CN109061572A - DDS realizes the four-way T/R component realization method of digital phase shift as local oscillator - Google Patents
DDS realizes the four-way T/R component realization method of digital phase shift as local oscillator Download PDFInfo
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- CN109061572A CN109061572A CN201810640230.2A CN201810640230A CN109061572A CN 109061572 A CN109061572 A CN 109061572A CN 201810640230 A CN201810640230 A CN 201810640230A CN 109061572 A CN109061572 A CN 109061572A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
Abstract
The invention belongs to radar microwave transmitting-receiving subassembly field, in particular to a kind of four-way T/R component realization method for realizing digital phase shift as local oscillator by DDS.DDS is exported the third local oscillator as four-way T/R component transmitting path by the present invention, clock signal of the second local oscillator generated by radar frequency synthesizer as DDS;Radar system is input to the channel each road T/R after carrying out function point, is then mixed with three local oscillators, the digital phase shift to entire transmitting path can be realized by the phase controlling to DDS, achieve the purpose that phased-array radar Wave beam forming using centralized waveform generator.Beam-control code of the invention uses differential serial signals, can be interference-free with long distance transmission, and the phase code in four channels T/R is serially sent by agreement, is not increased control line quantity and is easy to extend.
Description
Technical field
It is the invention belongs to radar microwave transmitting-receiving subassembly field, in particular to a kind of to realize that number is moved as local oscillator by DDS
The four-way T/R component realization method of phase.
Background technique
With the application of phased-array radar, the integrated level of T/R component require it is higher and higher, transmitting path and receiving path
Phase controlling also becomes even more important, controls digit and precision is to measure the key technology of phase shift performance.The phase of receiving path
Position control mostly uses DBF (Digital Beam Forming) technology to be achieved without and increase hardware circuit in the channel, but sends out
Penetrate the phase controlling of access at present frequently be to be realized by digital phase shifter or by DDS (Direct Digital
Synthesizer while) generating transmitted waveform and the mode of phase shift is carried out to realize.
Traditional digital phase shifter mostly uses PIN pipe to realize, limited bits, and price is high, and currently used is 6 or 8
Phase shifter, and each transmitting path at least needs a phase shifter, it is overall comparatively, quality weight, volume are big.
Although being moved can solve conventional digital phase shifter while DDS generates transmitted waveform and by way of carrying out phase shift
The limited problem of number of phases, but there is limitation in performance and in mode in output signal.In general, transmitting needed for radar
Waveform catalog is more, modulation system is complicated, and higher for the demand on signal quality of transmitted waveform, and DDS exports linear frequency modulation letter
It is fairly simple for number, but for nonlinear frequency modulation, phase-coded signal, implement complex, and DDS is defeated
The phase noise of signal, spurious reduction index are relatively low out, often to improve to meet signal quality and want to DDS chip
It asks, controls it chip FPGA (Field Programmable Gate to realize that the generation of complicated wave form will be improved
Array performance requirement) directly results in the increase of design cost.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of background technique, the present invention provides a kind of four-ways for realizing digital phase shift as local oscillator by DDS
Road T/R component realization method.DDS is exported the third local oscillator as four-way T/R component transmitting path by this method, by radar frequency
Clock signal of the second local oscillator that rate synthesizer generates as DDS;Radar system carries out function point using centralized waveform generator
After be input to the channel each road T/R, be then mixed with three local oscillators, can be realized by the phase controlling to DDS to entire hair
The digital phase shift for penetrating access achievees the purpose that phased-array radar Wave beam forming, to it goes without doing the special requirement of the performance of DDS.It adopts
Take centralized waveform generator that the waveform output of high-performance, multi-mode may be implemented, and four transmittings may be implemented in monolithic DDS
The phase shift of access, monolithic A/D can the echo-signal to four receiving paths carry out digital sample processing, after being converted by light at
For fiber-optic signal output, the integrated level and transmission range of design are considerably increased.Beam-control code uses differential serial signals, Ke Yichang
Distance Transmission is interference-free, and the phase code in four channels T/R is serially sent by agreement, do not increase control line quantity and
It is easy to extend.
The technical scheme is that the four-way T/R component realization side of digital phase shift is realized as local oscillator by DDS
Method, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1: two local oscillators that radar frequency synthesizer generates are divided after processing module by function handles mould directly as DDS
The clock reference signal of block, three local oscillators by the output of DDS processing module as the transmitting path in the channel T/R;
Step 2: intermediate frequency waveform is generated using radar centralization waveform generator and is supplied to four-way T/R component, by function
The four road channels T/R are input to after point processing module, then three is carried out with three local oscillators and is mixed;
Step 3: a local oscillator that radar frequency synthesizer generates, two local oscillators are by being supplied to four tunnels after function point processing module
Two frequency mixers, a frequency mixer for T/R channel interior forms transmitting signal by transmitting path and is emitted after circulator by antenna again
It goes out;The received four tunnels echo-signal of antenna is converted into light after giving A/D module and light conversion module after being received by receiving path
Optical fiber signaling output;
Step 4: FPGA carries out serial-to-parallel conversion to the beam-control code that radar wave control extension set is sent and does decoding process shape
At the phase control words of DDS, realizes to long number, the exact and digital phase shifting of four tunnel transmitting paths, reach phased-array radar wave
The purpose that beam is formed.
The beneficial effect is that: both made full use of DDS phase shift simple possible, digit is more, precision is high, price is lower, it is small in size,
The advantages that channel is more, overcome that conventional digital phase shifter price is high, digit is limited, integrated level is low, weight is big, each channel is both needed to
The problem of one phase shifter, and radar centralization waveform generator is used, solve output when generating wavy manner by DDS
The problem that signal phase noise, spurious reduction index are relatively low, waveform catalog is limited, facilitates and realizes more systems, multiple types, height
The waveform of performance generates.And this kind of scheme can be convenient and carry out channel expansion, external radio frequency cable and beam-control code control line without
It needs to increase.
Realize that the four-way T/R component realization method of digital phase shift, feature exist as local oscillator as described above by DDS
In: three local oscillators generate in the step 1 method particularly includes: two local oscillators of T/R component are carried out isolation function point, all the way conduct
The clock signal of DDS, the clock signal after in addition dividing all the way as FPGA, the control word of DDS is generated by FPGA, DDS is accordingly
It generates the output of four tunnels and gives the channel every road T/R as three local oscillators.The beneficial effect is that: the local oscillator is single-frequency continuous wave and is two
Shake integral frequency divisioil relationship, output signal spectrum is clean, and can phase shift with high precision, conventional DDS chip can meet the requirements, and drop
Low design difficulty and cost.Two local oscillators reduce the generation of two-way radiofrequency signal directly as the clock reference of DDS and FPGA
And cable connection.
Realize that the four-way T/R component realization method of digital phase shift, feature exist as local oscillator as described above by DDS
In: three local oscillators are mixed with intermediate frequency waveform in the step 2 method particularly includes: radar system is using centralized waveform generator
It generates the high performance intermediate frequency waveform signal of multi-mode and is input to function point processing module, four road function are carried out inside function point processing module
Point, amplification, be input to the transmitting path in the four road channels T/R after filtering, be then mixed with three local oscillation signals, third is originally bestirred oneself
For high local oscillator, the output frequency of radar centralization waveform generator is reduced, more flexible more advanced design can be used
Mode facilitates and realizes that more systems, multiple types, high performance intermediate frequency waveform generate.
Realize that the four-way T/R component realization method of digital phase shift, feature exist as local oscillator as described above by DDS
In: the generation and four tunnel echo-signals for emitting signal in the step 3 switch to fiber-optic signal output method particularly includes: radar
The intermediate frequency waveform that a local oscillator, two local oscillators and the radar centralization waveform generator that frequency synthesizer generates generate is in function point processing mould
Four tunnels, one local oscillator, two local oscillators and intermediate frequency waveform signal are generated respectively after the processing such as function point, Isolation in block, give four
The road channel T/R;In the channel every road T/R, three local oscillators are mixed with intermediate frequency waveform, amplify filtering processing after generate and believe in transmitting two
Number, transmitting two in signal be mixed again with two local oscillators, amplify filtering processing after obtain emit one in signal, emit one in signal again with
Transmitting pumping signal is obtained after the mixing of one local oscillator, amplification filtering processing, transmitting pumping signal forms transmitting after carrying out power amplification
Signal, which is sent via circulator to antenna, to be launched;Received echo-signal after clipping, low noise, bandpass filtering with one
Vibration mixing obtains receiving signal in one after amplification filtering processing, then be mixed with two local oscillators, amplify to filter and obtain intermediate frequency echo and believe
Number;The four road echo signal of intermediate frequency in four channels give monolithic four-way A/D, become after digital sample processing and light conversion
Fiber-optic signal output.The beneficial effect is that: all radiofrequency signals are single channel input, and inside carries out the processing such as function point, are reduced
The connection quantity and difficulty of external cable increase the integrated level of system, reduce weight and volume, and be easy to extend.Monolithic
The digital sample of four-way may be implemented in A/D, and the integrated level and transmission range of design are considerably increased by optical fiber conversion.
Realize that the four-way T/R component realization method of digital phase shift, feature exist as local oscillator as described above by DDS
In: high-precision phase shift in the step 4 method particularly includes: the beam-control code that FPGA sends radar wave control extension set is decoded,
Four tunnel control words are generated to DDS according to decoded phase code, the adjustment of phase can be realized in three local oscillators of DDS output, thus
Complete the high-precision phase shift of four transmitting paths.The beneficial effect is that: the four road channels T/R share a DDS module, and beam-control code is adopted
Sent with serial, the phase code in the four road channels T/R is identical with single channel phase code control line quantity, realization high-precision, long number,
Simple controllable phase shift simultaneously, preferably increases integrated level, the scalability of component design, reduces volume, weight and cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: four-way T/R assembly principle block diagram.
Fig. 2: the detailed composition block diagram in the single channel T/R.
Fig. 3: working-flow figure.
Explanation of nouns:
DDS processing module: the module formed using DDS and FPGA as the circuit of core and relevant clock synthetic circuit,
Clock synthetic circuit provides work clock to DDS and FPGA, and DDS is generated under the control of FPGA can be with three local oscillators of phase shift.
The channel T/R: transmitting/receiving channel, including function point processing, circulator, transmitting path and receiving path, are four-ways
The important component of T/R component.
Specific embodiment
Core of the invention thought is: realizing the four-way T/R component realization side of digital phase shift as local oscillator by DDS
Method, is described further the present invention below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, and the embodiment of the present invention is phased in a kind of S-band
It is realized on battle array radar.
As shown in figure 3, the embodiment of the present invention successively includes the following steps:
One, DDS is exported conduct by two local oscillators of T/R component directly as the clock reference signal of DDS by step S101
Three local oscillators of T/R component transmitting path.
Two local frequencies of T/R component are 400MHz, divide in processing module 401 in 1 function of attached drawing and carry out function point, isolation, filter
After wave, five road signals are generated, wherein two local oscillators 1~4 of the four road signals as the channel T/R 1 101 to the channel T/R 4 104, in addition
Clock reference as DDS processing module 402 all the way, the clock reference carry out clock synthesis in DDS processing module 402,
In the clock signal as DDS in DDS processing module 402 all the way, in addition carry out four frequency dividings all the way and become 100MHz, as DDS
The clock signal of FPGA in processing module 402 guarantees DDS and FPGA and radar system coherent.Then FPGA generates the control of DDS
Word, generate under default conditions the point frequency continuous wave that four tunnel phases are 0 degree, frequency is 80MHz be used as the channel T/R 1 101 to
Three local oscillators 1~4 in the channel T/R 4 104, other phase changes are then controlled by beam-control code at work.In this way, DDS
Output signal be single-frequency continuous wave and be DDS clock signal frequency five frequency dividing relationships, output signal spectrum is clean, conventional DDS
Chip can be met the requirements, and reduce design difficulty and cost.The clock signal of DDS and FPGA is on the basis of two local oscillation signals
It generates, it is not necessary that two clock signals are provided separately outside radar again, reduces the generation and cable connection of two-way radiofrequency signal.
Two, it is defeated to be supplied to four-way T/R component using radar centralization waveform generator generation intermediate frequency waveform by step S102
Enter end, carry out the transmitting path for being input to the channel each road T/R after function divides, three local oscillators carry out three with the intermediate frequency waveform and are mixed.
Radar system generates centre frequency 50MHz, more pulsewidths of bandwidth 2MHz, mostly week using centralized waveform generator
Phase, multi-mode the multi-modes such as intermediate frequency waveform signal, including nonlinear frequency modulation, linear frequency modulation, phase code, in 1 function of attached drawing point
Four road intermediate frequency waveforms 1~4 are generated after carrying out the processing such as function point, isolation, amplification filtering in processing module 401, are sent to the channel T/R 1
101 to the channel T/R 4 104 input terminal, three local oscillators in each channel T/R and the intermediate frequency waveform signal are mixed three in fig 2
It is mixed in frequency module T001, obtains signal in the transmitting two that centre frequency is 30MHz.
Three, step S103, a local oscillator, two local oscillators of input are supplied to two internal frequency mixers, one respectively after function point is handled
Frequency mixer and DDS form transmitting signal by transmitting path and are launched after circulator by antenna;Received four tunnel of antenna is returned
Wave signal gives A/D module after receiving path is handled and light conversion module is converted into fiber-optic signal output.
A local oscillator, two local oscillation signals from radar frequency synthesizer and the intermediate frequency from radar centralization waveform generator
Waveform gives function point processing module 401 in attached drawing 1, generates four tunnels, one local oscillator 1 respectively after the processing such as function point, Isolation
~4, two local oscillators 1~4 and intermediate frequency waveform 1~4 give the channel T/R 1 101 to the channel T/R 4 104.Four road T/R channels operations are former
Manage and form it is identical, now with wherein all the way the channel T/R for example, seeing attached drawing 2.
The channel every road T/R includes transmitting path, receiving path, function point processing and circulator, transmitting path and receiving path
It is required to a local oscillator and two local oscillators, in order to reduce external interconnection cable quantity, one local oscillator of every road that function divides processing module 401 to export
It is all amplified again in single T/R channel interior function point processing 011 with two local oscillators, the processing such as function point, Isolation, it is raw
At two-way one local oscillator TLO1, RLO1 and two local oscillator TLO2, RLO2 of two-way, two local frequencies are point frequency 400MHz, and a local oscillator has 21
A frequency point, frequency interval 10MHz.
Three local oscillators are mixed in T001 three with intermediate frequency waveform and are mixed, and amplify, filter in amplification filtering T002
Deng processing after generate transmitting two in signal, centre frequency 30MHz.Signal is mixed with two local oscillator TLO2 two again in transmitting two
It is mixed in T003, generates signal in transmitting one, centre frequency after amplification filters and the processing such as amplifies, filters in T004
For 370MHz.
Signal is mixed in T005 with a local oscillator TLO1 one again in transmitting one is mixed, and is carried out in amplification filtering T006
Transmitting pumping signal is generated after the processing such as amplification, filtering, frequency is S-band, 21 frequency points.Emit pumping signal in power amplification
Transmitting signal is formed after carrying out the processing such as power amplification, filtering in T007, is input in circulator 012 and is launched by antenna
It goes.
The received echo-signal of antenna gives low noise R002 after carrying out high-power limited amplitude protection in clipping R001, passes through
Bandpass filtering R003 is given after noiselike signal amplification, is mixed in a mixing R004 with a local oscillator RLO1 after filtering out logical out-of-band interference
Frequently, it is then generated after amplification filters and the processing such as amplifies, filters in R005 and receives signal in one, centre frequency is
370MHz。
Signal is mixed in R006 with two local oscillator RLO2 two again in reception one is mixed, and is carried out in amplification filtering R007
Echo signal of intermediate frequency, centre frequency 30MHz are obtained after the processing such as amplification, filtering.
Four channels T/R share four road echo signal of intermediate frequency, A/D module 403 are given respectively, after digital sample is handled
Light conversion 404 is given, fiber-optic signal output is converted into.
Four, step S104, FPGA carry out serial-to-parallel conversion to the beam-control code that radar wave control extension set is sent and decode
Processing forms the phase control words of DDS, realizes to long number, the exact and digital phase shifting of four tunnel transmitting paths, reaches phased array
The purpose that radar beam is formed.
In fig. 1, the beam-control code from radar wave control extension set is given in DDS processing module 402, which is difference
Signal, can be interference-free with long distance transmission, and the beam-control code is serial code, and the phase code in four channels T/R passes through agreement
It is serial to send, it is compared with the single channel T/R, does not increase control line quantity and be easy to extend.Beam-control code is in DDS processing module
Differential conversion is first passed through in 402 becomes single-ended signal, then carries out serial-to-parallel conversion to it by FPGA, solves four respectively
Then the corresponding phase control code in the road channel T/R regenerates four tunnel control words to DDS, DDS and changes output according to phase control code
Three local oscillation signal phases.According to the description of step S103, it can be seen that the change of three local oscillator phases finally changes transmitting letter
Number phase, thus realize transmitting path phase high-precision adjustment.
Using the technical solution of the present embodiment, DDS has 14 phase control words, can achieve 0.022 ° of phase shift essence
Degree, than 8 traditional bit phase shifters attainable 1.406 ° of phase shifting accuracy than be higher by several times, and a piece of DDS can facilitate
Realize the phase shift in the four road channels T/R, and traditional digital phase shifter then needs 8, price and volume advantage are all tradition phase-shiftings
What device cannot compare.This programme is compared with while DDS generates transmitted waveform and by way of carrying out phase shift, this programme
Waveform can facilitate and realize nonlinear frequency modulation, linear frequency modulation, phase code isotype and opposite to the performance requirement of FPGA and DDS
It is lower, cost and design difficulty can be reduced.
Using the technical solution of the present embodiment, it can be easier to realize the expansion of T/R port number or reduce without additional
Increase external radio frequency cable and control signal.Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and change to the present invention
Type is without departing from the principle and scope of the present invention.If being wanted in this way, these modification and variations of the invention belong to right of the present invention
Ask and its equivalent technologies within the scope of, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (4)
1.DDS realizes the four-way T/R component realization method of digital phase shift as local oscillator, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1: two local oscillators that radar frequency synthesizer generates are divided after processing module by function directly as DDS processing module
Clock reference, three local oscillators by the output of DDS processing module as the transmitting path in the channel T/R;Third local oscillator generates specific
Method are as follows: two local oscillators of function point processing module are subjected to isolation function point, all the way the clock letter as DDS inside DDS processing module
Number, the clock signal after in addition dividing all the way as FPGA inside DDS processing module is generated the control word of DDS, DDS by FPGA
The output of four tunnels is generated accordingly gives the channel every road T/R as three local oscillators;
Step 2: intermediate frequency waveform is generated using radar centralization waveform generator and is supplied to four-way T/R component, is existed respectively by function
The four road channels T/R are input to after reason module, then three is carried out with three local oscillators and is mixed;
Step 3: a local oscillator, two local oscillators of radar frequency synthesizer generation are logical by being supplied to four road T/R after function point processing module
Two frequency mixers, a frequency mixer inside road form transmitting signal by transmitting path and are launched after circulator by antenna again;
The received four tunnels echo-signal of antenna give A/D module after being received by receiving path and light conversion module to be converted into fiber-optic signal defeated
Out;
Step 4: FPGA carries out serial-to-parallel conversion and does decoding process to be formed to the beam-control code that radar wave control extension set is sent
The phase control words of DDS realize long number, exact and digital phase shifting to four tunnel transmitting paths.
2. the four-way T/R component realization method according to claim 1 for realizing digital phase shift as local oscillator by DDS,
It is characterized by: three local oscillators are mixed with intermediate frequency waveform in the step 2 method particularly includes: radar system is using centralized wave
Shape generator generate the high performance intermediate frequency waveform signal of multi-mode be input to function point processing module, function divide inside processing module into
It is input to the transmitting path in the four road channels T/R after four road function of row point, amplification, filtering, is then mixed with three local oscillation signals, the
Three local oscillators are as high local oscillator.
3. the four-way T/R component realization method according to claim 1 for realizing digital phase shift as local oscillator by DDS,
It is characterized by: the generation for emitting signal in the step 3 switchs to the specific method of fiber-optic signal output with four tunnel echo-signals
Are as follows: the intermediate frequency waveform that a local oscillator, two local oscillators and the radar centralization waveform generator that radar frequency synthesizer generates generate is in function
Generate four tunnels, one local oscillator, two local oscillators and intermediate frequency waveform letter in point processing module respectively after the processing such as function point, Isolation
Number, give the four road channels T/R;In the channel every road T/R, three local oscillators are mixed with intermediate frequency waveform, amplify generation hair after filtering processing
Penetrate signal in two, in transmitting two signal be mixed again with two local oscillators, amplify filtering processing after obtain emitting signal in one, emit in one
Signal is mixed with a local oscillator again, amplify filtering processing after obtain transmitting pumping signal, after transmitting pumping signal carries out power amplification
Formation transmitting signal, which is sent via circulator to antenna, to be launched;Received echo-signal passes through clipping, low noise, bandpass filtering
It is mixed afterwards with a local oscillator, obtains receiving signal in one after amplification filtering processing, then be mixed with two local oscillators, amplify and filter and obtain
Frequency echo-signal;The four road echo signal of intermediate frequency in four channels give monolithic four-way A/D, handle by digital sample and light turns
Become fiber-optic signal after changing to export.
4. the four-way T/R component realization method according to claim 1 for realizing digital phase shift as local oscillator by DDS,
It is characterized by: high-precision phase shift in the step 4 method particularly includes: the beam-control code that FPGA sends radar wave control extension set
It is decoded, four tunnel control words is generated to DDS according to decoded phase code, phase can be realized in three local oscillators of DDS output
Adjustment.
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Application publication date: 20181221 |