CN109060596B - Automatic measuring instrument and method for true density of fuel pellet - Google Patents
Automatic measuring instrument and method for true density of fuel pellet Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
- G01N2009/022—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of solids
- G01N2009/024—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of solids the volume being determined directly, e.g. by size of container
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种燃料芯块真密度自动测量仪及方法，该测量仪包括安装平台、输送模块、称重模块、机械转运手和体积测量模块。其中称重模块设置在安装平台中央的一侧边缘，在安装平台上另一侧位于称重模块的中央位置设置有机械转运手，输送模块固定在安装平台一端，在安装平台的另一端设置有体积测量模块，输送模块、机械转运手和体积测量模块位于安装平台上的同一侧。本发明方法通过测量气体置换法测量芯块的骨架体积，从而得到芯块的真密度。本发明装置结构简单，解决了浸渍法和光电测量法测密度误差大，测量不准确的缺陷。
The invention discloses an automatic measuring instrument and method for the true density of fuel pellets. The measuring instrument comprises an installation platform, a conveying module, a weighing module, a mechanical transfer hand and a volume measuring module. The weighing module is arranged on one edge of the center of the installation platform, and a mechanical transfer hand is arranged on the other side of the installation platform at the center of the weighing module. The conveying module is fixed at one end of the installation platform, and the other end of the installation platform is provided with a The volume measurement module, the conveying module, the mechanical transfer hand and the volume measurement module are located on the same side on the mounting platform. The method of the invention measures the skeleton volume of the pellet by measuring the gas displacement method, thereby obtaining the true density of the pellet. The device of the invention has a simple structure, and solves the defects of large density measurement error and inaccurate measurement by the dipping method and the photoelectric measurement method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of density measurement, and particularly relates to an automatic measuring instrument and method for true density of a fuel pellet.
Background
The fuel pellets are the core of the nuclear fuel element and are made of fissile material 235U and 239 Pu. Nuclear fuels can be classified into metal type, ceramic type and dispersion type, and clad materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zirconium alloy and stainless steel are coated outside. The surface of the fuel pellets must be mechanically polished to ensure a fit with the cladding material. In order to adapt to the irradiation expansion of the fuel pellet, the upper surface and the lower surface of the pellet are pressed into a concave dish shape, a small through hole is arranged in the middle of the pellet, and the whole sintered geometric body is an irregular special-shaped surface. The pellet has small volume (phi (4-8 mm) × h (8-14 mm)) and is difficult to accurately measure by adopting the traditional dipping method and the photoelectric measurement method. The dipping method is adopted, because the middle part of the core block is provided with the small hole which has air tightness, the liquid is difficult to be fully dipped into the measured volume, and the accuracy is difficult to be ensured. Meanwhile, the core block has irradiation characteristics, the post-treatment of the measured liquid is complex, the use cost of a user is increased, the measured density is only the surface volume, the obtained density is only the apparent volume, the error with the actual density of the core block is large, the automation degree is low, manual whole-process matching operation is required, the operation is complicated, and the damage to an operator in the irradiation environment is large.
Therefore, an automatic device for measuring the true density of the fuel pellet is urgently needed to effectively solve the problems that the dipping method has large error in measuring the density of the pellet, low automation degree, manual whole-course manual operation is needed, the physical health of operators is influenced by direct operation, the labor cost of a user is increased, the post-treatment of the immersion liquid is complicated, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an automatic measuring instrument and a method for the true density of the fuel pellet, which can automatically measure the density of the fuel pellet in an irradiation environment, solve the problem of large density measurement error of an immersion method and a photoelectric measurement method, realize automation, remotely operate and finish measurement of the true density of the pellet, and realize remote operation of an operator in a non-irradiation environment.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention is specifically realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a real density automatic measurement appearance of fuel pellet, includes mounting platform, mounting platform on one side of central authorities install weighing module, the hand is transported with the opposite side of the corresponding position of weighing module to the machinery is installed to the opposite side on mounting platform, the machinery transport the both sides of hand and install respectively and carry module and volume measurement module, volume measurement module include first measuring unit and second measuring unit, first measuring unit fix on the mount pad through the lift slide, the mount pad fix on mounting platform, second measuring unit fix on mounting platform and with first measuring unit corresponding setting in opposite directions.
The mounting platform is of a concave structure, the coating piece is arranged on the edge of the mounting platform, and flanges are formed around the mounting platform to prevent the core block from falling to the lower layer.
The weighing module install in the breach department of indent, weighing module bottom be provided with manual elevating platform, be convenient for maintain and overhaul weighing module.
The conveying module comprises a tray and a pneumatic sliding table, the tray is arranged on the pneumatic sliding table, and the tray moves along a slide way on the side edge of the pneumatic sliding table; a sample container is fixed to the center of the tray.
The first measuring unit belongs to a reference bin; the second measuring unit belongs to the sample bin and is used for placing the measured core blocks; and the interface of the first measuring unit and the second measuring unit is sealed by a silica gel sealing ring.
The bottom surface of the corresponding position of the mounting platform and the lifting slide seat is provided with a jacking cylinder, and the jacking cylinder is connected with the lifting slide seat and used for controlling the first measuring unit to ascend or descend.
The mechanical transfer hand comprises a rotary table, a lifting cylinder, a rotating shaft, a clamping jaw and a supporting seat, wherein the rotary table is arranged on an installation platform, the supporting seat is arranged on the upper portion of the rotary table, the lifting cylinder is located in the supporting seat, the rotating shaft is connected with the lifting cylinder, and the clamping jaw is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft through a transverse rod in a suspension manner.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring true density of fuel pellets, comprising the steps of:
placing the pellet to be tested and the sample container in a testing cavity, evacuating gas in the testing cavity and a reference cavity, closing an exhaust valve, recording pressure P1 when the pressure is stable, wherein the testing cavity and the reference cavity have the same volume and are communicated, and a testing valve is arranged on a communication channel;
closing the test valve, injecting gas into the reference cavity and recording the stabilized pressure P2;
opening the test valve, communicating the sample test chamber with the reference chamber and recording the stabilized pressure P3;
measuring respectively the total mass M of the pellet to be measured and the sample container0；
Calculating to obtain the true density of the pellet to be measured according to a formula (1):
wherein M is1Representing the mass of the sample container, V1Denotes the volume of the test chamber, V2Denotes the reference cavity volume, V3Representing the sample container volume.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a measuring device and a method for measuring the true density of a fuel pellet, the device adopts automatic operation, can avoid the injury to operators due to the irradiation characteristic of the fuel pellet, and can remotely operate to finish the measurement of the true density of the pellet. Meanwhile, the method for measuring the density of the glass fiber solves the defects of large density measurement error and inaccurate measurement of a dipping method and a photoelectric measurement method, and is simple and practical. The method has the following advantages:
1) the mechanical transfer hand adopts a rotary feeding mode to finish the transfer of multi-station fuel pellets, the structure is simple, the lifting adopts a pneumatic mode and a normally closed clamping jaw, the positioning of each station is carried out through a single-ring magnetoelectricity absolute encoder, the cost is lower than that of a joint manipulator, and the control is simpler than that of a Cartesian coordinate robot;
2) the volume measurement module is characterized in that a reference bin is designed into a lifting mechanism, guide is adopted, and a cylinder pushes the lifting mechanism to lift, so that the volume measurement module is a basis for automatically measuring the density of the fuel pellets;
3) the weighing module is arranged on the manual lifting platform, so that the maintenance is convenient, and the irradiation time of maintenance personnel is reduced;
5) the pellet conveying module adopts a pneumatic sliding table form, and the pneumatic sliding table is provided with a protective cover to prevent pellets from falling in gaps after falling accidentally, so that personnel cannot pick up the pellets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring instrument of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the mounting platform of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a weighing module of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a transport module of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the volume measuring unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a mechanical transfer hand of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of the housing of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. mounting platform, 2, weighing module, 21, analytical balance, 22, protection casing, 23, manual elevating platform, 3, mechanical transfer hand, 31, supporting seat, 32, pivot, 33, gripper jaw, 34, lift cylinder, 35, right proximity switch, 36, magnetoelectric single-turn absolute encoder, 37, revolving platform, 38, left proximity switch, 4, conveying module, 41, tray, 42, sample container, 43, pneumatic sliding table, 44, mechanical limiting block, 5, volume measurement module, 51, mounting seat, 52, lift slide, 53, first measuring unit, 54, second measuring unit, 55, jacking cylinder, 6, casing, 61, peep glass window, 62, glove hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an automatic measuring instrument for the true density of fuel pellets aiming at the technical defects of inaccurate measurement of the density of the fuel pellets and large operation hazard, and the measuring instrument comprises an installation platform 1, a conveying module 4, a weighing module 2, a mechanical transfer hand 3 and a volume measuring module 5 as shown in figure 1. Wherein weighing module 2 sets up in the one side edge in mounting platform 1 central authorities, and the central point that the opposite side lies in weighing module 2 on mounting platform 1 puts and is provided with mechanical transfer hand 3, and transport module 4 fixes in mounting platform 1 one end, is provided with volume measurement module 5 at mounting platform 1's the other end, and transport module 4, mechanical transfer hand 3 and volume measurement module 5 lie in the same one side on mounting platform 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the mounting platform 1 is a concave structure, the coating member is arranged along the edge of the mounting platform 1, the flanges are formed around the mounting platform 1 to prevent the core block from falling to the lower layer, the bottom of the mounting platform 1 is fixed by a frame, the frame is formed by welding a standard section bar and removing stress, and the mounting platform 1 is made of 316 stainless steel.
As shown in FIG. 3, the weighing module 2 is installed at the concave gap, a manual lifting platform 23 is arranged at the bottom of the weighing module 2, and the manual lifting platform 23 is fixed below the installation platform 1 through a bracket. In the embodiment, the weighing module 2 adopts a ten-thousandth analytical balance 21, a protective cover 22 is arranged outside the analytical balance 21, the protective cover 22 is fixed with the mounting platform 1, and a circuit processing unit of the analytical balance 21 is wrapped by the protective cover 22 filled with lead sand with the thickness of 12mm, so that the damage of electric elements sensitive to radiation inside the protective cover is avoided. The manual elevating platform 23 is used for adjusting the height of the analytical balance 21, and is convenient for maintenance and overhaul. Because the protective cover 22 is heavy, when the analytical balance 21 is maintained or repaired, the maintenance and the repair can be completed only by lifting the manual lifting table 23, and the maintainability and the repairability of the equipment are improved.
As shown in fig. 4, the conveying module 4 includes a tray 41 and a pneumatic sliding table 43, the tray 41 is disposed on the pneumatic sliding table 43, the tray 41 moves along a slide way on the side of the pneumatic sliding table 43, mechanical limit blocks 44 are respectively disposed at two ends of the slide way, and a sample container 42 is fixed at the center of the tray 41 and used for transferring the pellet to be tested from the feeding station to the taking station. The conveying module 4 is wrapped by a closing plate made of 316 materials, so that the core blocks are prevented from falling into gaps of the conveying module, and manual picking is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 5, the volume measuring module 5 includes a first measuring unit 53 and a second measuring unit 54, the first measuring unit 53 is fixed on the mounting base 51 through the lifting slide 52, the mounting base 51 is fixed on the mounting platform 1, and the second measuring unit 54 is fixed on the mounting platform 1 and is arranged opposite to the first measuring unit 53. The first measuring unit 53 belongs to the reference bin; the second measuring unit 54 belongs to the sample bin and is used for placing the measured core blocks; the interface between the first measuring unit 53 and the second measuring unit 54 is sealed by a silica gel sealing ring. The bottom surface of the mounting platform 1 corresponding to the lifting slide 52 is provided with a jacking cylinder 55, and the jacking cylinder 55 is connected with the lifting slide 52 and used for controlling the first measuring unit 53 to ascend or descend.
The initial state jacking cylinder 55 is retracted and the first measuring unit 53 is combined with the second measuring unit 45. When the mechanical transfer hand 3 transfers the core block to be measured to the weighing station, the jacking cylinder 55 extends out, and the first measuring unit 53 is separated from the second measuring unit 54. The mechanical transfer hand 3 transfers the pellets from the weighing position into the second measuring unit 54, the mechanical transfer hand 3 and the jacking cylinder 55 are retracted and the gripping jaws 33 are opened to place the pellets. The mechanical transfer hand 3 and the jacking air 55 cylinder extend out, the clamping claw 33 is closed, and the weighing station is moved. The jacking cylinder 55 is retracted and the first measuring unit 53 moves down to seal in conjunction with the second measuring unit 54. The pellet volume measurement is started.
As shown in fig. 6, the mechanical transfer hand 3 includes a rotary table 37, a lifting cylinder 34, a rotating shaft 32, a clamping claw 33 and a supporting seat 31, the rotary table 37 is disposed on the mounting platform 1, the supporting seat 31 is disposed on the upper portion of the rotary table 37, the lifting cylinder 34 is disposed in the supporting seat 31, the rotating shaft 32 is connected with the lifting cylinder 34, the lifting cylinder 34 drives the rotating shaft 32 to lift, and an adjustable mechanical limit block 44 is mounted on the rotating shaft 32 for adjusting and positioning. The clamping claw 33 is suspended through a transverse rod and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 32, the clamping claw 33 is installed on the normally closed clamping cylinder, and even if the normally closed clamping cylinder is in a gas-off rotating state, the core block can be prevented from falling. The mechanical transfer hand 3 transfers the measured core blocks and the sample containers 42 from the origin (material taking station) to the weighing platform and the volume measuring module 5 respectively, and weight and volume measurement is completed. A magnetoelectric single-turn absolute encoder 36 is arranged at the bottom of the rotary table 37 and used for controlling the rotation angle of the rotary table 37, a mechanical left proximity switch 38 and a mechanical right proximity switch 35 are arranged at the left limit position and the right limit position of the rotary table 37, and limit blocks are arranged at the same time.
After the pellet volume is measured, the jacking cylinder 55 is extended, and the first measuring unit 53 is separated from the second measuring unit 54. The mechanical transfer hand 3 moves from the weighing station to the second measuring unit 54, the clamping jaw 33 is opened, the lifting cylinder 34 retracts, the clamping jaw is closed when the core block is grabbed, the lifting cylinder 32 extends, the core block is transferred to the initial material taking position, and the process of measuring the volume of the core block framework is completed.
As shown in fig. 7, the measuring instrument further comprises a housing 6, the housing 6 is made of 316 stainless steel, a peeping glass window 61 is arranged right in front of and on one side of the housing 6, two glove holes 62 are arranged below the peeping glass window 61 right in front, and access openings are arranged right in front, on the back and on one side of the housing 6, an illuminating lamp is arranged inside the housing 6, and an opening of the housing 6 is sealed by a silica gel pad. The shell 6 is fixed on the mounting platform 1.
The peeping glass window 61 of the shell 6 is provided with a camera for monitoring the condition in the box, the outgoing line mode in the shell 6 adopts a vacuum aerial connector to realize electrical connection with an external control cabinet, and the pneumatic circuit adopts a quick connector to connect with an air source, so that the sealing property of the shell 6 is ensured.
When the measuring instrument is used, the lifting cylinder 34 of the mechanical transfer hand 3 rises, the clamping claw 33 opens, the tray 41 of the conveying module 4 moves to the discharging station, after the rotary table 37 of the mechanical transfer hand 3 rotates for 45 degrees, the lifting cylinder 34 descends to the right position, and the clamping claw 33 closes the claw to take the core block to be measured. The lifting cylinder 34 rises, the mechanical transfer hand 3 transfers the pellets to be measured to the weighing module 2, after the pellets to be measured are heavy, the mechanical transfer hand 3 transfers the sample containers 42 to the volume measuring module 5 from the weighing module 2, the volume measurement is completed, and the calculation is carried out according to the measuring result.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the true density of the fuel pellet, which comprises the following steps:
in the design of the instrument, the core block volume measurement applies an Archimedes principle-gas expansion displacement method, inert gas with small molecular diameter is utilized, and the skeleton volume (containing closed pores) of a sample is accurately tested by measuring the volume of gas exhausted by the sample in a test cavity under certain conditions according to the Bohr's law (PV ═ nRT), so that the true density is obtained, and the true density is equal to mass/skeleton volume.
The gas expansion displacement method is a method of measuring the volume displaced by a sample by replacing a liquid with a gas. The method can avoid the test error caused by sample dissolution and soaking in the immersion method, and has the advantage of no damage to the sample. Because gas can penetrate into very small pores and surface irregularities in the sample, the sample volume is measured closer to the skeletal volume of the sample. Thus, the calculated density value is also closer to the true density of the sample. The test system comprises test chamber and benchmark chamber, specifically as follows:
total mass of pellet and sample container to be measured: m0(g)；
Total volume of the core block to be detected and the sample container framework: v0(cm3) (to be tested);
test chamber volume: v1(cm3)；
Reference cavity volume: v2(cm3)；
Sample container quality: m1(g)；
Volume of sample container: v3(cm3)。
Placing the pellet to be tested and the sample container in a testing cavity, evacuating gas in the testing cavity and a reference cavity, closing an exhaust valve, recording pressure P1 when the pressure is stable, wherein the testing cavity and the reference cavity have the same volume and are communicated, and a testing valve is arranged on a communication channel;
closing the test valve, injecting gas into the reference cavity and recording the stabilized pressure P2;
opening the test valve, communicating the sample test chamber with the reference chamber and recording the stabilized pressure P3;
the total molar amount of gas in the test chamber and the reference chamber before and after opening the test valve is equal, and thus it can be seen that:
P1(V1-V0)+P2V2＝P3[(V1-V0)+V2]
i.e. V0＝V1-(P2-P3)V2/(P3-P1)
Thus, the volume of the pellet and the sample container can be obtained.
Calculating pellet volume: v is V0-V3；
And (3) measuring the total mass of the pellets to be measured and the sample container by adopting an analytical balance: m0;
measuring the quality of the pellet to be measured: m is M0-M1
Obtaining the density of the pellets to be detected:
namely:
although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
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| CN117949344B (en) * | 2024-03-27 | 2024-07-16 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Titanium and titanium alloy electrode integrated forming density detection device |
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Denomination of invention: A fuel pellet true density automatic measuring instrument and method Granted publication date: 20211228 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Corporation Mianyang Branch Pledgor: SICHUAN TONGREN PRECISION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2025980020500 |