CN109068286B

CN109068286B - Information analysis method, medium and equipment

Info

Publication number: CN109068286B
Application number: CN201810547226.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鲁佳丰; 肖社庆; 胡晓丰; 郭飞
Original assignee: Shanghai Shangxiang Network Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Shangxiang Network Technology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2018-05-31
Filing date: 2018-05-31
Publication date: 2021-08-13
Anticipated expiration: 2038-05-31
Also published as: CN109068286A

Abstract

After a short message carrying flow information is obtained, templating the short message (templating can be realized by deleting characters which are not used for describing the flow information carried by the short message in the short message and replacing flow values in the short message with placeholders), then determining a template matched with the processed short message from a template library, and determining an analysis result of the short message according to the configured flow value type corresponding to each placeholder in the template.

Description

Information analysis method, medium and equipment

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of information technologies, and in particular, to a method, medium, and device for information parsing.

Background

Currently, mobile data traffic packages provided by large telecommunication operators have limitations on data traffic. For example, the traffic package provides available traffic for a month, and when the usage traffic exceeds the month, measures such as limiting internet access, limiting internet speed, or increasing the charging amount of unit traffic are taken.

In the prior art, a user can determine the service condition of a flow package according to a received flow short message by sending a query short message, so that the condition that the service flow exceeds the package range is avoided. Alternatively, information of the flow package may be input in the application program, and the usage of the flow package may be monitored by the application.

The application provides a new information analysis method for monitoring the service condition of a flow package.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the specification provides an information analysis method, medium and device.

The embodiment of the specification adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for information parsing, comprising:

acquiring a short message carrying flow information;

deleting characters which are not used for describing flow information in the short message, and replacing the flow value in the short message with a placeholder;

matching the processed short message with a template in a template library, and determining a template matched with the processed short message;

and determining an analysis result corresponding to the flow information carried by the short message according to the type of the flow value corresponding to each placeholder in the matched template and the flow value in the short message.

A computer readable medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon which are executable by a processor to implement the foregoing method.

An apparatus for information parsing, wherein the apparatus comprises: one or more processors; and a memory storing computer readable instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform operations of the method as previously described.

The embodiment of the specification adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects:

by the method, the medium and the equipment provided by the specification, after the short message carrying the traffic information is obtained, the short message is templated (characters which are not used for describing the traffic information carried by the short message in the short message can be deleted, and traffic values in the short message are replaced by placeholders), then a template matched with the processed short message is determined from a template library, and an analysis result of the short message is determined according to the configured traffic value type corresponding to each placeholder in the template. The method and the device avoid the operation that the flow service condition needs to be manually identified or manually input in the prior art, and can directly analyze the information by acquiring the short message carrying the flow information, thereby simplifying the operation and improving the efficiency.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a process for information parsing as provided herein;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for information parsing according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an information analysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, the technical solutions of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step based on the embodiments in the description belong to the protection scope of the present application.

The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of information parsing provided in some embodiments of the present application, which may specifically include the following steps:

s100: and acquiring the short message carrying the flow information.

At present, one of the methods for querying the service condition of a mobile data traffic package is to send a query short message to a telecom operator, so that the telecom operator returns a short message carrying traffic information. The traffic information includes the service condition of the mobile data traffic package of the mobile phone number sending the query short message.

In some embodiments provided by the application, what needs to be analyzed in the information analysis process is a short message carrying traffic information to determine the service condition of the mobile data traffic package. Specifically, a client installed on the mobile terminal may send a short message carrying traffic information received by the mobile terminal to the server, and the server executes the information analysis process. Or, the information analysis may also be performed locally at the mobile terminal, and the process of the information analysis may be specifically executed by a client or a specified application in the mobile terminal.

The mobile terminal may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, or other devices, which is not limited in this application. The client is an Application installed in the mobile terminal, and may determine the short message received by the mobile terminal through an Application Programming Interface (API) reserved in an operating system of the mobile terminal. Of course, how the client determines that the short message carries the traffic information specifically has various mature methods in the prior art, so the present application is not limited to this.

For convenience of description, in some embodiments subsequent to this application, a server obtains the short message carrying the traffic information through a client, and performs an information parsing process.

S102: and deleting characters which are not used for describing flow information in the short message, and replacing the flow value in the short message with a placeholder.

With the continuous refinement and development of the existing mobile data traffic packages, a user may use multiple traffic packages at the same time, so that the short message received in step S100 may include traffic usage of multiple packages. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present application, in order to facilitate the server to determine the meaning corresponding to each traffic value included in the short message, the template processing may be performed on the short message after the short message is acquired, and then the subsequent steps are performed.

Specifically, since not all characters are usually used for describing the traffic information in the short message containing the traffic information, the server may remove the characters in the short message that are not related to describing the traffic information. In addition, as the user traffic usage is changed in real time and has no direct relation with the template, the server can also replace the numerical value and the unit of the traffic value in the short message with a placeholder.

In the application, the server can delete the characters in the short message according to a preset regular expression. Because the characters which are not used for describing the traffic information carried by the short message are invalid information, the regular expression can be determined by matching the characters belonging to the invalid information and specifically by screening the existing short message carrying the traffic information.

For example, a character belonging to invalid information in a short message can be manually confirmed, and a certain short message is assumed to be "you are! The last month is converted to the current month: the domestic general flow is 9.81GB in the first month. "then, the matching rule for the regular expression can be set to match" hello! "," last month changes to this month: if the regular expression is matched with the flow rate of the current month, the server can delete the characters matched with the regular expression to obtain the' domestic general flow rate of 9.81 GB. ". Of course, the server may also determine the characters belonging to the invalid information that need to be deleted by analyzing the sentence structure of the existing short message, and determine the regular expression, and the specification does not limit how to determine the regular expression specifically.

In the application, when the server performs templating on the short message, the numerical value and the unit of the flow value in the short message can be replaced by the placeholder. The replacing process can also be completed through the regular expression, a numerical value used for expressing the storage capacity in the short message is determined, and the numerical value and a unit of the numerical value are replaced by a preset placeholder. Certainly, replacing numerical values and units in a text by placeholders is a mature method, so that the description is not repeated, and the server is not limited to replace flow values by placeholders by other methods.

Further, when the server replaces the traffic values with the placeholders, the server may sequentially replace the traffic values with the placeholders of different marks according to the sequence of the traffic values in the text of the short message and the preset mark sequence of the placeholders. For example, suppose the tag ordering of placeholder is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 … …, and the text of short message is: "carry forward domestic general flow 9.81 GB. The domestic general flow is left at 18.11GB, the local idle flow is left at 0MB, and the domestic flow is left at 7.00 GB. Mobile data traffic of 3.75GB has been used, with 25.11GB remaining. "then the server will get the text of the short message after the replacement: "carry forward domestic general traffic {1 }. Domestic general flow remains {2}, local idle time flow remains {3}, and domestic flow remains {4 }. The total used mobile data traffic 5 and the traffic remaining 6. Of course, the tag ordering of the placeholders may be, besides numerical order, also the order of english letters, or other preset tag orders, which is not limited in the present application.

Furthermore, since the server needs to replace each traffic value in the short message when analyzing the traffic information in the short message in the following, the server can store the corresponding relationship between each traffic value and the placeholder. Continuing with the above example, the server may store the correspondence as in table 1.

Placeholder	Flow rate value
		1	9.81GB
2	18.11GB
		3	0MB
4	7.00GB
		5	3.75GB
6	25.11GB

TABLE 1

S104: and matching the processed short message with templates in a template library, and determining the template matched with the processed short message.

In some embodiments of the present application, a template library of pre-configured templates may be stored in the server. And, for each template, the template contains characters describing the flow value, and a placeholder. And the placeholders in the template are also configured according to the mark ordering of the preset placeholders in step S102. Additionally, because the templates are pre-configured, the type of corresponding flow value may be set by the staff member for each placeholder.

For example, assume a template is "national general traffic 1". The domestic general flow rate is left {2}, the local idle time flow rate is left {3}, and the corresponding short message is' you good! The last month is converted to the current month: and the universal flow {1} in China is converted in the previous month. And e minutes until b month, c day and d day of a year, wherein various types of flow in the month are left: if the domestic general flow is left at {2}, and the local idle flow is left at {3} ", the type of the flow value corresponding to the placeholder {1} in the template can be determined to be a carry-over manually according to the short message text, the type of the flow value corresponding to the placeholder {2} is general residual, and the type of the flow value corresponding to the placeholder {3} is idle residual. Of course, since the template may be added to the template library after being reviewed by the staff, the application does not limit the type corresponding to the placeholder in the template.

It should be noted that, the templates in the template library may be generated by the short message of the actual telecom operator, and certainly, the process of specifically determining the templates may be consistent with the process of templating the short message in step S102. Moreover, since the templates in the template library are generated according to the actual short messages, if the format of the short message processed in step S102 is the same as the text format or text format of the short message for generating a certain template, the templated result is the same.

In the present application, the server may match the processed short message (i.e., the templated short message) with the templates in the template library, and determine the template matching the processed short message.

S106: and determining an analysis result corresponding to the flow information carried by the short message according to the type of the flow value corresponding to each placeholder in the matched template and the flow value in the short message.

In some embodiments of the present application, after the server determines the matched template, an analysis result may be determined according to the type of the flow value corresponding to each placeholder in the template and the flow value replaced by the placeholder in the short message.

Specifically, the server may determine the type of each flow value in the short message according to the replacement relationship between the flow value and the placeholder when the replacement operation is performed in step S102, and the type of the flow value corresponding to each placeholder in the matched template. Then, for each type, the sum of the flow values corresponding to the type is determined. And finally, taking the sum of the flow values respectively corresponding to each type as an analysis result.

In addition, in some embodiments of the present application, the type of traffic value to be resolved is a general type of traffic value, so the server may only determine that the type is: the sum of flow values respectively corresponding to the three types of general total amount, general use amount and general surplus.

For example, it is assumed that the corresponding relationship between the placeholder in the matched template and the type of the flow value is table 2, and the alternative relationship in the short message is table 3.

Placeholder	Type of flow value
		1	General usage amount
2	Amount of use in idle time
		3	General residual amount
4	Application specific usage of Y
		5	Amount of exclusive use of Y application
6	Remaining amount of idle time
		7	Total amount of general
8	Amount of Z meals
		9	Amount of remaining Z of meal

TABLE 2

Placeholder	Flow rate value
		1	10GB
2	500MB
		3	20GB
4	1GB
		5	1GB
6	0MB
		7	30GB
8	2.5GB
		9	0.5GB

TABLE 3

The server may determine, according to the correspondence recorded in the two tables, that the common usage amount in the type of the flow value is 10GB, the common remaining amount in the type of the flow value is 20GB, and the common total amount in the type of the flow value is 30GB, as an analysis result.

Based on the information analysis process described in fig. 1, the server may obtain the short message carrying the traffic information through the client, and then template the short message according to the preset regular expression and the replacement rule of the placeholder, and match the short message with each template in the template library, thereby determining the type of the traffic value replaced by the placeholder in the short message according to the type of the traffic value corresponding to each placeholder in the preset template, and thus determining the analysis result. Because the template is formed by: the short message is templated and the type of the flow value corresponding to the placeholder is set to be generated, so that when the short message is analyzed, the analysis result can be determined only by repeating the templating process and determining the matched template, the defect that the prior art needs to operate is overcome, and the efficiency of analyzing the flow information is improved.

In addition, in some embodiments of the present application, when the server determines that there is no template matching the processed short message, it may determine that the parsing fails. Then, the server can further determine the type of the flow value corresponding to each placeholder in the processed short message, that is, generate a template according to the processed short message, and add the newly generated template to the template library. Specifically, the type of the flow value corresponding to each placeholder in the processed short message may be determined by a worker, or the server determines a keyword corresponding to each placeholder according to a preset keyword library, determines the type of the flow value corresponding to each placeholder according to a corresponding relationship between the keyword and the type of the flow value, generates a template, and adds the template to the template library.

Further, in some embodiments of the present application, in step S102, the server may also use a sentence component analysis method to analyze each sentence in the short message, determine a structural component of each word in the sentence, and delete the words that are not used for describing the traffic information (i.e., the word characters or character strings that are not used for describing the traffic information) according to the structural component corresponding to the word.

Of course, the sentence component analysis method in the prior art is mature, and therefore, the present application is not described in detail herein.

Further, in some embodiments of the present application, in step S106, the server may also determine at least one type to be analyzed first, and then the server may determine, for each type to be analyzed, each placeholder in the matched template corresponding to the type to be analyzed, and then determine, according to the replacement relationship between each flow value and each placeholder, a sum of flow values corresponding to the placeholder corresponding to the type to be analyzed, as an analysis result.

For example, if the type to be analyzed is universal, the server may determine that the type corresponding to each placeholder in the matched template is a universal placeholder, and then determine an analysis result according to the determined reference number of the placeholder and the replacement relationship between each flow value and each placeholder. Assume a template is "domestic general traffic {1 }. The domestic general flow rate is left at {2}, the local idle flow rate is left at {3}, wherein the corresponding type of the placeholder {1}, the corresponding type of the placeholder {2} is general, and the corresponding type of the placeholder {3} is idle, so that the placeholder {1}, the placeholder {2} is determined to be analyzed according to the type to be analyzed, and then the analysis result is determined according to the replacement relationship between the placeholder and the flow value.

In addition, in some embodiments of the present application, the information parsing process performed by the server is described as an example, but as described in step S100 of the present application, the information parsing process may also be performed locally at the mobile terminal that receives the short message. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present application, taking the mobile terminal as an example to execute the information parsing process, a template library may be stored in the mobile terminal in advance, and when step S104 is executed, a template matching the processed short message is determined according to the template library, and the operation of the subsequent step is continued. Of course, since the process of the mobile terminal performing the subsequent steps is similar to the description in the foregoing step S102 to step S106, the process of performing the information analysis on the mobile terminal is not described again in this application, and the description in step S102 to step S106 may be referred to specifically.

It should be noted that all execution subjects of the steps of the method provided in the embodiments of the present specification may be the same apparatus, or different apparatuses may also be used as execution subjects of the method. For example, the execution subject of steps S100 and S102 may be device 1, and the execution subject of step S102 may be device 2; alternatively, the execution subject of step S100 may be device 1, and the execution subjects of step S102 and step S104 may be device 2; and so on. The foregoing description has been directed to specific embodiments of this disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.

Based on the same idea, the embodiment of the application also provides corresponding equipment and a nonvolatile computer storage medium, equipment and a device.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for information parsing corresponding to fig. 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application, including:

one or more processors; and

a memory storing computer readable instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the process of information parsing shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for information parsing corresponding to fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present application, where the apparatus includes:

the acquisition module 200 acquires a short message carrying traffic information;

the templating module 202 deletes characters which are not used for describing flow information in the short message, and replaces flow values in the short message with placeholders;

the matching module 204 is used for matching the processed short message with templates in a template library and determining a template matched with the processed short message;

the analysis result determining module 206 determines an analysis result corresponding to the traffic information carried in the short message according to the type of the traffic value corresponding to each placeholder in the configured matched template and the traffic value in the short message.

The obtaining module 200 obtains a short message carrying traffic information received by a client from the client.

The templating module 202 deletes the characters in the short message, which are matched with the regular expression, according to a preset regular expression, where the regular expression is used for matching characters and character strings that are not used for describing flow information.

The templating module 202 sequentially replaces the traffic values with placeholders of different marks according to the sequence of the traffic values in the short message and the mark sequence of the preset placeholder, and stores the replacement relationship between the traffic values and the placeholders in the short message.

And aiming at each template in the template library, the marks of the placeholders in the template are configured according to the sequence of the placeholder marks in the template and the mark sequence of the preset placeholder, and the placeholders in the template correspond to preset types respectively.

The analysis result determining module 206 determines the type of each flow value in the short message according to the preset type corresponding to each placeholder in the matched template and the replacement relationship between each flow value and each placeholder in the short message, determines the sum of the flow values corresponding to each type for each type, and takes the sum of the flow values of each type as the analysis result corresponding to the flow information.

The parsing result determining module 206 determines at least one type to be parsed, determines, for each type to be parsed, a placeholder corresponding to the type to be parsed in the matched template, and determines, according to a replacement relationship between each flow value and each placeholder in the short message, a sum of flow values corresponding to the placeholder corresponding to the type to be parsed as a parsing result.

The device further comprises:

and the template updating module 208 is used for determining the flow type corresponding to each placeholder in the processed short message when the template matched with the processed short message does not exist, generating a new template and adding the new template into the template library.

Specifically, the information analyzing device may be located in a mobile terminal or a server, where the mobile terminal may be a device such as a mobile phone and a tablet computer, and the server may be a single device or a system composed of multiple devices.

The embodiments in the present application are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the device and media embodiments, the description is relatively simple as it is substantially similar to the method embodiments, and reference may be made to some descriptions of the method embodiments for relevant points.

The apparatus, the device, the apparatus, and the medium provided in the embodiment of the present application correspond to the method one to one, and therefore, the apparatus, the device, and the medium also have beneficial technical effects similar to those of the corresponding method.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.

It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for information parsing, comprising:

acquiring a short message carrying flow information;

determining an analysis result corresponding to the flow information carried by the short message according to the type of the flow value corresponding to each placeholder in the matched template and the flow value in the short message;

the method comprises the steps that a template library composed of pre-configured templates is stored in a server, and each template comprises characters describing flow values and placeholders;

the deleting of the characters which are not used for describing the flow information in the short message specifically includes:

deleting characters matched with the regular expression in the short message according to a preset regular expression;

the regular expression is used for matching characters and character strings which are not used for describing flow information;

the replacing the flow value in the short message with a placeholder specifically includes:

sequentially replacing each flow value with placeholders of different marks according to the sequence of each flow value in the short message and the mark sequence of the preset placeholder;

and storing the replacement relation between each flow value and each placeholder in the short message.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the short message carrying the traffic information specifically comprises:

the server obtains the short message carrying the flow information from the client.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein for each template in the template library, the tags of the placeholders in the template are configured according to the sequence of the placeholder tags in the template and the preset tag ordering of the placeholder; and is

Each placeholder in the template corresponds to a preset type.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining an analysis result corresponding to traffic information carried in the short message according to the type of the traffic value corresponding to each placeholder in the configured matched template and the traffic value in the short message specifically comprises:

determining the type of each flow value in the short message according to the preset type corresponding to each placeholder in the matched template and the replacement relation between each flow value in the short message and each placeholder;

determining the sum of flow values corresponding to each type;

and taking the sum of the flow values of all types as an analysis result corresponding to the flow information.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein determining an analysis result corresponding to traffic information carried in the short message according to the type of the traffic value corresponding to each placeholder in the configured matched template and the traffic value in the short message specifically comprises:

determining at least one type to be analyzed;

determining a placeholder corresponding to the type to be analyzed in the matched template aiming at each type to be analyzed;

and determining the sum of the flow values corresponding to the placeholders of the type to be analyzed as an analysis result according to the replacement relation between each flow value and each placeholder in the short message.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:

and when the template matched with the processed short message does not exist, determining the flow type corresponding to each placeholder in the processed short message, generating a new template, and adding the new template into the template library.

7. A computer readable medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon which are executable by a processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. An apparatus for information parsing, wherein the apparatus comprises:

one or more processors; and

memory storing computer readable instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the operations of the method of any of claims 1 to 6.