CN109061629B - Debris flow deposit thickness detection method based on geological radar technology - Google Patents
Debris flow deposit thickness detection method based on geological radar technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN109061629B CN109061629B CN201810711596.4A CN201810711596A CN109061629B CN 109061629 B CN109061629 B CN 109061629B CN 201810711596 A CN201810711596 A CN 201810711596A CN 109061629 B CN109061629 B CN 109061629B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a debris flow accumulation thickness detection method based on a geological radar technology, which comprises the following steps of: the shielding antenna is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the debris flow channel; transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves to the debris flow deposit by using a shielding antenna, and receiving the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow deposit by using the shielding antenna; transmitting the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow accumulation to a detection host; and the reflected and/or refracted high-frequency electromagnetic pulse wave waveform processing is carried out in the computer terminal; and dividing the waveform diagram corresponding to the processed waveform data to obtain the thickness of the debris flow deposit. Through the scheme, the method has the advantages of simple detection, simplicity and convenience in operation, cost saving, accuracy in detection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological detection, in particular to a debris flow accumulation thickness detection method based on a geological radar technology.
Background
Debris flow is one of the main types of geological disasters, and the debris flow disasters in China widely develop and have various causes. The calculation of the thickness of debris flow deposits formed historically by debris flow basins has been a difficult problem in debris flow risk assessment. By finely detecting the thickness of historical debris flow deposits, important parameters and bases can be provided for scientifically evaluating the influence range of the debris flow and comprehensively treating the debris flow.
At present, the existing means for detecting the thickness of debris flow deposits mainly comprise a geological sketch method, a remote sensing interpretation method and a core drilling method. The geological sketch method has the advantages that the thickness of a deposit is estimated through the sketch of the section and the outcrop of the debris flow gully at any time, and geological data recorded on the spot is provided for the whole debris flow gully. However, the disadvantage is that the thickness of the debris flow accumulation is relatively rough only by profiling and outcropping, and the larger the area of the debris flow accumulation area, the less accurate the accumulation thickness is derived by geological sketch. In addition, through the combination of a remote sensing interpretation method and a geological sketch method, the thickness change of the debris flow accumulation can be pre-estimated, and the mean value is selected to calculate the square quantity of the accumulation area on the basis of certain reliability. The core drilling method can intuitively obtain the thickness of debris flow accumulation in a small range, but the accuracy of the method in an accumulation area is influenced by the distance and the number of drill holes, and meanwhile, the wide application of the method is limited due to high cost. Therefore, the conventional method for detecting the thickness of the debris flow accumulation has more defects; firstly, the detection has more work flows, and the cost of manpower and material resources is high; secondly, the quantitative values obtained by analysis have strong experience dependence, so people with rich work experience and solid foundation must be selected; thirdly, the detection precision is low, and it is difficult to provide fine data and reference basis for risk evaluation of debris flow.
Therefore, a method for detecting the debris flow accumulation thickness, which is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and simple to detect, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a debris flow accumulation thickness detection method based on a geological radar technology, and adopts the following technical scheme:
a debris flow accumulation thickness detection method based on geological radar technology comprises the following steps:
and at least 2 shielding antennas which are configured, are formed by adopting a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna in a set manner and are used for transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves to the debris flow accumulation and receiving the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow accumulation.
And the detection host is in communication connection with the shielding antenna and is used for controlling the shielding antenna to transmit high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves and receiving the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves which are fed back by the shielding antenna and reflected and/or refracted by debris flow deposits.
A computer terminal connected with the detection host machine in optical fiber communication for obtaining the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse wave reflected and/or refracted by debris flow, and performing waveform processing on the electromagnetic pulse wave, and
and the lithium battery is respectively connected with the detection host and the shielding antenna and is used for providing a power supply for the detection host and the shielding antenna.
The debris flow deposit thickness detection method comprises the following steps:
and step S1, the shielding antenna is arranged in the direction vertical to the debris flow channel and is in communication connection with the detection host.
And step S2, controlling the transmitting antenna of the shielding antenna to transmit high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves to the debris flow deposit by using the detection host, and receiving the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow deposit by using the receiving antenna of the shielding antenna.
Step S3, transmitting the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse wave reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow deposit in the step S2 to a detection host; and the reflected and/or refracted high-frequency electromagnetic pulse wave waveform processing is carried out in the computer terminal.
The waveform processing sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) correcting the waveform label;
(2) removing the air layer from the corrected waveform;
(3) carrying out distortion removal treatment on the waveform with the air layer removed;
(4) performing gain processing on the waveform subjected to the distortion processing;
(5) carrying out horizontal signal removal processing on the waveform after the gain processing;
(6) performing band-pass filtering processing on the waveform subjected to the horizontal signal removal processing;
(7) performing moving average processing on the waveform subjected to the band-pass filtering processing;
and step S4, dividing the waveform diagram corresponding to the waveform data processed in the step S3 to obtain the thickness and layering of the debris flow deposit.
Further, in step S3, the waveform label correction eliminates the error between the selected distance and the actual distance by modifying the sampling interval correction through the computer terminal.
Further, in step S3, the air layer is removed, and a static correction method is used to eliminate the interference between the shielding antenna and the ground gap.
Further, in step S3, the waveform distortion processing is performed by extracting an average trace.
Further, in step S3, the horizontal signal removing process adopts an average value method to suppress the horizontal coherence energy.
Further, in step S3, the band-pass filtering process is performed by a recursive filtering process in the time domain of the waveform.
Preferably, in step S3, the moving average processing is to select a number of channels of the waveform after the recursive filtering processing to suppress noise.
Preferably, the frequency of the shielding antenna is 100 MHz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention skillfully adopts the shielding antenna with high resolution, transmits high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves to the underground medium through the shielding antenna, and because the physical properties (such as dielectric constant and resistivity) of the underground medium have larger difference, the electromagnetic pulse waves can be reflected and refracted when meeting the interface surfaces of different electric media and are received and recorded by the receiving antenna of the shielding antenna. The penetration depth and resolution of geological radar technology depend primarily on the frequency of the radar waves and the electrical differences of the subsurface media. The lower the frequency of the transmitting antenna, the greater the penetration depth and the lower the resolution. Thus, the thickness and stratification of the debris flow deposit is obtained by analyzing the electromagnetic pulse wave. According to the area of the accumulation region, the volume of the accumulation can be obtained, and scientific basis and technical support are provided for the influence range and risk evaluation of debris flow.
(2) The invention corrects the mark of the detected electromagnetic pulse wave to overcome the difference between the actual installation distance and the selected distance of the shielding antenna. In addition, the invention also adopts a static correction method to eliminate direct waves so as to ensure the accuracy of the depth of the abnormal signal. Because a gap exists between the shielding antenna and the ground (actually, the shielding antenna cannot be contacted with the ground at an absolute zero distance), the gap leads to the collection of direct waves between the air layer and the near-surface, and the direct waves directly influence the detection accuracy.
(3) The invention also adopts the treatments of distortion removal, gain, leveling removal, band-pass filtering and the like, so that the thickness of debris flow accumulation can be accurately obtained, the acquisition and processing process of the invention depends on less experience of professional technicians, and the operation is simple and convenient.
(4) The invention adopts the shielding antenna, and has high data acquisition speed and high resolution. Through the scheme, the method has the advantages of simplicity in detection, simplicity and convenience in operation, cost saving, accuracy in detection and the like, and has high practical value and popularization value in the technical field of geological detection.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of raw data detected by the shielded antenna of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a waveform processing diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the layer thickness of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a debris flow deposit thickness detection method based on geological radar technology, in which the following devices are adopted: 100MHz shielded antenna, detection host computer, computer terminal and lithium cell. The shielding antennas are at least 2, are formed by combining transmitting antennas and receiving antennas, and are used for transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves to the debris flow deposits and receiving the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow deposits. The detection host is in communication connection with the shielding antenna and is used for controlling the shielding antenna to transmit high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves and receiving the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves which are fed back by the shielding antenna and reflected and/or refracted by debris flow deposits. The computer terminal is connected with the detection host machine in an optical fiber communication mode and used for obtaining high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves reflected and/or refracted by debris flow deposits and carrying out waveform processing on the electromagnetic pulse waves, and the lithium battery is connected with the detection host machine and the shielding antenna respectively and used for providing power supplies for the detection host machine and the shielding antenna. The shielding antenna can detect the thickness and layering of the soil layer within 10-15 m, and the antenna dipole interval of the shielding antenna is 0.5 m.
The method for detecting the thickness of debris flow accumulation is described by taking a certain debris flow ditch in a mountain area in Beijing city as an example, and comprises the following steps:
first, preparation work in earlier stage: and the shielding antenna is arranged in a direction vertical to the debris flow channel and is in communication connection with the detection host.
And step two, detecting the emission and the reception of the pulse wave: and controlling a transmitting antenna of the shielding antenna to transmit high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves to the debris flow deposit by using the detection host, and receiving the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow deposit by using a receiving antenna of the shielding antenna. The raw data collected is shown in fig. 2.
Thirdly, the data processing process: and transmitting the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow accumulation in the second step to a detection host. And the reflected and/or refracted high-frequency electromagnetic pulse wave waveform processing is carried out in the computer terminal. The processed data pattern is shown in fig. 3.
The waveform processing sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) correcting the waveform label: the mark interval in the oscillogram is revised to be the actual marking interval, the equidistant marking is adopted in the scheme, therefore, the marking distance is set to be the actual marking interval, the mark which is marked in the non-equidistant marking is unified with the actual distance and the mark through revising the single marking distance, the mark and the oscillogram are unified and can not be misplaced after being corrected, and the oscillogram corresponding to the mark and the distance coordinate is obtained.
(2) And (3) removing an air layer: a static correction method for eliminating interference between the shielding antenna and the ground clearance is adopted, a point with the strongest amplitude in the head wave, namely the first wave crest in the waveform is selected, the upper area of the designated point is air, and the data of the point is set to be 0 so as to remove an air layer.
(3) Distortion removal processing: the average traces are extracted, a running average is calculated for each value of each trace over time, and the running average is subtracted from the actual value to remove the amplitude offset of the deep signal.
(4) Gain processing: and multiplying the data after the distortion removal processing by a scaling factor of 0.3-0.4 to obtain gain processed data.
(5) And (3) carrying out horizontal signal removal processing on the waveform after the gain processing: here, an averaging method is used which acts on a selected number of traces, which is decimated and averaged for the selected number of traces in each time period, with a parametric averaging trace set to 500 to obtain data for the de-level signal processing.
(6) Performing band-pass filtering processing on the waveform subjected to the horizontal signal removing processing: the filter band is specified by setting two frequency values, the first point and the second point respectively determine a low-cut frequency and a high-cut frequency, and the frequency spectrums below the low-cut frequency and above the high-cut frequency are set to be 0 so as to remove useless frequency band signals in the whole signal frequency band range. The selected antenna frequency must be included in the filtered band.
(7) And (3) performing moving average processing on the waveform after the band-pass filtering processing: and performing moving average on the selected tracks in each time period, wherein the effect is to inhibit noise and the effect is represented by energy consistency in the horizontal direction.
And fourthly, dividing a waveform diagram corresponding to the waveform data processed in the third step, mainly searching stratum interfaces through the continuity of the same-phase axis and the strength of a reflected signal, determining the number of layers according to the number of the grouped waveforms, and picking up the depth of the strongest point of the amplitude to delineate the stratum interfaces so as to obtain the thickness and layering of the debris flow deposit. The delamination, thickness results are finally obtained as shown in fig. 4.
The invention adopts a high-resolution shielding antenna to transmit high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves, obtains reflected and/or refracted electromagnetic pulse waves according to the larger difference of the physical properties of underground media, and is received and recorded by a receiving antenna of the shielding antenna. In addition, some series of data processing is performed on the received electromagnetic pulse wave to obtain an accurate debris flow deposit thickness. Compared with the prior art, the method has prominent substantive features and remarkable progress, and has wide market prospect in the technical field of geological detection.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, but all the modifications made by the principles of the present invention and the non-inventive efforts based on the above-mentioned embodiments shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A debris flow accumulation thickness detection method based on geological radar technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
at least 2 shielding antennas which are configured, are formed by adopting a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna in a set manner and are used for transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves to the debris flow accumulation and receiving the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow accumulation;
the detection host is in communication connection with the shielding antenna and is used for controlling the shielding antenna to transmit high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves and receiving the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves which are fed back by the shielding antenna and reflected and/or refracted by debris flow deposits;
a computer terminal connected with the detection host machine in optical fiber communication for obtaining the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse wave reflected and/or refracted by debris flow, and performing waveform processing on the electromagnetic pulse wave, and
the lithium battery is respectively connected with the detection host and the shielding antenna and is used for providing a power supply for the detection host and the shielding antenna;
the debris flow deposit thickness detection method comprises the following steps:
step S1, the shielding antenna is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the debris flow channel and is in communication connection with a detection host;
step S2, the emission antenna of the shielding antenna is controlled by the detection host to emit high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves to the debris flow deposit, and the receiving antenna of the shielding antenna is used to receive the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse waves reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow deposit;
step S3, transmitting the high-frequency electromagnetic pulse wave reflected and/or refracted by the debris flow deposit in the step S2 to a detection host; and the reflected and/or refracted high-frequency electromagnetic pulse wave waveform processing is carried out in the computer terminal;
the waveform processing sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) correcting the waveform label;
(2) removing an air layer from the corrected waveform by a static correction method;
(3) carrying out distortion removal treatment on the waveform without the air layer by adopting an average channel extraction method;
(4) performing gain processing on the waveform subjected to the distortion processing;
(5) carrying out horizontal signal removal processing on the waveform after the gain processing by adopting an average value method;
(6) performing band-pass filtering processing on the waveform subjected to the horizontal signal removal processing;
(7) performing moving average processing on the waveform subjected to the band-pass filtering processing;
and step S4, dividing the waveform diagram corresponding to the waveform data processed in the step S3 to obtain the thickness and layering of the debris flow deposit.
2. The method for detecting the thickness of the debris flow accumulation based on the geological radar technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wave shape label correction eliminates the error between the selected distance and the actual distance of the shielding antenna installation by modifying the label interval correction in step S3.
3. The method for detecting the thickness of the debris flow accumulation based on the geological radar technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the band-pass filtering process is a recursive filtering process in the time domain of the waveform in step S3.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S3 is performed by performing a sliding smoothing process on the waveform after the recursive filtering process to suppress noise.
5. The method for detecting the thickness of the debris flow accumulation based on the geological radar technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frequency of the shielding antenna is 100 MHz.
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| WO2016095208A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Method and system for detecting geological structure of extraterrestrial solid celestial body by employing single transmitting and multi-receiving radar |
| CN106646459A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-05-10 | 山东农业大学 | Method for quickly detecting thickness of road engineering concrete cushion by using ground penetrating radar |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN203149134U (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-08-21 | 黑龙江科技学院 | Ground penetrating radar for geological exploration |
| CN103278814A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-04 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Method for measuring lunar soil dielectric coefficient by using single-transmitting and double-receiving lunar surface ground penetrating radar |
| CN104360344A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-02-18 | 西安科技大学 | Algorithm for detecting thickness of upper protection layer on coal mine working face on basis of radio wave loss characteristics |
| WO2016095208A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Method and system for detecting geological structure of extraterrestrial solid celestial body by employing single transmitting and multi-receiving radar |
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