定位：i)第一模式，在该第一模式中，所述变速套筒(41)使所述电动机(31)连接到所述差速器壳体(11)的所述内传动装置(22)；ii)第二模式，在该第二模式中，所述变速套筒(41)与所述电动机(31)和所述差速器壳体(11)的所述内传动装置(22)断开；iii)第三模式，在该第三模式中，所述变速套筒(41)使所述差速器壳体(11)的所述外传动装置(21)连接到所述电动机(31)，同时使所述外传动装置(21)与所述差速器壳体(11)的所述内传动装置(22)断开；以及iv)第四模式，在该第四模式中，所述变速套筒(41)使所述差速器壳体(11)的所述外传动装置(21)连接到所述电动机(31)和所述差速器壳体(11)的所述内传动装置(22)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆驱动系统，其中，所述电动机(31)通过减速传动装置(51)选择性地连接到所述差速器壳体(11)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆驱动系统，其中，所述减速传动装置(51)包括齿轮系，所述齿轮系具有最后齿轮(52)，该最后齿轮(52)布置成同轴地围绕所述差速器壳体(11)的所述空心轴(32)，所述最后齿轮(52)具有用于与所述变速套筒(41)相连接的装置。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆驱动系统，其中，所述电动机(31)径向地布置在所述空心轴(32)的外部。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆驱动系统，其中，所述电动机(31)能够通过行星传动装置(53)连接到所述差速器壳体(11)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车辆驱动系统，其中，所述行星传动装置(53)具有第一输出轴(94)和第二输出轴(95)，所述第一输出轴(94)连接到所述差速器壳体(11)，所述第二输出轴(95)连接到所述差速器(10)的一个所述输出轴(12)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的车辆驱动系统，其中，所述行星传动装置(53)的输出轴(94，95)由相应的行星架(92)形成，并且其中，各个所述行星架(92)与公共环形轮(93)啮合。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆驱动系统，其中，所述差速器壳体(11)还包括分离式离合器(142)，所述分离式离合器(142)构造成选择性地使所述差速器壳体(11)的所述外传动装置(21)连接到所述差速器壳体(11)的所述内传动装置(22)。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆驱动系统，该车辆驱动系统还包括盘联接器(122)，该盘联接器(122)布置在所述小齿轮(13)的输入侧上，用以使驱动扭矩传递到所述小齿轮(13)。
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EP3442820A2 (en) 2019-02-20
WO2017178595A3 (en) 2018-05-24
CN109070738B (zh) 2022-07-01
KR20180136478A (ko) 2018-12-24
WO2017178595A2 (en) 2017-10-19

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