CN109067482B - Reconfigurable network channel simulation method and device for Internet of vehicles communication - Google Patents
Reconfigurable network channel simulation method and device for Internet of vehicles communication Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reconfigurable network channel simulation method and a reconfigurable network channel simulation device for Internet of vehicles communication.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a reconfigurable network channel simulation method and device for Internet of vehicles communication, belongs to the field of wireless information transmission, and particularly relates to a simulation device and a simulation method for a wireless channel among multiple nodes in an Internet of vehicles communication system.
Background art:
the world health organization statistics show that nearly 130 million people die of road traffic accidents each year, and road traffic injuries have become a global high-rate safety issue. The Internet of vehicles aims to establish a network communication system taking vehicles as a center, can realize intelligent traffic management and intelligent vehicle control, and can effectively reduce road congestion and improve road safety. The vehicle networking system mainly comprises vehicle-mounted terminal equipment, a cloud computing platform and a data analysis platform, the vehicle-mounted terminal equipment is used as a key part for realizing the vehicle networking, and the reliability and the stability of the communication function of the vehicle-mounted terminal equipment are important points concerned by users and researchers. At present, in order to evaluate the communication effect of the vehicle-mounted terminal equipment in a real environment, a tester needs to perform a large amount of external field actual measurement aiming at different environments, so that time and labor are wasted, and the same scene is difficult to reproduce when problems are found. In order to simulate the influence of real environment on the communication of the vehicle-mounted terminal equipment indoors, shorten the research and development period and reduce the research and development cost, a channel simulation device for the communication test of the internet of vehicles needs to be developed.
The Vehicle networking communication mainly comprises V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle, V2V), V2P (Vehicle-to-Peer) and V2R (Vehicle-to-Road) scenes. In the V2V communication scenario, the two transmitting and receiving ends are in random motion states, so that the propagation condition of wireless signals is the most complicated, and V2P and V2R can be regarded as special cases. With the deepening of theoretical modeling and actual measurement research in a mobile scene, researchers find that multipath fading, Doppler power spectrum, time delay spectrum and the like of a V2V channel have time-varying characteristics, and therefore the channel belongs to a non-stationary channel. In addition, car networking is also one of application scenarios of the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G) in the future, so that V2V channel modeling in combination with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is also one of hot spots of current academic research.
On the other hand, the vehicle networking communication system has strong clustering performance, a large number of communication nodes such as vehicles, pedestrians, roadside devices, base stations and the like are collected at any time, the whole communication link is a large-scale network communication system formed by complex point-to-point communication or relay communication among multiple points and the like, and the traditional point-to-point channel simulator is difficult to complete system test and verification. Therefore, the development of a network channel simulator in a non-stationary scene combined with the MIMO technology is an important solution for solving the problem of performance test of the current vehicle networking communication equipment.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a reconfigurable network channel simulation method and a reconfigurable network channel simulation device for Internet of vehicles communication, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a reconfigurable network channel simulation method for Internet of vehicles communication comprises the following steps:
firstly, a user inputs parameters such as a communication scene, the number of communication nodes, a vehicle running track and the like on a master control server subsystem through a user interaction unit;
secondly, the GPU operation unit carries out antenna characteristic modeling, space channel modeling, inter-node interference signal modeling and channel noise modeling according to the input parameters, generates simulation data based on the models, and stores the simulation data in the disk array unit after fixed-point quantization;
thirdly, respectively transmitting the antenna characteristic matrix, the spatial channel matrix, the interference signal matrix and the channel noise matrix of the disk array unit to each channel matrix decomposition unit through a star link MXI bus, and transmitting the decomposed matrix data to each signal processing unit through a PXI bus by the channel matrix decomposition unit;
fourthly, analog signals input by each transmitting node are converted into digital signals through analog-to-digital conversion of the signal processing unit;
fifthly, the signal processing unit superposes the input digital signal and the channel data to obtain each digital component of each sub-channel output signal;
sixthly, each digital component of the channel output signal passes through a PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit to obtain each component of each communication node receiving signal;
and seventhly, connecting the related components of the same receiving node to a data synthesis unit of the FPGA resource pool signal synthesis subsystem, and outputting the synthesized data to each receiving node through a digital-to-analog conversion unit.
Further, the second step specifically comprises the following steps:
1) abstracting an actual communication scene input by a user into scatterers distributed randomly to obtain a simplified scene map only retaining main scatterers;
2) according to the antenna type and physical size of the receiving and transmitting terminal input by the user, a polarization factor matrix Q and an antenna coupling coefficient matrix C are obtainedr、Ct；
3) According to a vehicle motion track and a communication scene type input by a user, obtaining a multipath number mean value of a time-varying channel and generating a random path number N (t) by utilizing a Poisson process, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
wherein λ isGAnd λRA birth-death parameter related to a communication scene; p (t; Δ t) represents the probability of occurrence and extinction of each path within the time interval of Δ t;
4) according to the geometric and geographic relation between the motion speed and the position of the vehicle and the scatterer, the position vectors of the vehicle and the scatterer are calculated in an iterative way, and the path time delay tau of each path time-varying is calculated by the position vectorsn(t) and further obtaining a path power Pn(t), the method is as follows:
wherein r isτAnd στRespectively delay distribution and delay spread; y isnIs a Gaussian distribution random variable;
5) obtaining Doppler phase shift of each scattering branch according to the position vector of the transmitting and receiving end and the position matrix of the transmitting and receiving antenna
And additional phase shift caused by the movement
Further obtaining the fading factor of the nth propagation path between the s-th transmitting antenna and the u-th receiving antenna of any two nodes as
Wherein, M is the number of scattering branches contained in the path;
is a random initial phase;
6) according to the network topology structure of the adjacent nodes of the receiving end and the transmitting end, the equivalent model of the interference signal of the receiving end is obtained as follows,
wherein I is the number of effective interference nodes;
the complex Gaussian random variables are independently and identically distributed;
representing the kth interference source signal and the distance between the kth interference source signal and a receiving end;
7) modeling channel noise as additive Gaussian noise according to node equipment noise temperature, environmental noise and signal bandwidth
8) And carrying out fixed-point quantization on the data generated by the simulation in the steps 1) to 7) and storing the quantized data in the disk array unit.
The invention also adopts the following technical scheme: a reconfigurable network channel simulation device for Internet of vehicles communication comprises a master control server subsystem, a PXI signal processing platform subsystem and an FPGA resource pool signal synthesis subsystem; the master control server subsystem comprises a user interaction unit, a GPU operation unit and a disk array unit; the PXI signal processing platform subsystem comprises a channel matrix decomposition unit, a signal processing unit and a PXI FPGA data pre-synthesis unit; the FPGA resource pool signal synthesis subsystem comprises a data synthesis unit and a digital-to-analog conversion unit; the output interface of the disk array unit is connected with the input interface of the channel matrix decomposition unit through a star link MXI bus; the output interface of the channel matrix decomposition unit is connected with the input interface of the signal processing unit through a PXI bus; the output interface of the signal processing unit is connected with the input interface of the PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit through an optical port; the output interface of the PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit is connected with the input interface of the data synthesis unit through an optical port; and the output interface of the data synthesis unit is connected with the input interface of the digital-to-analog conversion unit.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the simulation device provided by the invention decomposes the large-scale multi-node car networking channel simulation into a plurality of reconfigurable PXI basic simulation units (not only limited to PXI equipment), each simulation unit supports two-input two-output channel matrix fading simulation and superposition, and the simulation device has a universal, flexible and reconfigurable hardware structure and is suitable for car networking channel simulation of any number of communication nodes.
(2) Aiming at the characteristic of symmetry of the network channels of the Internet of vehicles, the invention adopts a GPU parallel operation architecture, and solves the problems of low efficiency and poor real-time performance of large-scale multi-node network channel modeling and parameter calculation.
(3) Aiming at the characteristics of the communication scene of the Internet of vehicles, the channel model established by the invention comprehensively considers a plurality of factors influencing signal propagation, such as antenna physical characteristics, random movement of a transmitting and receiving end, dynamic change of a scattering scene and the like, and simultaneously supports time-varying dynamic channel parameters and can ensure the continuity of fading power and phase of an output channel.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a typical communication scenario for multiple nodes in a vehicle networking.
Fig. 2 is an implementation of the network channel simulation apparatus of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a reconfigurable network channel simulation device for Internet of vehicles communication, which comprises a master control server subsystem, a PXI signal processing platform subsystem and an FPGA resource pool signal synthesis subsystem; the master control server subsystem comprises a user interaction unit, a GPU operation unit and a disk array unit; the PXI signal processing platform subsystem comprises a channel matrix decomposition unit, a signal processing unit and a PXI FPGA data pre-synthesis unit; the FPGA resource pool signal synthesis subsystem comprises a data synthesis unit and a digital-to-analog conversion unit; the output interface of the disk array unit is connected with the input interface of the channel matrix decomposition unit by a star link MXI bus; the output interface of the channel matrix decomposition unit is connected with the input interface of the signal processing unit through a PXI bus; the output interface of the signal processing unit is connected with the input interface of the PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit through an optical port; the output interface of the PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit is connected with the input interface of the data synthesis unit through an optical port; and the output interface of the data synthesis unit is connected with the input interface of the digital-to-analog conversion unit.
The invention relates to a reconfigurable network channel simulation method for Internet of vehicles communication, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, a user inputs parameters such as a communication scene, the number of communication nodes, a vehicle running track and the like on a master control server subsystem through a user interaction unit;
secondly, the GPU operation unit carries out antenna characteristic modeling, space channel modeling, inter-node interference signal modeling and channel noise modeling according to the input parameters, generates simulation data based on the models, and stores the simulation data in the disk array unit after fixed-point quantization;
thirdly, respectively transmitting the antenna characteristic matrix, the spatial channel matrix, the interference signal matrix and the channel noise matrix of the disk array unit to each channel matrix decomposition unit through a star link MXI bus, and transmitting the decomposed matrix data to each signal processing unit through a PXI bus by the channel matrix decomposition unit;
fourthly, analog signals input by each transmitting node are converted into digital signals through analog-to-digital conversion of the signal processing unit;
fifthly, the signal processing unit superposes the input digital signal and the channel data to obtain each digital component of each sub-channel output signal;
sixthly, each digital component of the channel output signal passes through a PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit to obtain each component of each communication node receiving signal;
and seventhly, connecting the related components of the same receiving node to a data synthesis unit of the FPGA resource pool signal synthesis subsystem, and outputting the synthesized data to each receiving node through a digital-to-analog conversion unit.
Wherein the second step comprises the following specific steps:
1) abstracting an actual communication scene input by a user into scatterers distributed randomly to obtain a simplified scene map only retaining main scatterers;
2) according to the antenna type and physical size of the receiving and transmitting terminal input by the user, a polarization factor matrix Q and an antenna coupling coefficient matrix C are obtainedr、Ct；
3) According to a vehicle motion track and a communication scene type input by a user, obtaining a multipath number mean value of a time-varying channel and generating a random path number N (t) by utilizing a Poisson process, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
wherein λ isGAnd λRA birth-death parameter related to a communication scene; p (t; Δ t) represents the probability of occurrence and extinction of each path within the time interval of Δ t;
4) according to the geometric and geographic relation between the motion speed and the position of the vehicle and the scatterer, the position vectors of the vehicle and the scatterer are calculated in an iterative way, and the path time delay tau of each path time-varying is calculated by the position vectorsn(t) and further obtaining a path power Pn(t), the method is as follows:
wherein r isτAnd στRespectively delay distribution and delay spread; y isnIs a gaussian distributed random variable.
5) Obtaining Doppler phase shift of each scattering branch according to the position vector of the transmitting and receiving end and the position matrix of the transmitting and receiving antenna
And additional phase shift caused by the movement
Further obtaining the fading factor of the nth propagation path between the s-th transmitting antenna and the u-th receiving antenna of any two nodes as
Wherein, M is the number of scattering branches contained in the path;
is a random initial phase.
6) According to the network topology structure of the adjacent nodes of the receiving end and the transmitting end, the equivalent model of the interference signal of the receiving end is obtained as follows,
wherein I is the number of effective interference nodes;
the complex Gaussian random variables are independently and identically distributed;
represents the kth interferer signal andits distance from the receiving end;
7) modeling channel noise as additive Gaussian noise according to node equipment noise temperature, environmental noise and signal bandwidth
8) And carrying out fixed-point quantization on the data generated by the simulation in the steps 1) to 7) and storing the quantized data in the disk array unit.
Consider a vehicle networking communications system (as shown in fig. 1) of 4N bidirectional communications nodes, where X ═ X1 x2 … x4N]TFor the signal vector of all transmitting nodes, Y ═ Y1 y2 … y4N]TFor the signal vectors of all receiving nodes, the invention models the whole vehicle networking network channel as
Wherein, L is the multipath cluster number of each subchannel; h isij(τ, t) is a channel fading matrix between the jth transmitting node and the ith receiving node after considering antenna mutual coupling and polarization effects; tau islPath delay of the first path of each sub-channel; j (t) and n (t) are equivalent interference signal vectors and noise vectors, respectively. On the basis, the invention further takes 4 nodes as basic hardware simulation units to carry out matrix decomposition, so that
X′j＝[x4j-3 x4j-2 x4j-1 x4j]，j＝1，2，…，N (14)
Thus, the 4-node network channel of each basic hardware simulation unit can be modeled as
Wherein, Y (t), J (t) and N (t) are output, interference and noise matrixes of the basic hardware simulation unit, and the dimensionality reduction of the three matrixes is 4 Nx 1.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following takes an urban microcellular communication scenario proposed in the W1NNER + standard channel model as an example, and a clear and complete description is made on the technical solutions by assuming 8 communication nodes and each node is a 2 × 2 MIMO channel, and combining with the drawings of the present invention, and the following implementation examples are only used to explain the present invention, but do not limit the application scope of the present invention.
By using the matrix decomposition method of the invention, 8 communication nodes and 2 multiplied by 2 MIMO channels among the nodes, the network channel model can be expressed as
Therefore, 2 channel matrix decomposition units, 8 signal processing units, 2 PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis units, 8 signal synthesis units and a digital-to-analog conversion unit are required for MIMO channel simulation of 8 nodes and 2 × 2 between each node, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, a user inputs parameters such as an urban scene, the number of communication nodes, a vehicle running track and the like on a master control server subsystem through a user interaction unit 1-1;
secondly, the GPU operation unit 1-2 carries out antenna characteristic modeling, space channel modeling, inter-node interference signal modeling and channel noise modeling according to the input parameters, generates simulation data based on the models, and stores the simulation data in the disk array unit 1-3 after fixed-point quantization, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) abstracting an urban communication scene input by a user into scatterers distributed randomly to obtain a simplified urban scene map only retaining main scatterers;
2) according to the antenna type and physical size of the receiving and transmitting terminal input by the user, a polarization factor matrix Q and an antenna coupling coefficient matrix C are obtainedr、Ct；
3) According to a vehicle motion track and an urban communication scene input by a user, obtaining a multipath number mean value of a time-varying channel and generating a random path number N (t) by utilizing a Poisson process, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
wherein λ isGAnd λRA scene-related birth-death parameter; p (t; Δ t) represents the probability of occurrence or extinction of each path within the Δ t time interval. For the characteristics of urban microcellular communication scene, the example of the scheme takes lambdaG＝0.8，λRThe time interval Δ t is 100ms, 0.04.
4) According to the geometric and geographic relation between the motion speed and the position of the vehicle and the scatterer, the position vectors of the vehicle and the scatterer are calculated in an iterative way, and the path time delay tau of each path time-varying is calculated by the position vectorsn(t) and further obtaining a path power Pn(t), the method is as follows:
wherein r isτAnd στRespectively delay distribution and delay spread; y isnIs a Gaussian distribution random variable conforming to N (0, 3).
5) Obtaining Doppler phase shift of each scattering branch according to the position vector of the transmitting and receiving end and the position matrix of the transmitting and receiving antenna
And additional phase shift caused by the movement
Further obtaining the fading factor of the nth propagation path between the s-th transmitting antenna and the u-th receiving antenna of any two nodes as
Wherein, M is the number of scattering branches contained in the path;
is a random initial phase. Considering the characteristics of the urban communication scene and the hardware computing efficiency, in this case, M is 128,
then obey [0,2 π]Uniformly distributed random variables.
6) According to the network topology structure of the adjacent nodes of the receiving end and the transmitting end, the equivalent model of the interference signal of the receiving end is obtained as follows,
wherein, I is the number of effective interference nodes, and in this case, when the interference signal power is higher than the maximum interference source power by 5%, it is considered to be effective;
is a complex Gaussian random variable CN (0,1) which is independently and identically distributed;
representing the kth interference source signal and the distance between the kth interference source signal and a receiving end;
7) modeling channel noise as additive Gaussian noise according to node equipment noise temperature, environmental noise and signal bandwidth
8) And carrying out fixed-point quantization on the data generated by the simulation in the steps 1) to 7) and storing the data in the disk array unit 1-3.
Thirdly, respectively transmitting the antenna characteristic matrix, the spatial channel matrix, the interference signal matrix and the channel noise matrix of the disk array units 1-3 to each channel matrix decomposition unit 1-4 through a star link MXI bus, and simultaneously transmitting the decomposed matrix data to each signal processing unit 1-5 through a PXI bus by the channel matrix decomposition units 1-4;
fourthly, converting the analog signals input by each transmitting node into digital signals through analog-to-digital conversion processing of the signal processing units 1-5;
fifthly, the signal processing unit 1-5 superposes the input digital signal and the channel data to obtain each digital component of each subchannel output signal;
sixthly, each digital component of the channel output signal passes through a PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit 1-6 to obtain each component of each communication node receiving signal;
and seventhly, connecting the related components of the same receiving node to data synthesis units 1-7 of the FPGA resource pool signal synthesis subsystem, and outputting the data to each receiving node through digital-to-analog conversion units 1-8 after data synthesis.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of this invention and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention and these modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A reconfigurable network channel simulation method facing Internet of vehicles communication is based on a reconfigurable network channel simulation device facing Internet of vehicles communication, and is characterized in that: the reconfigurable network channel simulation device facing the Internet of vehicles communication comprises a master control server subsystem, a PXI signal processing platform subsystem and an FPGA resource pool signal synthesis subsystem; the master control server subsystem comprises a user interaction unit (1-1), a GPU operation unit (1-2) and a disk array unit (1-3); the PXI signal processing platform subsystem comprises a channel matrix decomposition unit (1-4), a signal processing unit (1-5) and a PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit (1-6); the FPGA resource pool signal synthesis subsystem comprises a data synthesis unit (1-7) and a digital-to-analog conversion unit (1-8); the output interface of the disk array unit (1-3) is connected with the input interface of the channel matrix decomposition unit (1-4) by a star link MXI bus; the output interface of the channel matrix decomposition unit (1-4) is connected with the input interface of the signal processing unit (1-5) through a PXI bus; the output interface of the signal processing unit (1-5) is connected with the input interface of the PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit (1-6) through an optical port; the output interface of the PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit (1-6) is connected with the input interface of the data synthesis unit (1-7) through an optical port; the output interface of the data synthesis unit (1-7) is connected with the input interface of the digital-to-analog conversion unit (1-8);
the channel simulation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a user inputs a communication scene, the number of communication nodes and vehicle running track parameters on a master control server subsystem through a user interaction unit;
secondly, the GPU operation unit carries out antenna characteristic modeling, space channel modeling, inter-node interference signal modeling and channel noise modeling according to the input parameters, generates simulation data based on the models, and stores the simulation data in the disk array unit after fixed-point quantization;
thirdly, respectively transmitting the antenna characteristic matrix, the spatial channel matrix, the interference signal matrix and the channel noise matrix of the disk array unit to each channel matrix decomposition unit through a star link MXI bus, and transmitting the decomposed matrix data to each signal processing unit through a PXI bus by the channel matrix decomposition unit;
fourthly, analog signals input by each transmitting node are converted into digital signals through analog-to-digital conversion of the signal processing unit;
fifthly, the signal processing unit superposes the input digital signal and the channel data to obtain each digital component of each sub-channel output signal;
sixthly, each digital component of the channel output signal passes through a PXI FPGA signal pre-synthesis unit to obtain each component of each communication node receiving signal;
and seventhly, connecting the related components of the same receiving node to a data synthesis unit of the FPGA resource pool signal synthesis subsystem, and outputting the synthesized data to each receiving node through a digital-to-analog conversion unit.
2. The reconfigurable network channel simulation method for internet of vehicles communication according to claim 1, wherein: the second step is specifically generated as follows:
1) abstracting an actual communication scene input by a user into scatterers distributed randomly to obtain a simplified scene map only retaining main scatterers;
2) according to the antenna type and physical size of the receiving and transmitting terminal input by the user, a polarization factor matrix Q and an antenna coupling coefficient matrix C are obtainedr、Ct；
3) According to a vehicle motion track and a communication scene type input by a user, obtaining a multipath number mean value of a time-varying channel and generating a random path number N (t) by utilizing a Poisson process, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
wherein λ isGAnd λRA birth-death parameter related to a communication scene; p (t; Δ t) represents the probability of occurrence and extinction of each path within the time interval of Δ t;
4) according to the geometric and geographic relation between the motion speed and the position of the vehicle and the scatterer, the position vectors of the vehicle and the scatterer are calculated in an iterative way, and the path time delay tau of each path time-varying is calculated by the position vectorsn(t) and further obtaining a path power Pn(t), the method is as follows:
wherein r isτAnd στRespectively delay distribution and delay spread; y isnIs a Gaussian distribution random variable;
5) obtaining Doppler phase shift of each scattering branch according to the position vector of the transmitting and receiving end and the position matrix of the transmitting and receiving antenna
And additional phase shift caused by the movement
Further obtaining the fading factor of the nth propagation path between the s-th transmitting antenna and the u-th receiving antenna of any two nodes as
Wherein, M is the number of scattering branches contained in the path;
is a random initial phase;
6) according to the network topology structure of the adjacent nodes of the receiving end and the transmitting end, the equivalent model of the interference signal of the receiving end is obtained as follows,
wherein I is the number of effective interference nodes;
the complex Gaussian random variables are independently and identically distributed;
representing the kth interference source signal and the distance between the kth interference source signal and a receiving end;
7) modeling channel noise as additive Gaussian noise according to node equipment noise temperature, environmental noise and signal bandwidth
8) And carrying out fixed-point quantization on the data generated by the simulation in the steps 1) to 7) and storing the quantized data in the disk array unit.
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| CN111211820B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-10-08 | 南京航空航天大学 | Vehicle-mounted communication equipment testing device and method for Internet of vehicles |
| CN110855385A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-28 | 深圳格林帕科技有限公司 | Hard simulation equipment aiming at dynamic wireless environment of mobile equipment of Internet of things |
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| CN111669726A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-15 | 上海无线通信研究中心 | Deterministic channel simulator and channel simulation method for Internet of vehicles |
| CN113612559B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-05-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Reconfigurable channel fading simulation device and fading twinning method thereof |
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