CN109067004B - Magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer method and device based on magnetic fluid - Google Patents
Magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer method and device based on magnetic fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN109067004B CN109067004B CN201811076445.2A CN201811076445A CN109067004B CN 109067004 B CN109067004 B CN 109067004B CN 201811076445 A CN201811076445 A CN 201811076445A CN 109067004 B CN109067004 B CN 109067004B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
Abstract
The invention relates to a magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer method and device based on magnetic fluid, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetism. The method utilizes the dual characteristics of the fluidity and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid, and the magnetic fluid is used as an energy transfer medium to replace an air medium between the primary coil and the secondary coil, so that the magnetic resistance of a coupling magnetic circuit is reduced, and the power transfer capacity and efficiency are improved. After a certain high-frequency alternating current is conducted in the primary coil, induced electromotive force can be generated in the secondary coil, the cylindrical container is used for containing magnetic fluid replacing an air medium, the coil supporting structure is used for adjusting and fixing the space position of the coil, and the magnetic fluid medium has higher magnetic conductivity relative to air. The invention enables the wireless energy transfer device to effectively reduce the volume, reduce the weight and realize high-capacity and high-efficiency transmission of power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetism, and relates to a magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer method and device based on a magnetic fluid.
Background
At present, more bottlenecks are encountered in the research on wireless charging, and the main direction of the research is to improve the transmission capacity and efficiency of power. Whether inductively or magnetically resonant, the transfer medium for the magnetic field between the coils is air. According to the magnetic circuit theory, when the complete magnetic circuit has a very small air gap, the magnetic resistance of the whole circuit is rapidly increased, most of magnetic field energy is dispersed in air, and therefore the transmission capacity and efficiency of power are low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer method and device based on a magnetic fluid, where the magnetic fluid has a high magnetic conductivity, so that the magnetic resistance of a magnetic loop in the wireless energy transfer device is rapidly reduced, the coupling strength of a magnetic field between coils is effectively improved, the transmission capacity and efficiency of power are further improved, and the magnetic fluid is used to replace an air gap to realize an energy transmission concept.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer method based on magnetic fluid is disclosed, which comprises the following steps: the magnetic fluid is used as an energy transfer medium to replace an air medium between the primary coil and the secondary coil by utilizing the dual characteristics of the fluidity and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid, so that the magnetic resistance of a coupling magnetic circuit is reduced, and the power transfer capacity and efficiency are improved.
Further, after a certain high-frequency alternating current is conducted in the primary coil, an alternating magnetic field generated in the space is strongly coupled to the secondary coil due to higher magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid by a Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, so that a larger induced electromotive force is generated; the magnetic fluid is compactly filled with air gaps due to the fluidity of the magnetic fluid, and the magnetic circuit reluctance can be reduced due to the high magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid, namely the coupling capacity between the primary coil and the secondary coil is enhanced.
The magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer device based on the magnetic fluid comprises a cylindrical container, a primary coil, a secondary coil, a coil supporting structure and the magnetic fluid;
the cylindrical container is used for containing the magnetic fluid, and the distribution of the magnetic fluid in the space is determined by changing the shape of the container;
the magnetic fluid submerges the helical coil and the coil support structure; the coil supporting structure is used for fixing the relative position of the primary coil and the secondary coil in space; the magnetic fluid is used for replacing an air gap, the flowing characteristic enables the magnetic fluid to be connected with the primary coil and the secondary coil without generating any air gap, and meanwhile, the magnetic circuit reluctance is effectively reduced due to the high magnetic conductivity of the magnetic fluid, so that the magnetic field coupling capacity between the primary coil and the secondary coil is enhanced;
the primary coil and the secondary coil are immersed in the magnetic fluid;
the upper plane of the coil supporting structure is parallel to the liquid level of the magnetic fluid, and the lower plane is placed in the cylindrical container;
the circular ring opening in the coil supporting structure is used as a leading-out port of a secondary coil port, and 6 circular ring openings on the upper plane and the lower plane are distributed in a regular hexagon;
the coil supporting structure is 6 cylinders which are distributed in a regular hexagon shape;
the shape of the coil supporting structure is changed to adapt to different application occasions; as the distance between the coils increases, the mutual inductance value of the coils under the air medium and the magnetic fluid medium decreases along with the increase of the distance.
Further, the outer diameter of the cylindrical container is 160mm, the inner diameter of the cylindrical container is 150mm, and the thickness of the bottom of the cylindrical container is 5 mm;
the liquid depth of the magnetic fluid is 180 mm;
the radius of the circular ring is 9 mm;
the radius of the cylinder is 1 mm;
the radius of the primary coil and the radius of the secondary coil are both 37.5mm, the turn distance of the coil is 2.2mm, the number of turns of the primary coil is 5, the number of turns of the secondary coil is 10, the wire diameter of the coil is 1mm, and the distance between the two coils is 22 mm.
Further, the magnetic fluid is colloid with single-domain structure and nano magnetic particles uniformly dispersed in a solvent, the particle diameter is 10-100 nm, and the single-domain structure of the nano magnetic particles enables the magnetic fluid to have instantaneous magnetic characteristics and low loss characteristics.
Further, the number of turns of the primary coil is 5, the number of turns of the secondary coil is 10, that is, m is 5, and n is 10; m and n have the following relationships:
the self-inductance parameter calculation after the n circular rings are connected in series is equivalent to the calculation of the self-inductance of a plurality of series coils, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
Lcoilis the self-inductance of the ith circular ring conductor;
Mi,j,Mj,iis the mutual inductance parameter between the ith circular ring conductor and the jth circular ring conductor;
Lseriesfor self-inductance of n ring conductors after series connectionA parameter;
the mutual inductance between the m circular ring conductors and the n circular ring conductors is calculated by the formula
In the formula:
Mm,nis the mutual inductance parameter between the m serial ring conductors and the n serial ring conductors.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer concept based on the magnetic fluid, the magnetic circuit reluctance is reduced due to the high magnetic conductivity of the magnetic fluid, the mutual inductance value of the coil is increased, and compared with the situation that a traditional air gap is used as an energy transfer medium, a large primary and secondary mutual inductance value can be obtained under the condition that the number of turns and the size of the coil are small, so that the wireless energy transfer device can effectively reduce the size, reduce the weight and realize high-power and efficient energy transfer by utilizing the magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer concept based on the magnetic fluid.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
fig. 1(a) is a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnetic coupling energy transfer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; (b) is a front view; (c) is a top view;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the magnetization of a magnetic fluid provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a spatial magnetic field distribution diagram under an air medium; (a) primary current phases to (d)
A magnetic field profile of time;
FIG. 4 is a spatial magnetic field distribution map under a magnetofluid medium; (a) primary current phases to (d)
A magnetic field profile of time;
FIG. 5 is a static magnetic field distribution diagram of YZ planes respectively in an air medium and a magnetic fluid as media according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the self-inductance and mutual inductance values of a primary and secondary coil with distance between the two in both the air gap and magnetic fluid conditions.
Reference numerals: 1-a cylindrical container; 2-magnetic fluid; 3-coil support structure, 4-primary coil, 5-secondary coil.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The magnetic fluid has both liquid flowability and magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic material. It is known from transformer theory that if a very small air gap exists in the magnetic circuit, the magnetic resistance of the whole magnetic circuit will increase sharply, resulting in a decrease in the coupling performance between the coils. The fluidity of the magnetic fluid enables the magnetic fluid to compactly fill air between the coils, and meanwhile, the high magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid powerfully improves the magnetic conductance between the coils, so that the coupling strength of a magnetic field between the coils is improved, and the energy transmission capability is further improved.
Referring to fig. 1(a) - (c), the invention provides a magnetic coupling energy transfer device based on magnetic fluid, which structurally comprises a cylindrical container 1, a primary coil 4, a secondary coil 5, a coil support structure 3 and magnetic fluid 2. The outer diameter of the cylindrical container 1 is 160mm, the inner diameter is 150mm, and the bottom thickness is 5 mm; the magnetic fluid 2 immerses the spiral coil and the coil supporting structure, and the liquid depth is 180 mm; the upper plane of the coil supporting structure 3 is parallel to the liquid level of the magnetic fluid, and the lower plane is arranged in the cylindrical container; the circular ring opening in the coil supporting structure is used as a leading-out port of a secondary coil port, 6 circular ring openings on the upper plane and the lower plane are distributed in a regular hexagon, and the radius of the circular ring is 9 mm; 6 support columns are also distributed in a regular hexagon, and the radius of the support columns is 1 mm; the radius of each primary coil and each secondary coil is 37.5mm, the turn pitch of each coil is 2.2mm, the number of turns of each primary coil is 5, the number of turns of each secondary coil is 10, the wire diameter of each coil is 1mm, and the distance between the two coils is 22 mm. The present invention contemplates a simple wireless energy transfer magnetic coupling device to illustrate the above concept. The cylindrical container is used for containing magnetic fluid, the coil supporting structure is used for adjusting and fixing the spatial position of the coil, and the magnetic fluid is used for replacing an air gap and enhancing the magnetic conductance between the coils, so that the coupling capacity of a magnetic field between the cylindrical container and the coil is improved.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the magnetization curve and relative permeability of the magnetic fluid according to the embodiment of the present invention as a function of the applied magnetic induction. It can be known from the left diagram of fig. 2 that the magnetization curve of the magnetic fluid is different from the hysteresis loop of the ferromagnetic material, i.e. the curve has only one zero crossing point, and the reason for having such curve characteristics is that the magnetic fluid is used as a colloidal substance, in which nanoscale ferromagnetic particles are dispersed, and the magnetic fluid has a single-domain structure at the nanoscale, i.e. the ferromagnetic particles do not have the hysteresis phenomenon that the ferromagnetic material is used to, under the action of a high-frequency external magnetic field, so that the heat generated by the mutual friction between the domain walls due to the rapid change of the magnetic domain direction is effectively reduced. The above characteristics prove the effectiveness of the magnetic fluid in high-frequency coil coupling. Fig. 2 shows the curve of the change of the magnetic fluid relative to the external magnetic flux density, and the relative magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid is reduced along with the increase of the external magnetic flux density. In subsequent finite element simulation analysis, the relative permeability of the magnetic fluid is set to be 2.5, and the rationality and the effectiveness of the magnetic fluid for wireless power transmission are tried to be proved in a simulation mode.
Fig. 3 and 4 are the space magnetic field distribution diagrams under the air medium and the magnetic fluid medium respectively. Because the coil is in an axisymmetric structure, the 2D model of the coil structure is utilized in the finite element simulation process, and the calculation speed and the calculation precision have obvious advantages compared with the 3D model. And establishing a 2D simulation model which is symmetrical about the Z axis by using Maxwell software. The primary coil excitation current is 1A, the secondary current is 1A, and the phase leads the primary coil current by 90 degrees. In both cases of the air medium and the magnetofluid medium, the spatial magnetic field distribution diagrams obtained when the primary current phases are at 0 °,90 °,120 °, and 240 °, respectively, are shown in fig. 3(a) to (d) and fig. 4(a) to (d), respectively. By contrast, the magnetic fluid is a uniform colloidal substance, which does not seriously affect the distribution of the spatial magnetic field, but can enhance the spatial magnetic field. Fig. 5 shows the magnetic field distribution on the central axis of the coil under two conditions, and the comparison of the values of the magnetic fields of the two on the axis shows that after the magnetic fluid medium is filled with the air gap, the space magnetic flux density is enhanced by nearly 3 times under the condition that the primary current and the secondary current are not changed, thereby proving the rationality of the magnetic fluid for enhancing the wireless power transmission capability.
Figure 6 shows the variation of the mutual inductance parameter between a secondary coil with distance for both air media and magnetofluid media. Because the simulation adopts a 2D model, the spiral coils are equivalent to the circular rings, and the result of simulation calculation is the self-inductance and mutual-inductance parameters among the circular ring conductors, the self-inductance and mutual-inductance parameters among the secondary coils need to be calculated by utilizing the simulation data. The self-inductance parameter calculation after the n circular rings are connected in series can be equivalent to the calculation of the self-inductance of a plurality of series coils, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
Lcoilis the self-inductance of the ith circular ring conductor;
Mi,j,Mj,iis the mutual inductance parameter between the ith circular ring conductor and the jth circular ring conductor;
Lseriesthe self-inductance parameter is the self-inductance parameter of n circular ring conductors after being connected in series.
And the mutual inductance between the m circular ring conductors and the n circular ring conductors is calculated by the formula
In the formula:
Mm,nis the mutual inductance parameter between the m serial ring conductors and the n serial ring conductors.
In the simulation model, the number of primary and secondary coil turns is 5 and 10 respectively, i.e., m is 5 and n is 10. The self-inductance and mutual-inductance of the secondary coil can be drawn out along with the change of the coil distance by the calculation of self-inductance and mutual-inductance parameters of the current loop obtained by simulation.
Since the mutual inductance value between the coils plays a key factor for the transmission quantity of power in the inductive wireless power transmission, the mutual inductance value of the primary and secondary coils is simulated and drawn out along with the change of the distance between the coils only under two conditions of air media and magnetofluid media, as shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from the graph, as the distance between the coils increases, in both cases, the mutual inductance value of the coils decreases as the distance increases, however, the mutual inductance value of the coils is significantly improved relative to the air medium due to the addition of the magnetofluid medium, and the feasibility of the magnetofluid medium for enhancing the wireless power transmission capability is proved again.
After a certain high-frequency alternating current is conducted in the primary coil, an alternating magnetic field generated in the space can be strongly coupled to the secondary coil due to the higher magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid by the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, so that a larger induced electromotive force is generated. The fluidity of the magnetic fluid enables the magnetic fluid to be densely filled with air gaps, and the high magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid can reduce the magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit, namely, the coupling capacity between the primary coil and the secondary coil is enhanced.
The used magnetic fluid is colloid with nano magnetic particles (10-100 nm) of a single-domain structure uniformly dispersed in a solvent, and the magnetic fluid has instantaneous magnetic characteristics and low loss characteristics due to the single-domain structure of the nano magnetic particles.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer device based on magnetic fluid is characterized in that: the energy transmission method based on the device comprises the following steps: the magnetic fluid is used as an energy transfer medium to replace an air medium between the primary coil and the secondary coil by utilizing the dual characteristics of the fluidity and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid so as to reduce the magnetic resistance of a coupling magnetic circuit and improve the power transfer capacity and efficiency;
after a certain high-frequency alternating current is conducted in the primary coil, an alternating magnetic field generated in the space is strongly coupled to the secondary coil due to higher magnetic conductivity of the magnetic fluid by a Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, so that larger induced electromotive force is generated; the magnetic fluid is compactly filled with air gaps due to the fluidity, and the magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit can be reduced due to the high magnetic conductivity of the magnetic fluid, namely the coupling capacity between the primary coil and the secondary coil is enhanced;
the device comprises a cylindrical container, a primary coil, a secondary coil, a coil supporting structure and a magnetic fluid;
the cylindrical container is used for containing the magnetic fluid, and the distribution of the magnetic fluid in the space is determined by changing the shape of the container;
the magnetic fluid submerges the primary coil, the secondary coil and the coil support structure; the coil supporting structure is used for fixing the relative position of the primary coil and the secondary coil in space; the magnetic fluid is used for replacing an air gap, the flowing characteristic enables the magnetic fluid to be connected with the primary coil and the secondary coil without generating any air gap, and meanwhile, the magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit is effectively reduced due to the high magnetic conductivity of the magnetic fluid, so that the magnetic field coupling capacity between the primary coil and the secondary coil is enhanced;
the primary coil and the secondary coil are immersed in the magnetic fluid;
the upper plane of the coil supporting structure is parallel to the liquid level of the magnetic fluid, and the lower plane is placed in the cylindrical container;
the circular ring opening in the coil supporting structure is used as a leading-out port of a secondary coil port, and 6 circular ring openings on the upper plane and the lower plane are distributed in a regular hexagon;
the coil supporting structure comprises 6 cylinders which are distributed in a regular hexagon shape;
the shape of the coil supporting structure is changed to adapt to different application occasions; with the increase of the distance between the coils, under the air medium and the magnetofluid medium, the mutual inductance value of the coils is reduced with the increase of the distance;
the outer diameter of the cylindrical container is 160mm, the inner diameter of the cylindrical container is 150mm, and the thickness of the bottom of the cylindrical container is 5 mm;
the liquid depth of the magnetic fluid is 180 mm;
the radius of the opening of the circular ring is 9 mm;
the radius of the cylinder is 1 mm;
the radiuses of the primary coil and the secondary coil are both 37.5mm, the turn distance of the coils is both 2.2mm, the number of turns of the primary coil is 5, the number of turns of the secondary coil is 10, the wire diameter of the coils is both 1mm, and the distance between the two coils is set to be 22 mm;
the magnetic fluid is colloid with nano magnetic particles of a single-domain structure uniformly dispersed in a solvent, the particle diameter is 10-100 nm, and the single-domain structure of the nano magnetic particles enables the magnetic fluid to have instantaneous magnetic characteristics and low loss characteristics.
2. The magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer device based on the magnetic fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of turns of the primary coil is 5, the number of turns of the secondary coil is 10, namely m is 5, and n is 10; m and n have the following relationships:
Mi,jis the mutual inductance parameter between the ith circular ring conductor and the jth circular ring conductor;
the mutual inductance calculation formula between the m circular ring conductors and the n circular ring conductors is as follows:
in the formula:
Mm,nis the mutual inductance parameter between the m serial ring conductors and the n serial ring conductors.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107640047A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-30 | 重庆大学 | A kind of magnetic coupling and electric bus wireless charging system based on magnetic liquid |
| CN108521152A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-11 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of magnetic coupling type wireless charging system |
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| US10553342B2 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2020-02-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Deformable inductor having a liquid magnetic core |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107640047A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-30 | 重庆大学 | A kind of magnetic coupling and electric bus wireless charging system based on magnetic liquid |
| CN108521152A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-11 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of magnetic coupling type wireless charging system |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 小功率微波等离子体的研究;秦怡;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 基础科学辑》;20110315;正文第4.1节 * |
| 磁耦合无线能量传输系统的线圈优化设计;吕超;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技II辑》;20150615;正文第24页 * |
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