CN109054862A - 具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109054862A
CN109054862A CN201811135077.4A CN201811135077A CN109054862A CN 109054862 A CN109054862 A CN 109054862A CN 201811135077 A CN201811135077 A CN 201811135077A CN 109054862 A CN109054862 A CN 109054862A
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韩杰
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Abstract

本发明属于液晶材料领域,具体公开了一种具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物及其制备方法。该化合物具有BTP所示的结构,其合成步骤短、操作简单、收率高。通过改变分子周围烷氧基链的数目和长度调控化合物BTP的液晶性能,可得到液晶相丰富(包括向列相及近晶相)、熔点及清亮点低、液晶温度范围宽、且发射蓝色荧光的双功能材料。该类化合物在液晶显示及光电材料领域具有广泛应用前景。

Description

具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于液晶材料技术领域,具体涉及苯并噻吩类液晶化合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
在杂环液晶化合物中,分子中的横向偶极矩显著影响分子间作用力,从而改变分子的排列方式。因此,相对于苯环类液晶化合物,杂环类液晶的相转变温度、介电性以及光学性质均会有较大的改变。此外,杂环类液晶化合物因其优异的光电性能被广泛应用于高速光电响应液晶显示器、电化学传感器、偏振发光器件、光信息存储、场效应晶体管、有机发光二极管以及具有铁电性的光开关等领域。
苯并噻吩化合物具有大的富电子芳香体系,且噻吩环中的硫原子产生的横向偶极距,能够影响分子的几何形状和极化率。通常,苯并噻吩类液晶材料具有粘度低、双折射率高、转换时间快等优良特性,是近年来液晶材料领域的研究热点之一。
2000年,Seed等设计合成了两个苯并[b]噻吩向列相液晶化合物,同萘环类液晶相比,苯并噻吩类液晶的相转变温度显著降低(J.Mater.Chem.2000,10,2069)。2011年,Kozmík等报道了含有手性末端基团的苯并[b]噻吩液晶化合物,得到了具有铁电性质的SmC*相。此外该课题组还开发了清亮点温度高且液晶相丰富(包括向列相、近晶A相及近晶C相)的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶材料(Liq.Cryst.2011,38,1245)。2012年,申请人结合苯并[b]噻吩与1,3,4-噁二唑的结构特点,首次设计合成了一系列具有荧光和液晶性质的双功能材料,在显示材料领域具有良好的应用前景(Liq.Cryst.2012,39,669)。依据苯并[b]噻吩类液晶材料的研究进展可知,目前该类化合物的分子形状主要为棒状,液晶相转变温度高且液晶温度范围窄,限制了其实际应用;另一方面,具有荧光和液晶性质的双功能材料种类少,且合成路线长、工艺复杂、成本高等缺点,因而,实用价值低。
通过调节刚性液晶核的结构及柔性链的数目、类型及长短等因素合成具有不同拓扑结构的新型发光液晶,开发在室温范围具有液晶性质的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶具有重要研究意义。本发明在此思路指导下,设计合成了一系列结构新颖的苯并[b]噻吩类发光液晶化合物,其中含有6个烷氧基链的化合物在室温时为液晶态,而且能够发射蓝色荧光,在液晶显示及电子传输材料等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决目前报道的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶相转变温度高、室温范围不具有液晶性质、性能单一的缺点,提供一种具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是:
本发明的所涉及的具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物的结构如通式BTP所示:
R1=CnH2n+1,n=1-18;R2=R3=H,CnH2n+1,n=1-18
BTP
本发明还提供上述苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物的制备方法,其合成工艺路线为:
具体反应步骤为:
中间体2-(4′-溴苯基)-3-氯-6-溴苯并[b]噻吩M的制备
在10mL圆底烧瓶中加入680mg(2.0mmol)(E)-1,2-二(4-溴苯基)-乙烯、0.1mL吡啶及5mL二氯亚砜,搅拌加热回流12-24小时。冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去未反应的二氯亚砜,残余物用10mL二氯甲烷溶解并用蒸馏水洗涤3次(3×10mL)。有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、减压除去溶剂,所得固体用二氯甲烷重结晶得白色絮状产物M,产率:35-52%。
苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物BTP的制备
在50mL圆底烧瓶中分别加入1.0mmol 2-(4′-溴苯基)-3-氯-6-溴苯并[b]噻吩、7.0~8.0mmol碳酸钾粉末、2.4~4.0mmol取代苯硼酸、催化量的钯催化剂及四氢呋喃/水体积比为3∶1的溶液30mL。氮气保护下搅拌加热回流6-12小时。冷却反应液,减压蒸出溶剂,残余物用10mL二氯甲烷溶解并用蒸馏水洗涤3次(3×10mL)。有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、减压除去溶剂。所得固体以硅胶为固定相,石油醚/二氯甲烷(体积比10∶1)混合溶剂为淋洗剂,柱层析分离得到白色固体产物BTP。产率:49-60%。
本发明中苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物的优点是:
1.可通过改变柔性烷氧基链的个数和长度调节分子形状和液晶性质,液晶相丰富(包括向列相及近晶相等);
2.熔点及清亮点低,液晶温度范围宽,部分化合物为室温液晶;
3.可发射蓝色荧光,最大发射波长为411~415nm。
附图说明
图1化合物BTP-2(R1=C10H21,R2=R3=H)在降温过程中207.4℃时呈现的近晶C相织构图
图2化合物BTP-3(R1=R2=R3=C10H21)在升温过程中2.9℃时呈现的向列相织构图
图3化合物BTP-1(R1=CH3,R2=R3=H),BTP-2,BTP-3的热重分析图
图4化合物BTP-1,BTP-2,BTP-3的紫外吸收光谱图
图5化合物BTP-1,BTP-2,BTP-3的荧光发射光谱图
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明。
实施例1
中间体2-(4′-溴苯基)-3-氯-6-溴苯并[b]噻吩M的制备方法:
在10mL圆底烧瓶中加入680mg(2.0mmol)(E)-1,2-二(4-溴苯基)-乙烯、0.1mL吡啶及5mL二氯亚砜,搅拌加热回流12-24小时。冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去未反应的二氯亚砜,残余物用10mL二氯甲烷溶解并用蒸馏水洗涤3次(3×10mL)。有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、减压除去溶剂,所得固体用二氯甲烷重结晶得白色絮状产物M。熔点155℃。产率:36%。
M测得的核磁共振氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δppm 7.95(s,1H,Ar-H),7.72(d,J=8.5Hz,1H,Ar-H),7.65(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,Ar-H),7.61(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,Ar-H),7.58(d,J=8.6Hz,1H,Ar-H)。
M测得的核磁共振碳谱数据如下:
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δppm 137.96,136.60,135.52,132.03,130.80,130.64,128.79,124.85,123.52,123.35,119.75,117.00。
实施例2
目标化合物BTP-1(R1=CH3,R2=R3=H)的制备方法:
在50mL圆底烧瓶中分别加入194mg(0.485mmol)2-(4′-溴苯基)-3-氯-6-溴苯并[b]噻吩、600mg(3.88mmol)碳酸钾粉末、300mg(1.94mmol)对甲氧基苯硼酸、催化量的Pd(P(Ph)3)2Cl2及四氢呋喃/水体积比为3∶1的溶液30mL。氮气保护下搅拌加热回流6-12小时。冷却反应液,减压蒸出溶剂,残余物用10mL二氯甲烷溶解并用蒸馏水洗涤3次(3×10mL)。有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、减压除去溶剂。所得固体以硅胶为固定相,石油醚/二氯甲烷(体积比10∶1)混合溶剂为淋洗剂,柱层析分离得到白色固体产物BTP-1110mg,产率为49%。
BTP-1测得的核磁共振氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δppm 7.97(s,1H),7.91-7.87(m,3H),7.69-7.59(m,7H),7.02(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),3.87(s,6H)。
BTP-1测得的核磁共振碳谱数据如下:
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=159.49,159.39,141.04,138.52,137.37,136.68,135.91,133.13,132.82,130.71,129.52,128.43,128.17,126.88,124.48,122.40,120.01,116.42,114.39,114.36,55.42。
实施例3
目标化合物BTP-2(R1=C10H21,R2=R3=H)的制备方法:
在50mL圆底烧瓶中分别加入172mg(0.43mmol)2-(4′-溴苯基)-3-氯-6-溴苯并[b]噻吩、480mg(3.5mmol)碳酸钾粉末、478mg(1.72mmol)对癸氧基苯硼酸、催化量的Pd(P(Ph)3)2Cl2及四氢呋喃/水体积比为3∶1的溶液30mL。氮气保护下搅拌加热回流6-12小时。冷却反应液,减压蒸出溶剂,残余物用10mL二氯甲烷溶解并用蒸馏水洗涤3次(3×10mL)。有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、减压除去溶剂。所得固体用二氯甲烷重结晶得到白色固体产物BTP-2160mg,产率为53%。
BTP-2测得的核磁共振氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δppm 7.97(s,1H),7.69-7.58(m,7H),7.02(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),4.02(t,J=6.6Hz,4H),1.86-1.78(m,4H),1.56-1.26(m,28H),0.89(t,J=6.6Hz,6H)。
BTP-2测得的核磁共振碳谱数据如下:
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δppm 159.11,159.01,141.12,138.61,137.37,136.65,135.89,132.89,132.58,130.66,129.50,128.38,128.11,126.84,124.46,122.37,119.97,116.39,114.98,114.93,68.18,31.93,30.95,29.62,29.44,29.35,29.31,26.09,22.71,14.14。
实施例4
目标化合物BTP-3(R1=R2=R3=C10H21)的制备方法:
在50mL圆底烧瓶中分别加入60mg(0.18mmol)2-(4′-溴苯基)-3-氯-6-溴苯并[b]噻吩、200mg(1.46mmol)碳酸钾粉末、430mg(0.73mmol)2,3,4-(三癸氧基)苯硼酸、催化量的Pd(P(Ph)3)2Cl2及四氢呋喃/水体积比为3∶1的溶液30mL。氮气保护下搅拌加热回流6-12小时。冷却反应液,减压蒸出溶剂,残余物用10mL二氯甲烷溶解并用蒸馏水洗涤3次(3×10mL)。有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、减压除去溶剂。所得固体以硅胶为固定相,石油醚/二氯甲烷(体积比10∶1)混合溶剂为淋洗剂,柱层析分离得到白色固体产物BTP-3100mg,产率为42%。
BTP-3测得的核磁共振氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δppm 7.98(s,1H),7.87-7.84(m,3H),7.64(d,J=8.4Hz,3H),7.07(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.74(dd,J=8.0,4.0Hz,2H),4.08-3.99(m,8H),3.83(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),3.77(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.92-1.71(m,12H),1.55-1.50(m,12H),1.28-1.10(s,72H),0.91-0.79(m,18H)。
BTP-3测得的核磁共振碳谱数据如下:
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δppm 153.23,153.19,151.08,151.06,143.83,142.36,142.29,138.97,136.57,136.46,136.12,130.61,129.58,128.61,128.25,128.07,126.95,124.65,124.39,122.73,121.44,116.29,108.52,108.45,73.92,73.83,73.80,68.79,31.96,31.93,31.92,30.95,30.47,30.21,30.18,29.76,29.69,29.65,29.63,29.45,29.42,29.38,26.21,26.17,26.08,26.05,22.71,14.13。
实施例5
采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试了化合物BTP-1,BTP-2,BTP-3的相变温度和焓变值,数据如表1所示。
表1苯并[b]噻吩化合物BTP-1,BTP-2,BTP-3在升降温过程中的相变温度及焓变值
[a]Cr=固体;N=向列相;ND=盘状向列相;SmC=近晶C相;ISO=液体。[b]升降温度速度5℃/min.[c]偏光显微镜观察数据
从表1可知所列决的化合物BTP-3均具有液晶性质,其液晶性能可通过分子刚性核周围的烷氧基链的长度和个数进行调控。当只有两个烷氧基链且碳原子数为1时,BTP-1呈现向列相,液晶温度范围达到85℃,当延长烷氧基碳链的长度至10个碳原子时,BTP-2呈现近晶C相及向列相,液晶温度范围达到125℃。而具有6个烷氧基链时,BTP-3则呈现盘状向列相,且液晶温度在室温范围。液晶温度范围宽及室温液晶的实际应用价值很强。
实施例6
采用偏光显微镜(POM)研究了化合物BTP的相变织构变化。附图1为化合物BTP-2在降温过程中207.4℃时呈现的司列轮条纹织构,为典型的近晶C相,图2为化合物BTP-3在升温过程中2.9℃时呈现的向列相织构图。偏光显微镜观察数据与表2中示差扫描数据一致。
实施例7
采用热重分析仪(TGA)研究了化合物BTP的热稳定性。图3为化合物BTP-1,BTP-2,BTP-3热重分析结果。从图3可知,当加热到100℃时,这些化合物均没有明显失重现象,加热到400℃时,BTP-1的失重小于10%,BTP-2,BTP-3的失重均小于2%,表明目标化合物具有良好的热稳定性。
实施例8
测试了化合物BTP的二氯甲烷溶液的紫外可见吸收光谱及荧光光谱,如图4所示,BTP-1,BTP-2,BTP-3最大吸收波长为329~334nm。在最大吸收波长的激发光照射下,如图5所示,目标化合物均能发射荧光,最大发射波长为411~415nm,最大波长受烷氧基数目和长度影响较小,均呈现蓝色荧光。
该类材料具有液晶和荧光性能,是双功能材料,具有广泛应用前景。
以上对本发明的一个实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物,其结构如下式BTP所示:
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物的制备方法,其合成反应路线为:
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:具体包括以下步骤:
(1)中间体2-(4′-溴苯基)-3-氯-6-溴苯并[b]噻吩M的制备
在10mL圆底烧瓶中加入680mg(2.0mmol)(E)-1,2-二(4-溴苯基)-乙烯、0.1mL吡啶及5mL二氯亚砜,搅拌加热回流12-24小时,冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去未反应的二氯亚砜,残余物用10mL二氯甲烷溶解并用蒸馏水洗涤3次,有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、减压除去溶剂,所得固体用二氯甲烷重结晶得白色絮状产物M;
(2)苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物BTP的制备
在50mL圆底烧瓶中分别加入1.0mmol 2-(4′-溴苯基)-3-氯-6-溴苯并[b]噻吩、7.0~8.0mmol碳酸钾粉末、2.4~4.0mmol取代苯硼酸、催化量的钯催化剂及四氢呋喃/水体积比为3∶1的溶液30mL,氮气保护下搅拌加热回流6-12小时,冷却反应液,减压蒸出溶剂,残余物用10mL二氯甲烷溶解并用蒸馏水洗涤3次,有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、减压除去溶剂,所得固体以硅胶为固定相,石油醚/二氯甲烷(体积比10∶1)混合溶剂为淋洗剂,柱层析分离得到白色固体产物BTP。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物在液晶显示及光电材料领域中的应用。
5.根据权利要求2或3的制备方法获得的具有发光性能的苯并[b]噻吩类液晶化合物在液晶显示及光电材料领域中的应用。
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